Simulation of Deform Behavior of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Based on DEFORM-3D

Compared with the actual operation, computational simulation will save the cost and provide more valuable references or guiding significance for the real production. Using professional forming software DEFORM-3D, the upsetting process of WE43 magnesium alloy was simulated. Based on the actual flow stress data, the simulation model of WE43 magnesium alloy was created in DEFORM-3D. Results show that the uniform distribution of the temperature of WE43 magnesium alloy during the forming process is beneficial to the structural homogeneity and contributes to excellent flowing property. There is the stress concentration in the edge and slide face of the billet. So during the process of compression, the fracture will appear earlier in the edge and slide face of the sample.

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Flow Stress Experimental Determination for Warm-Forming Process

ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/msec2011-50209 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Fai Kong ◽

Luen Chow Chan ◽

Tai Chiu Lee

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Flow Stress ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Warm Forming ◽

Recrystallization Temperature ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Forming Process ◽

Forming Temperature ◽

Flow Stress Data

Warm forming is a manufacturing process in which a workpiece is formed into a desired shape at a temperature range between room temperature and material recrystallization temperature. Flow stress is expressed as a function of the strain, strain rate, and temperature. Based on such information, engineers can predict deformation behavior of material in the process. The majority of existing studies on flow stress mainly focus on the deformation and microstructure of alloys at temperature higher than their recrystallization temperatures or at room temperature. Not much works have been presented on flow stress at warm-forming temperatures. This study aimed to determine the flow stress of stainless steel AISI 316L and titanium TA2 using specially modified equipment. Comparing with the conventional method, the equipment developed for uniaxial compression tests has be verified to be an economical and feasible solution to accurately obtain flow stress data at warm-forming temperatures. With average strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 /s, the stainless steel was tested at degree 600, 650, 700, 750, and 800 °C and the titanium was tested at 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C. Both materials softened at increasing temperatures. The overall flow stress of stainless steel was approximately 40 % more sensitive to the temperature compared to that of titanium. In order to increase the efficiency of forming process, it was suggested that the stainless steel should be formed at a higher warm-forming temperature, i.e. 800 °C. These findings are a practical reference that enables the industry to evaluate various process conditions in warm-forming without going through expensive and time consuming tests.

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Texture dependencies on flow stress behavior of magnesium alloy under dynamic compressive loading

Vacuum ◽

10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110323 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110323

Author(s):

Faisal Nazeer ◽

Syed Zohaib Hassan Naqvi ◽

Abul Kalam ◽

A.G. Al-Sehemi ◽

Hussein Alrobi

Keyword(s):

Flow Stress ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Compressive Loading ◽

Stress Behavior ◽

Flow Stress Behavior ◽

Dynamic Compressive Loading

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Model of Microstructure Development in Hot Deformed Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Type

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.232 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 232-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dariusz Kuc ◽

Eugeniusz Hadasik

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Flow Stress ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Rolling Process ◽

Microstructure Development ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Magnesium Alloy Az31 ◽

Hot Rolling Process ◽

Alloy Type ◽

Relaxation Curves

The paper presents a model of microstructure changes elaborated for magnesium alloy type AZ31. In previous papers, the function of flow stress was defined on the basis of uniaxial hot compression tests. On the basis of marked relaxation curves and quantitative tests of structure the softening indicators were defined together with elaboration of equations which describe the changes in the grain size. Marked coefficients of equations were introduced in the code of simulation program. Calculations were conducted for given temperature values from 450 ÷ 250°C and strain rate from 0.01 to 10 s-1, which correspond with rolling temperature range of this alloy. Prepared model will allow the proper choice of parameters in hot rolling process of this alloy to achieve the assumed microstructure.

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Analysis on Temperature Field of Work-Piece during Cross Wedge Rolling

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.352 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 230-232 ◽

pp. 352-356

Author(s):

Wen Ke Liu ◽

Kang Sheng Zhang ◽

Zheng Huan Hu

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Temperature Field ◽

Metal Flow ◽

Work Piece ◽

Contact Deformation ◽

Cross Wedge Rolling ◽

Forming Process ◽

Rigid Plastic ◽

Finite Element Software ◽

Deform 3D

Based on the rigid-plastic deformation finite element method and the heat transfer theories, the forming process of cross wedge rolling was simulated with the finite element software DEFORM-3D. The temperature field of the rolled piece during the forming process was analyzed. The results show that the temperature gradient in the outer of the work-piece is sometimes very large and temperature near the contact deformation zone is the lowest while temperature near the center of the rolled-piece keeps relatively stable and even rises slightly. Research results provide a basis for further study on metal flow and accurate shaping of work-piece during cross wedge rolling.

