The Relationship between Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO Slag System

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 460-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tao Ju ◽  
Zhen Lin Lu ◽  
Zhi Yuan Jiao ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Calculating Model

The relationship between the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of CaF2-SiO2- Al2O3-CaO-MgO slag system was deduced through theoretical calculation and experiment. The experiment was designed by quadratic orthogonal rotary regression method. The slag viscosity and conductivity were measured at 1600, and the constant (C) was calculated. The calculating model between each component mass fraction and constant C was performed, and the stability of calculating model was also verified by representative slag. The results showed that the calculating constant (C) of regression model is in good agreement with experimental values. Thus, the relationship between refining slag viscosity and conductivity using the formula at certain temperature is feasible.

Application of Optical Basicity for Estimation of Viscosity of SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 811-817
Author(s):  
Chuan Hong ◽  
Yun Ming Gao ◽  
Shao Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Optical Basicity ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

A viscosity model based on NPL model with the corrected optical basicity is proposed for quaternary SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 slag system in the present work. The modified Arrhenius type of equation for temperature dependence of slag viscosity is employed. By means of fitting measured viscosity values for slags with basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 and temperature from 1593 to 1803 K, model parameters are optimized against values of optical basicity, which represents both the structure of molten slags and cationic effects. The relationship between model parameters and optical basicity, which is different from NPL model, is obtained. The present model is applied to estimate viscosity values of slag in SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 system. The comparison between estimated and measured values shows good agreement with a mean deviation of 12%. It proves fully that the present model can express the temperature dependence and composition dependence of viscosity.

Activities and Ionic Distributions in Cobalt Silicate Melts

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Smith ◽  
C. R. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Silica Content ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polymer Theory ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Binary Silicate

Activities of CoO in CoO–SiO2 melts were measured at 1450–1500 °C by equilibrating the melts, held in Pt–Rh containers, with atmospheres of known oxygen potential. Activities were calculated by the relationship[Formula: see text]where aCo, the activity of cobalt in the container, was determined in separate experiments.The results were compared with theoretical activity–composition curves based on the application of polymer theory to silicate melts. The results were in good agreement with theoretical curves calculated on the assumption of linear chains. In contrast, for all other binary silicate melts so far investigated the results are best represented in terms of theory in which all chain configurations are allowed. Ionic distributions and number average and weight average molecular weights were calculated as functions of the silica content from the experimental data. The calculated proportions of monomeric ion, SiO44−, dimer Si2O76−, and trimer Si3O108− were in reasonable agreement with experimental values based on trimethylsilylation and gas-chromatographic separation of the ionic constituents in quenched melts.

Research on the Viscosity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO Slag System by the Thermodynamic Software

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Yuan She ◽  
Jian Tao Ju ◽  
Zhi Yuan Jiao ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Measuring Apparatus ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
Cylinder Method

In order to find out a method of computation on the viscosity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO slag system, which is accurate, rapid and convenient, a systematic study has been carried out. The refining slag samples have been made by the method of rotation-regression-orthogonal combination design during the test. When the temperature of the flux of the samples were 1600°C~1400°C, the experiment was performed by internal rotating cylinder method involving a spindle with the RTW-10 flux physical properties measuring apparatus in graphite crucible per 50°C, meanwhile, the viscosity of slag system were estimated by thermodynamic software FactSage per 50°C. Then, according to the viscosity results of calculation at 1600°C, the viscosity calculation equation was established, which was the relation of the mass fraction of every components and the value of the slag viscosity. Furthermore, the interaction of two components on the influence of the viscosity of slag was discussed.

Energetics and Structural Effects of Boron Additive to Intermetallic Compound: γ-Tial

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Khowash ◽  
D.L. Price ◽  
B.R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTImproving the low temperature ductility of the intermetallic compound γ - TiAl by alloying with small concentrations of an additive is of great practical importance. The difference in site selection energy of the additive plays an important role in the stability and behavior of the alloy. For boron in L10 TiAl, we have calculated the site selection energy using linearized combination of muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) total energy calculations. For pure γ - TiAl, we found the equilibrium lattice structure by minimizing the total energy, and obtained good agreement with the experimental values. With the introduction of boron, a relaxation of the lattice around the boron additive is expected. For boron additives, we have calculated the forces on each atom leading to the minimization of the total energy as a function of the ionic positions in order to obtain the “true” stable structure of the alloy.

Construction and Calibration of Physical Filtration Equation of Biological Aerated Filter

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 433-438
Author(s):  
Shou Bin Zhang ◽  
Li Ping Qiu ◽  
Hong Lan Li
Keyword(s):  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Filtration Equation ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way ◽  
Calculating Model

To establish the physical filtration equation of Biological Aerated Filter (BAF), the porosity calculating model (Eq. 5) and SS concentration calculating model (Eq. 16) were constructed respectively by the way of infinitesimal element analysis. And then the BAF physical filtration equation had been derived by using the relationship among headloss, porosity and SS. The BAF physical filtration equation was shown as Eq. 19.Then the Kozeny-Carman coefficient in Eq. 19, kc, was confirmed to be 0.040 by experimental adjusting and domesticating. In the condition of kc=0.040, the predicted values of Eq. 19 fitted the experimental values of BAF reactor well, which illustrated that the BAF filtration equation constructed in this study was scientific and the parameters value adopted in this equation was reasonable.

