Using Demercurated Lighting Phosphor and MSWI Scrubber Residues to Prepare High Performance Plastic Concrete

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Wu Jang Huang ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
Ling Hui Hsieh ◽  
Jian Guo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Type I ◽  
Phosphor Powder ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Plastic Concrete

This study aimed to prepare a high performance plastic concrete made of epoxy resin and Portland type-I cement mixed with at least one inorganic solid waste of demercurated lighting phosphor powder or municipal solid waste incineration scrubber residue. The ratio between liquid epoxy resin and cement was 1:2; the scrubber residue and demercurated phosphor powder were added as modifiers for cement component in order to improve the strength and thermal properties of synthesized plastic concrete. The results indicate that, the addition of scrubber residue causes a decrease in both strength and thermal properties; whereas, the demercurated phosphor powder can replace 100% of the contents of cement without any significantly change in either strength or thermal properties. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the chemical structure of cured concrete and the results indicate that the surface softness increases with an increase in the mixed percentage of epoxy resin.

scholarly journals Dynamic mechanisms of CRISPR interference by Escherichia coli CRISPR-Cas3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Yoshimi ◽  
Kohei TAKESHITA ◽  
Noriyuki Kodera ◽  
Satomi Shibumura ◽  
Yuko Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dna Helicase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Target Strand ◽  
Target Dna

Type I CRISPR-Cas3 uses an RNA-guided multi Cas-protein complex, Cascade, which detects and degrades foreign nucleic acids via the helicase-nuclease Cas3 protein. Despite many studies using cryoEM and smFRET, the precise mechanism of Cas3-mediated cleavage and degradation of target DNA remains elusive. Here we reconstitute the CRISPR-Cas3 system in vitro to show how the Escherichia coli Cas3 (EcoCas3) with EcoCascade exhibits collateral non-specific ssDNA cleavage and target specific DNA degradation. Partial binding of EcoCascade to target DNA with tolerated mismatches within the spacer sequence, but not the PAM, elicits collateral ssDNA cleavage activity of recruited EcoCas3. Conversely, stable binding with complete R-loop formation drives EcoCas3 to nick the non-target strand (NTS) in the bound DNA. Helicase-dependent unwinding then combines with trans ssDNA cleavage of the target strand and repetitive cis cleavage of the NTS to degrade the target dsDNA substrate. High-speed atomic force microscopy demonstrates that EcoCas3 bound to EcoCascade repeatedly reels and releases the target DNA, followed by target fragmentation. Together, these results provide a revised model for collateral ssDNA cleavage and target dsDNA degradation by CRISPR-Cas3, furthering understanding of type I CRISPR priming and interference and informing future genome editing tools.

Stereocomplex electrospun fibers from high molecular weight of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Maleki ◽  
Hossein Barani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Electrospinning Method

AbstractThe stereocomplex formation is a promising method to improve the properties of poly(lactide) (PLA)-based products due to the strong interaction of the side-by-side arrangement of the molecular chains. Recently, electrospinning method has been applied to prepare PLA stereocomplex, which is more convenient. The objective of the current study is to make stereocomplexed PLA nanofibers using electrospinning method and compare their properties and structures with pure poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) fibers. The stereocomplexed fibers were electrospun from a blend solution of high molecular weight PLLA and poly(d-lactide) (1:1 ratio). The morphology of the obtained electrospun fibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Differential scanning calorimetry was applied to study their thermal properties and crystallinity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was conducted on the samples to characterize their chemical properties. The SEM and AFM images indicated that smooth uniform fibers with a cylindrical structure were produced. Besides, the FTIR results and thermal properties confirmed that only stereocomplex crystallites formed in the resulting fibers via the electrospinning method.

scholarly journals Micro and nanocomposites of polybutadienebased polyurethane liners with mineral fillers and nanoclay: thermal and mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ross ◽  
Germán Escobar ◽  
Guillermo Sevilla ◽  
Javier Quagliano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Mineral Fillers

AbstractMicro and nanocomposites of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethanes (NPU) were obtained using five mineral fillers and Cloisite 20A nanoclay, respectively. Samples were prepared by the reaction of HTPB polyol and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and the chain was further extended with glyceryl monoricinoleate to produce the final elastomeric polyurethanes. Mechanical and thermal properties were studied, showing that mineral fillers (20%w/w) significantly increased tensile strength, in particular nanoclay (at 5% w/w). When nanoclay-polymer dispersion was modified with a silane and hydantoin-bond promoter, elongation at break was significantly increased with respect to NPU with C20A. Thermal properties measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were not significantly affected in any case. The molecular structure of prepared micro and nanocomposites was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Interaction of fillers with polymer chains is discussed, considering the role of silanes in compatibilization of hydrophilic mineral fillers and hydrophobic polymer. The functionalization of nanoclay with HMDS silane was confirmed using FTIR. Microstructure of NPU with C20A nanoclay was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

When dendrimers are not better – rational design of nanolayers for high-performance organic electronic devices

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4463-4470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Shcherbina ◽  
Oleg V. Borshchev ◽  
Alexandra P. Pleshkova ◽  
Sergei A. Ponomarenko ◽  
Sergei N. Chvalun
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Carbosilane Dendrimers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Atomic Force

Several generations of carbosilane dendrimers with quaterthiophene end groups were studied by X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical and atomic force microscopy and molecular modelling.