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Study on Nitridation Behavior of Mg-Ca Alloy under Nitrogen

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1127 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 415-417 ◽

pp. 1127-1131

Author(s):

Xiao Xia Yang ◽

Dun Qiang Tan ◽

Dong Fei Xiao ◽

Yi Jie Zhan

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Surface Film ◽

Spray Forming ◽

Holding Time ◽

Mg Alloy ◽

Nitride Film ◽

Forming Process ◽

Small Cracks

To study the ignition-proof behavior in the spray deposited magnesium alloy with nitrogen as atomizing gas, SEM and XRD were employed to study the morphology and elements profile of nitride film formed on the Mg-5Ca alloy melt in different conditions, and the ignition proof principle was also analyzed preliminarily. The results indicated that under ordinary nitrogen (99.5%), a layer of smooth and continuous nitride film was formed on the surface of Mg-5Ca alloy after sintered at 740°C for 2 hours, and with the increasing of temperature and holding time, small cracks and cavities appeared locally on the surface film. The surface film was mainly composed of CaO、MgO、Ca3N2and Mg3N2.The profile analysis of the nitride film indicated that Ca element collected on the surface of the nitride film, and a multiple film was formed which filled the loose and holes of single film, avoided the burning of Mg alloy during spray forming process.

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The Strain Analysis at the Broadening Stage of the Hollow Railway Axle by Multi-Wedge Cross Wedge Rolling

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.457 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 494-495 ◽

pp. 457-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bin Hu ◽

Xue Dao Shu ◽

Peng Hui Yu ◽

Wen Fei Peng

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Strain Analysis ◽

Cross Wedge Rolling ◽

Forming Process ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Forming Mechanism ◽

Railway Axle ◽

The Finite Element Analysis ◽

Scientific Significance ◽

Deform 3D

The paper is based on the newest hollow railway axle, which utilizes the Pro/E designed multi-wedge cross wedge rolling (MCWR) model, utilizes the finite element analysis software DEFORM-3D to complete the numerical simulation about the whole stage of the hollow railway axle forming process, and analyzes the strain rule at the broadening stage of the hollow railway axle, especially conducts a detailed research on forming character into the strain rule at the multi-wedge transition stage, and finally gets the strain forming mechanism of the hollow railway axle at the broadening stage. The result of the research on the strain rule poses great scientific significance on enhancing the product quality and the production efficiency of the hollow railway axle, and improving the theory of multi-wedge cross wedge rolling.

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Microstructure Integrated Modeling of Multiscan Laser Forming

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1459088 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Jin Cheng ◽

Y. Lawrence Yao

Keyword(s):

Flow Stress ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Fem Simulation ◽

Constitutive Models ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Laser Forming ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Forming Process ◽

Heating And Cooling

Laser forming of steel is a hot forming process with high heating and cooling rate, during which strain hardening, dynamic recrystallization, and phase transformation take place. Numerical models considering strain rate and temperature effects only usually give unsatisfactory results when applied to multiscan laser forming operations. This is mainly due to the inadequate constitutive models employed to describe the hot flow behavior. In this work, this limitation is overcome by considering the effects of microstructure change on the flow stress in laser forming processes of low carbon steel. The incorporation of such flow stress models with thermal mechanical FEM simulation increases numerical model accuracy in predicting geometry change and mechanical properties.

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Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of 42CrMo Steel at High Temperature

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11101614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1614

Author(s):

Hongqiang Liu ◽

Zhicheng Cheng ◽

Wei Yu ◽

Gaotian Wang ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Flow Stress ◽

Strain Rate ◽

Thermal Processing ◽

Deformation Behavior ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Ann Model ◽

Forming Process ◽

Temperature Reduction ◽

42Crmo Steel

High-temperature reduction pretreatment (HTRP) is a process that can significantly improve the core quality of a billet. The existing flow stress data cannot meet the needs of simulation due to lack of high temperature data. To obtain the hot forming process parameters for the high-temperature reduction pretreatment process of 42CrMo steel, a hot compression experiment of 42CrMo steel was conducted on Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical at 1200–1350 °C with the rates of deformation 0.001–10 s−1 and the deformation of 60%, and its deformation behavior at elevated temperature was studied. In this study, the effects of flow stress temperature and strain rate on austenite grain were investigated. Moreover, two typical constitutive models were employed to describe the flow stress, namely the Arrhenius constitutive model of strain compensation and back propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) model. The performance evaluation shows that BP ANN model has high accuracy and stability to predict the curve. The thermal processing maps under strains of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 were established. Based on the analysis of the thermal processing map, the optimal high reduction process parameter range of 42CrMo is obtained: the temperature range is 1250–1350 °C, and the strain rate range is 0.01–1 s−1.

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