Lattice-Dynamical Estimation of Atomic Displacement Parameters in Carbonates: Calcite and Aragonite CaCO3, Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 and Magnesite MgCO3

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pilati ◽  
F. Demartin ◽  
C. M. Gramaccioli
Keyword(s):  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Atomic Displacement ◽  
Empirical Potentials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anisotropic Displacement Parameters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Atomic Displacement Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Raman And Ir Spectra

Using crystallographic information and empirical potentials derived from fitting the vibrational frequencies of all the substances under study, together with those of a group of silicates and oxides, a Born–von Karman rigid-ion lattice-dynamical model has been applied to the whole Brillouin zone in calcite, aragonite (α- and β-CaCO3, respectively), magnesite (MgCO3) and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]. The Raman and IR spectra are satisfactorily reproduced and interpreted by these calculations; there is also very good agreement with atomic anisotropic displacement parameters (a.d.p.'s) derived from accurate crystal structure refinement by various authors and with the experimental values of thermodynamic functions over a wide range of temperatures. On these vibrational grounds, the stability of calcite with respect to aragonite at high temperature can be accounted for.

On the stability of nuclei against β-emission

1939 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Charge Number ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

By means of purely qualitative arguments which do not depend on any particular model, the general scheme of stable nuclei and the isotopic breadth of nuclei with odd charge number are explained.The breadth of the isobaric region can be obtained if the numerical values of certain energies are known. Though these can be estimated only very roughly, the values for the breadth of the isobaric region obtained in this way are in good agreement with the experimental values. The increase in the breadth of the isobaric region from light nuclei to heavier nuclei can be explained, but no plausible explanation has been found for the fact that the breadth decreases again for the heaviest nuclei.

scholarly journals Hardness and Conductivity of Die Forged ZYK530 Magnesium Alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenghong CAO ◽  
Yaohui XU ◽  
Chang CHEN ◽  
Zhaohui QIN ◽  
Chi DENG
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Peak Value

The relationship among the microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of the as-forged ZYK530 Mg alloy after heat treatment was analyzed and studied using a microscope, X-Ray Diffractometer, eddy current conductivity meter, and Vickers microhardness tester, to explore optimum heat treatment process of ZYK530 Mg alloy. The results show that: with the prolongation of holding time, the electrical conductivity and microhardness show the same change trend, both of which show an oscillatory upward trend, and then decrease in an oscillatory downward trend after reaching the  peak value. There is a linear positive correlation between the conductivity and the hardness, and the fitting results of the conductivity and hardness are in good agreement with the measured results; combined with the actual production, when the heat-treatment is 480 ℃ × 8 h + 220 ℃ × 3 h, the highest hardness is 79.2 HV, the electroconductivity is 36.2%IACS, and the comprehensive performance is the best, which is the best heat treatment process.

Estimating Electrical Conductivities of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Using Ion-Oxygen Parameter

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxian Wang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Kuo-chih Chou
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Reasonable Prediction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oxygen Parameter

AbstractElectrical conductivity of molten slags is one of the most important physicochemical properties and it also has a close relationship to the structure of slag. This article focused on the basic slag system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and made estimations for electrical conductivity. Ion-oxygen parameter was selected to describe the relationship between electrical conductivity with compositions. Moreover, the interaction between composition and temperature was embodied in the final model formula. It was shown that increasing CaO and MgO contents enhanced the ability for electric conduction. Moreover, with a higher temperature, the change of electrical conductivity with ion-oxygen parameter was more remarkable. This model gives reasonable prediction of the electrical conductivity for the slags studied with the mean deviation of 14.3%. Thus, this model would provide a feasible tool for industry to predict and optimize the electrical conductivity of slag system.

scholarly journals Microscopic Description of 170 Er, 172 Yb, 174 Hf, and 176 W Isotones

2020 ◽  
Vol 928 (7) ◽  
pp. 072124
Author(s):  
Yasir Yahya Kassim ◽  
Mushtaq Abed Al-Jubbori ◽  
Imad Mamdouh Ahmed ◽  
Hewa Y. Abdullah ◽  
Fadhil I. Sharrad
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Angular Frequency ◽  
Interacting Boson Model ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Boson Model ◽  
Energy States ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The properties of 170 Er, 172Yb, 174Hf, and 176Wisotones have been studied and their energy states calculated. To identify the properties of each isotone, the values of the first excited states, E 2 1 + and the ratio of the second excited states to the first excited states, R 4 / 2 = E 4 1 + / E 2 1 + for all nuclei under consideration were adopted. To determine the properties of each nucleus, the relationship between the moment of inertia 2𝜗/ℏ 2 and the square of the angular frequency, ℏ 2 𝜔 2, the relationship between successive excited states to those preceding them r ( I + 2 ) I ) and the ΔI = 1 staggering between the GSB and the NPB states were studied for all states of 170Er, 172Yb, 174Hf, and 176W isotones. After identifying the properties of each isotone, the rotational limit in the interacting boson model IBM-1 and the IVBM model was used to calculate the energy states for each isotone and the results were compared with the experimental values. and good agreement was observed with some exception. The inaccuracy of some calculations in the IBM-1 results from the lying of some high states out the range of the rotational properties that were used.

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