Activities and Ionic Distributions in Cobalt Silicate Melts

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Smith ◽  
C. R. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Silica Content ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polymer Theory ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Binary Silicate

Activities of CoO in CoO–SiO2 melts were measured at 1450–1500 °C by equilibrating the melts, held in Pt–Rh containers, with atmospheres of known oxygen potential. Activities were calculated by the relationship[Formula: see text]where aCo, the activity of cobalt in the container, was determined in separate experiments.The results were compared with theoretical activity–composition curves based on the application of polymer theory to silicate melts. The results were in good agreement with theoretical curves calculated on the assumption of linear chains. In contrast, for all other binary silicate melts so far investigated the results are best represented in terms of theory in which all chain configurations are allowed. Ionic distributions and number average and weight average molecular weights were calculated as functions of the silica content from the experimental data. The calculated proportions of monomeric ion, SiO44−, dimer Si2O76−, and trimer Si3O108− were in reasonable agreement with experimental values based on trimethylsilylation and gas-chromatographic separation of the ionic constituents in quenched melts.

scholarly journals Molecular size distributions in multichain polymers: application of polymer theory to silicate melts

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Masson ◽  
I. B. Smith ◽  
S. G. Whiteway
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Polymer Theory ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Binary Silicate

Expressions developed previously by Flory and by the authors for molecular size distributions in branched polymers were used to derive theoretical curves of activity vs. composition in binary silicate melts. In contrast with curves based on the Flory distribution those derived from our result were in good agreement with experiment over the entire range of compositions up to the maximum degree of polymerization allowed by the theory. The comparison is illustrated for the systems PbO–SiO2 and SnO–SiO2.

MODELING AND OPTIMIZING PROPERTIES OF NANOCLAY–NITRILE RUBBER COMPOSITES USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Balachandran ◽  
S. S. Bhagawan ◽  
R. Muraleekrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR)–organomodified layered silicate (nanoclay) was modeled using design of experiments approach. A Box–Behnken design with three factors and three levels was used to model the relationship between properties of NBR nanocomposites and the ingredients. The factors considered in the design were silica content, nanoclay loading, and dicumyl peroxide content. The nanocomposites were evaluated for tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, oxygen permeation rate, and effect of oil and heat aging on mechanical properties. Regression equations were generated to model the properties of interest and generate response surfaces and contour plots. The predicted properties of the nanocomposites were in good agreement with the experimental results. The contour plots were overlaid within the applied constraints to identify the combination of factor ranges that gives the optimal performance of the nanocomposites for application as control system bladders in satellite launch vehicles.

Activities and ionic distributions in liquid silicates: application of polymer theory

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Masson ◽  
I. B. Smith ◽  
S. G. Whiteway
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Thermodynamic Activity ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
High Silica ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Binary Silicate

Theoretical expressions derived previously for molecular size distributions in multichain polymers are applied to binary silicate melts. The treatment is an extension of a previous approach which was limited to the consideration of linear chains. When all configurations of the chain molecules are taken into consideration, the predicted variation of thermodynamic activity with composition agrees with experiment for all binary systems for which data are available. The effect of allowing for all chain configurations is largely to improve the fit between theory and experiment at high silica contents. Calculated ionic distributions for the system 'FeO'–SiO2 do not differ markedly from those previously reported. The mean chain length is unaffected. The results support previous views that principles of polymer chemistry can be applied usefully to silicate melts and glasses.

scholarly journals Microscopic Description of 170 Er, 172 Yb, 174 Hf, and 176 W Isotones

2020 ◽  
Vol 928 (7) ◽  
pp. 072124
Author(s):  
Yasir Yahya Kassim ◽  
Mushtaq Abed Al-Jubbori ◽  
Imad Mamdouh Ahmed ◽  
Hewa Y. Abdullah ◽  
Fadhil I. Sharrad
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Angular Frequency ◽  
Interacting Boson Model ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Boson Model ◽  
Energy States ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The properties of 170 Er, 172Yb, 174Hf, and 176Wisotones have been studied and their energy states calculated. To identify the properties of each isotone, the values of the first excited states, E 2 1 + and the ratio of the second excited states to the first excited states, R 4 / 2 = E 4 1 + / E 2 1 + for all nuclei under consideration were adopted. To determine the properties of each nucleus, the relationship between the moment of inertia 2𝜗/ℏ 2 and the square of the angular frequency, ℏ 2 𝜔 2, the relationship between successive excited states to those preceding them r ( I + 2 ) I ) and the ΔI = 1 staggering between the GSB and the NPB states were studied for all states of 170Er, 172Yb, 174Hf, and 176W isotones. After identifying the properties of each isotone, the rotational limit in the interacting boson model IBM-1 and the IVBM model was used to calculate the energy states for each isotone and the results were compared with the experimental values. and good agreement was observed with some exception. The inaccuracy of some calculations in the IBM-1 results from the lying of some high states out the range of the rotational properties that were used.

AMINO ACID AND METAL COMPOSITION OF THE α- AND β-LYTIC PROTEASES OF SORANGIUM SP.

