The Development of Mn-Series Air-Cooled and Water-Quenched Bainitic Steels in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sheng Fang ◽  
Gu Hui Gao ◽  
Yan Kang Zheng ◽  
Zhi Gang Yang ◽  
Bing Zhe Bai
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Duplex Steels

The origin and development of air-cooled Mn-series bainite steels are introduced. The invented idea, strengthening-toughening mechanism, mechanical performances, development and application of this kind of steel including granular bainitic steels, FGBA / BG duplex steels, CFB/M duplex steels, medium carbon bainite/martensite steels, cast bainitic steels are presented. The invented idea mechanical performances, development and application of second generation of Mn-series bainitic steels, i.e. water-quenched Mn-series bainitic steels invented by the authors newly are introduced. The water quenched Mn-series bainitic steels can meet the performance requirements of most steels used in engineering structure, reduce the amount of alloying content, increase harden capability and improve weldability. It should be pointed out that the application of both air-cold and water- quenched Mn-series bainitic steels are complementary and mutually reinforcing. Some newest technology of Mn-series bainitic steels in China are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that the significance of the development of the Mn-series bainitic steels can be summarized as: significantly reducing costs of both raw materials and production; good combination of strength and toughness; excellent weldability; simple procedure; large savings in energy resources and environmental pollution is reduced.

Furnace Operation: “A Gold Mine in your Casthouse”

2009 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Girard ◽  
J. Barresi ◽  
C. Dupuis ◽  
G. Riverin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Scrap Rate ◽  
Operation Knowledge ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Insight Into

Scrap rate, throughput, alloy recovery and raw materials are all areas of the casthouse which usually get substantial attention as means of either increasing profits or reducing costs. However, furnaces, which are often overlooked by the casthouse, can also deliver surprisingly high savings. Moreover, these potential savings can only magnify as energy costs and pressures to reduce carbon footprint increase. This paper gives an insight into where savings can be achieved by a casthouse with proper furnace operation. Knowledge of how a furnace should be operated is often neglected but as this paper tries to highlight, developing this knowledge can be extremely worthwhile.

Preparation and Performance Testing of Tubular Cathode Support for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 2345-2348
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Dong Tang ◽  
Rui Xue Duan ◽  
Hong Jun Ni
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gelcasting Process

A new tubular cathode support for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) was prepared by the gelcasting process using mesocarbon microbead(MCMB) and graphite as the main raw materials. The effects of different graphite doping ratios on tensile strength, bending strength, crushing strength, volume resistivity and shrinkage rate for the prepared tubular cathode support were studied by experimental test. The result showed that the prepared tubular cathode support had very good comprehensive performance. The tubular cathode support with 10% graphite exhibits the best performance such as bending strength 25MPa and resistivity30µΩ•m, and it satisfied the DEFC cathode working conditions and performance requirements.

scholarly journals Characteristics of carbide-free medium-carbon bainitic steels in high-stress abrasive wear conditions

Wear ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456-457 ◽  
pp. 203386
Author(s):  
Oskari Haiko ◽  
Pentti Kaikkonen ◽  
Mahesh Somani ◽  
Kati Valtonen ◽  
Jukka Kömi
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Bainitic Steels

scholarly journals Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate Content in Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection After Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Single-Laboratory Validation First Action 2015.11

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Sharon L Brunelle
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Expert Review Panel ◽  
Single Laboratory

Abstract A previously validated method for determination of chondroitin sulfate in raw materials and dietary supplements was submitted to the AOAC Expert Review Panel (ERP) for Stakeholder Panel on Dietary Supplements Set 1 Ingredients (Anthocyanins, Chondroitin, and PDE5 Inhibitors) for consideration of First Action Official MethodsSM status. The ERP evaluated the single-laboratory validation results against AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements 2014.009. With recoveries of 100.8–101.6% in raw materials and 105.4–105.8% in finished products and precision of 0.25–1.8% RSDr within-day and 1.6–4.72% RSDr overall, the ERP adopted the method for First Action Official Methods status and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action status.

Improved wear resistance of medium carbon microalloyed bainitic steels

Wear ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 168-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chattopadhyay ◽  
S. Sangal ◽  
K. Mondal ◽  
A. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Carbon Microalloyed

Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Strength Bainitic Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
M.H. Sheikh Ansari ◽  
M. Aghaie-Khafri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Lower Bainite ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Bainitic Steel ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Tempered Martensite ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Bainitic Steels

In this study, medium carbon low alloy steel was used to obtain bainitic structures. The lower bainite and tempered martensite-lower bainite structures were achieved by isothermal austempering and up quenching treatment, respectively. Based on the results obtained these structures showed a very good combination of strength and toughness. Furthermore, it has been shown that austenitization time and temperature, as well as austempering time and temperature play a major role in achieving ultra-high strength bainitic steels.

Direct Molding of Polymers for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Loredana Santo ◽  
Denise Bellisario ◽  
Fabrizio Quadrini
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
Micro Molding ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Small Parts

. Direct molding is a simple molding process to produce small parts at low costs. A single pellet or few pellets are directly molded into a transparent mound by means of an IR lamp. A new micro-molding machine has been developed for this study and used to mould polymers for biomedical applications (PCL and PHBV). Due to the small amount of molded material, the proposed process is particular suitable for biomedical applications which are characterized by small numbers of parts and high costs of the raw materials. Moreover, direct molding is able to reduce material degradation and frozen stresses. The new machine has been used to mold small disks from single pellets. This way, the effect of the main process parameters on the molded polymer density has been evaluated. Moreover, DSC analyses have shown the effect of the molding process on the polymer properties. In conclusion, the micro-molding system has been used to produce small components which were tested in terms of dimensional stability and mechanical performances.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LEVULINIC ACID OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Santos ◽  
Gabrielle Fraga ◽  
Danilo Pontes ◽  
Leila Campos ◽  
Luiz Pontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
World Market ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Levulinic acid is a reactive polar organic compound deemed as a building block for several products with relevant applications, replacing traditional substances in the petrochemical industry. Considered a platform molecule, levulinic acid is industrially produced from the acid hydrolysis of biomass – mainly plant-based – using hydrochloric or sulfuric acid in homogenous catalysis. However, considering the World Market for levulinic acid is expected to reach US$ 71.9 million in 2027, growing annually at 14.1%, and its applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, cosmetics, and food additives, the development of alternative production processes is sought. Hence, a survey was performed on publications considering the alternatives for biomass-based levulinic acid production processes: I) alternative homogenous catalysts to avoid using noble materials in the reactor; II) heterogeneous catalysis to facilitate and reduce the catalyst’s separation and recovery costs; III) ionic liquids, exploiting their high solvency, stability, and catalytic capacity. Additionally, biomass alternatives for obtaining levulinic acid are presented, showing that other agricultural residues and animal biomass options are being considered, targeting process flexibilization while reducing costs and producing derivatives at more competitive prices. Thus, it can be stated that levulinic acid is an important platform molecule for biorefineries’ economics, replacing fossil fuels with renewable raw materials.

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