scholarly journals Effect of Modification with Various Epoxide Compounds on Mechanical, Thermal, and Coating Properties of Epoxy Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaaddin Cerit ◽  
Mustafa Esen Marti ◽  
Ulku Soydal ◽  
Suheyla Kocaman ◽  
Gulnare Ahmetli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Epoxy resin (ER) was modified with four different epoxide compounds, 4,5-epoxy-4-methyl-pentane-2-on (EMP), 3-phenyl-1,2-epoxypropane (PhEP), 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy-5-(chloromethyl)-5-hexene (CEH), and a fatty acid glycidyl ester (FAGE), to improve its chemical and physical properties. The effects of the addition and amount of these modifiers on mechanical, thermal, and coating properties were investigated. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the changes obtained with the modification. The influence of the modifying agents on the curing process was monitored through FTIR spectroscopy. The curing degrees of ER and modified ERs (M-ERs) were found to be over 91%. The results showed that tensile strength of ER improved till 30% (wt.) with addition of the modifier content. Modification with EMP and PhEP remarkably enhanced the thermal stability of ER to be highly resistant to the corrosive media.

scholarly journals Breakthrough instruments and products: DriveAFM for high-performance atomic force microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 129503
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Adams ◽  
Patrick L. T. M. Frederix ◽  
Christian A. Bippes
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Synergistic effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone noncovalently modified graphene and epoxy resin in anticorrosion application

2020 ◽  
pp. 095400832094229
Author(s):  
Shifeng Wen ◽  
Jiacheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Modified Graphene

In this article, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used for the noncovalent modification on the surface of graphene. Compared with covalent modification, this method maintained the original structure of graphene layers, thereby maximizing the original properties of graphene. The π–π noncovalent bond was formed between PVP and graphene by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, indicating that PVP successfully modified graphene. The thickness of graphene layer was measured by atomic force microscopy, which showed that the distance between graphene layers was increased by 5–6 nm, and the stability of the modified graphene in N, N-dimethylformamide was remarkably improved. The obtained composite coating by combination of the modified graphene and the epoxy resin was subjected to electrochemical impedance test to obtain the best anticorrosive effect of the coating with the graphene content of 0.3 wt%. The results showed that the addition of graphene to the epoxy resin could effectively improve the anticorrosive effect. Meanwhile, the good electrical conductivity allowed the electrons which lost from the substrate to led to air or saline rapidly, thereby reducing the combination of iron ions with oxygen and the generation of corrosion products (iron oxides).

scholarly journals Chromatographic Length Separation and Photoluminescence Study on DNA-Wrapped Single-Wall and Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Asada ◽  
Toshiki Sugai ◽  
Ryo Kitaura ◽  
Hisanori Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Photoluminescence Study ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Length Separation ◽  
Double Wall

Water-soluble DNA-wrapped single-wall and double-wall carbon nanotubes (DNA-SWNTs, DNA-DWNTs) have been well separated by length incorporating size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The morphology and electronic properties of the size- (length-) separated DNA-SWNTs and -DWNTs are investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy. By using length-separated DNA-SWNTs and -DWNTs, we have found that PL intensity of the DNA-SWNTs varies sensitively depending not only on the chirality (or diameter) but more importantly on the length of the hybrids.

Effects of Hydration on Nanoscale Structural Morphology and Mechanics of Individual Type I Collagen Fibrils

2012 ◽  
Vol 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Wallace ◽  
Chad Harding ◽  
Arika Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Individual Type ◽  
Nanoscale Structure ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

ABSTRACTType I collagen is one of the most vital proteins in our bodies and serves a number of structural roles. Despite collagen’s importance, little is known about its nanoscale morphology in tissues and how morphology relates to mechanical function. This study directly probes nanoscale structure and mechanics in collagen as a function of hydration utilizing atomic force microscopy investigations of the mouse tail tendon. We demonstrate that collagen morphology and mechanical properties at the nanoscale change with dehydration, indicating that hydration is a factor which must be considered when performing studies at any length scale in collagen-based tissues. Studies are underway to further investigate this phenomenon and to determine how these properties change with disease in tendon and other Type I collagen-based tissues.

scholarly journals Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2236
Author(s):  
I. Ismail ◽  
Arliyani ◽  
Z. Jalil ◽  
Mursal ◽  
N. G. Olaiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Properties And Characterization ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Shell Particles

Conventionally, panel boards are produced with material flex or microparticle with P.U. or U.F. as adhesives. However, in this study, nanoparticle with epoxy resin as an adhesive was used to produce nanoboard. Coconut shell nanoparticle composite with epoxy resin as an adhesive was prepared using a compression molding technique. The coconut shell particles were originally 200 mesh size and then milled mechanically with a ball mill for the duration of 10, 20, 30, and 40 h (milling times) to produce nanoparticles. The composition ratio of the composite is 85 vol.% of coconut shell and 15 vol.% of epoxy resin. The formation of nanoparticles was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical, physical, and microstructure properties of the composite were examined with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and universal testing machine. The results established that the properties of the composite (microstructures, mechanical, and physical) are influenced by the duration of milling of coconut shell particles. The modulus and flexural strength of the composite improved with an increase in the milling time. The density, thickness swelling, and porosity of the composite were also influenced by the milling times. The result suggested that the composite properties were influenced by the particle size of the coconut shell. The coconut shell nanoparticle composite can be used in the manufacturing of hybrid panels and board.

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