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jurášek ◽  
D. R. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Zinc Removal ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Good Agreement

Amino acid compositions of two enzymes, α- and β-lytic proteases of Sorangium sp., are reported. The calculated molecular weights and nitrogen contents are in good agreement with experimental values reported previously. A method is described for computing a "best estimate" of the multiplier which converts composition per unit weight of enzyme preparation to composition per mole of enzyme. According to analyses of the performate-oxidized enzymes and of the carboxymethylated enzymes, the α-enzyme has six and the β-enzyme has four half-cystine residues. Titratable sulfhydryl groups could not be detected in either enzyme. The β-enzyme contains one atom of zinc; removal of zinc with o-phenanthroline did not release a titratable sulfhydryl group.

scholarly journals Saline distribution during multicomponent salting in pre-cooked quail eggs

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionísio Borsato ◽  
Mariete Barbosa Moreira ◽  
Ivanira Moreira ◽  
Marcos Vinicios Roberto Pina ◽  
Rui Sergio dos Santos Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Water System ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

The relationship of NaCl with problems of arterial hypertension has led to a reduction in the levels of this salt in food production. KCl has been used as a partial substitute for NaCl since it cannot be completely substituted without affecting the acceptability of the end product. In this study, the diffusion that occurs during quail egg salting in static and stirred brine was simulated. The mathematical model used was based on a generalization of the Fick's 2nd law, and the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the diffusion in the NaCl-KCl-water system. The deviations in the simulated data and experimental data were 2.50% for NaCl and 6.98% for KCl in static brine, while in the stirred brine they were 3.48% for NaCl and 4.72% for KCl. The simulation results presented good agreement with the experimental values and validated the predictive capacity of the model.

The Relationship between Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO Slag System

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 460-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tao Ju ◽  
Zhen Lin Lu ◽  
Zhi Yuan Jiao ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Calculating Model

The relationship between the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of CaF2-SiO2- Al2O3-CaO-MgO slag system was deduced through theoretical calculation and experiment. The experiment was designed by quadratic orthogonal rotary regression method. The slag viscosity and conductivity were measured at 1600, and the constant (C) was calculated. The calculating model between each component mass fraction and constant C was performed, and the stability of calculating model was also verified by representative slag. The results showed that the calculating constant (C) of regression model is in good agreement with experimental values. Thus, the relationship between refining slag viscosity and conductivity using the formula at certain temperature is feasible.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the transformation from firn to ice in the wet-snow zone of temperate glaciers

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Kawashima ◽  
Tomomi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Densification Rate ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Proportionality Constant ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

The densification of water-saturated firn, which had formed just above the firn-ice transition in the wet-snow zone of temperate glaciers, was investigated by compression tests under pressures ranging from 0.036 to 0.173 MPa, with special reference to the relationship between densification rate, time and pressure. At each test, the logarithm of the densification rate was proportional to the logarithm of the time, and its proportionality constant increased exponentially with increasing pressure. The time necessary for ice formation in the firn aquifer was calculated using the empirical formula obtained from the tests. Consequently, the necessary time decreased exponentially as the pressure increased, which shows that the transformation from firn in ice can be completed within the period when the firn aquifer exists, if the overburden pressure acting on the water-saturated firn is above 0.12–0.14 MPa. This critical value of pressure was in good agreement with the overburden pressure obtained from depth–density curves of temperate glaciers. It was concluded that the depth of firn–ice transition was self-balanced by the overburden pressure to result in the concentration between 20 and 30 m.

scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Western blotting between PVDF and NC membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Shaobo Liu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Direct Blue ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWestern blotting (WB) is one of the most widely used techniques to identify proteins as well as post translational modifications of proteins. The selection of electroblotted membrane is one of the key factors affecting the detection sensitivity of the protein which is transferred from gel to membrane in WB. The most common used membranes are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose (NC) membranes. Which membrane of these two is more suitable for WB has not been reported so far. Here, by incubating proteins which were transferred to PVDF or NC membranes with a series of antibodies and different types of lectins, we investigated the relationship between the binding ability of these two membranes to proteins or glycoproteins and the molecular weight of the target protein. The antibody re-probed ability of the two membranes was also explored. Moreover, we verified the above results by directly incubating proteins having different molecular weights onto PVDF or NC membranes. Bound proteins were stained with direct blue-71, and the staining intensity was quantitated by scanning and densitometry.

Systematic calculations of energy levels and transitions rates in Mo XXVIII

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Maofei Mei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Oscillator Strengths ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Electron Systems ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Qed Effects ◽  
Hyperfine Structures ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractComplete and consistent atomic data, including excitation energies, lifetimes, wavelengths, hyperfine structures, Landé gJ-factors and E1, E2, M1, and M2 line strengths, oscillator strengths, transitions rates are reported for the low-lying 41 levels of Mo XXVIII, belonging to the n = 3 states (1s22s22p6)3s23p3, 3s3p4, and 3s23p23d. High-accuracy calculations have been performed as benchmarks in the request for accurate treatments of relativity, electron correlation, and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in multi-valence-electron systems. Comparisons are made between the present two data sets, as well as with the experimental results and the experimentally compiled energy values of the National Institute for Standards and Technology wherever available. The calculated values including core-valence correction are found to be in a good agreement with other theoretical and experimental values. The present results are accurate enough for identification and deblending of emission lines involving the n = 3 levels, and are also useful for modeling and diagnosing plasmas.

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