Electronic Waste: Characterization of the Glass of Cathode Ray Tube Computer for Making Decorative Pieces by Recycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1525-1529
Author(s):  
N.M.O. Lima ◽  
Crislene Rodrigues da Silva Morais ◽  
L.M.R. Lima ◽  
A.V. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Strontium Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Cathode Ray Tube ◽  
Computer Monitors

The vigorous industrialization of the modern world and the incorporation of new consumption habits of society made appears electronic waste. This work had as objective to collect and characterize vitreous residues originating from Cathode Ray Tubes or, popularly, "image tubes", identified for the acronym CRT, which integrate computers monitors that will be recycled in the production of handicrafts. For its characterization were used techniques: X-Ray Fluorescence, Granulometric Analysis, X-Ray Diffraction. After analyses it was observed that glasses of the screen and of the funnel presented different chemical compositions, being silicium oxide (SiO2) the component of larger percentage in these glasses, 59.89% and 48.63%, for screen and funnel, respectively. Funnel presented 29.47% of lead oxide (PbO) while this oxide is absent in the screen. Screen presents significant amounts of barium oxide (10.75%) and strontium oxide (7.71%). Vitreous samples X-ray diffractions of residues of the funnel and the screen are to each other similar, presenting an amorphous band that indicates silica presence, with absence of crystalline phases. Through the presented results can be concluded that computer monitors CRTs has potential for be recycled, because present great amounts of SiO2, oxide that forms the vitreous net.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Crystal Chemistry of Elpidite, Na2Zr[Si6O15]·3H2O and (Na1+YCax□1−X−Y)Σ=2Zr[Si6O15]·(3−X)H2O, and Ab Initio Modeling of IR Spectra

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2160
Author(s):  
Alexander Bogdanov ◽  
Ekaterina Kaneva ◽  
Roman Shendrik
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Special Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Radioactive Species

Elpidite belongs to a special group of microporous zirconosilicates, which are of great interest due to their capability to uptake various molecules and ions, e.g., some radioactive species, in their structural voids. The results of a combined electron probe microanalysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the crystals of elpidite from Burpala (Russia) and Khan-Bogdo (Mongolia) deposits are reported. Some differences in the chemical compositions are observed and substitution at several structural positions within the structure of the compounds are noted. Based on the obtained results, a detailed crystal–chemical characterization of the elpidites under study was carried out. Three different structure models of elpidite were simulated: Na2ZrSi6O15·3H2O (related to the structure of Russian elpidite), partly Ca-replaced Na1.5Ca0.25ZrSi6O15·2.75H2O (close to elpidite from Mongolia), and a hypothetical CaZrSi6O15·2H2O. The vibration spectra of the models were obtained and compared with the experimental one, taken from the literature. The strong influence of water molecule vibrations on the shape of IR spectra of studied structural models of elpidite is discussed in the paper.

Purification of Bentonite Clays from Cubati, PB, Brazil, for Diversified Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
Juliana Melo Cartaxo ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
C.D. Silva ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
The State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The State of Paraíba, Brazil, retains about 88.5% of all Brazilian bentonite, and much of this production comes from deposits in the District of Boa Vista, PB. Nevertheless, the deposits are almost depleted. Recently, new deposits were found, which will increases the reserves of the State, in the regions of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, PB. The objective of this work is to characterize and develop purified clays, through sieving and hydrocycloning techniques, from those recently discovered bentonites for several applications. The characterization of the sample was done through granulometric analysis by laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The results show that the samples are typical of bentonite clays, and that the purification solely by hydrocyclone presents the best results.

Microstructure and Properties of Nanosemicrystalline Si3N4 Ceramics with Doped Sintering Additives: Part I. Microstructural Characterization of Nanosemicrystalline Si3N4 Powders

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2580-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ryu ◽  
J-M. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sintering Additives ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

The characteristics of nanosized silicon nitride powders with doped Y2O3 and Al2O3 fabricated by a plasma-reacted chemical process were investigated. The chemical compositions of the powders were analyzed by wet chemical analysis. The morphology and the size distribution were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to verify the existence of sintering additives in each individual particle. The crystal structure of the powders was identified by the selected area diffraction pattern (SADP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used for phase analysis and the measurement of degree of crystallinity. The characteristics of chemical bonding was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Purification of Bentonite Clays from the District of Cubati, PB, for Obtainment of Organoclays for Use in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1444-1450
Author(s):  
J.M.R. de Figueirêdo ◽  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The State ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The main deposits of bentonite clays are located in the district of Boa Vista, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The random exploration of these deposits for many years is causing the clays to be depleted, and this will turn into a serious problem to the national petroleum industry. So, this work aims to study the characterization of new deposits of bentonite clays in the district of Cubati, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, with the objective of developing purified organoclays, using a hydrocyclone, from ionic and non-ionic surfactants for use in drilling fluids. The characterization of the studied clay samples was done by applying the following techniques: granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (GA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (EDX) and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTA) analysis. The characterization is typical of bentonites and the dispersions present rheological properties which meet Petrobras’ specifications for diesel oil media, organofilized with Praepagen WB.

Preparation and Characterization of HGM-Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 Core-Shell Particles by Homogeneous Coprecipitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 745-746 ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yu ◽  
Jing Zhi Hu ◽  
Jian Hua Liu ◽  
Song Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Spinel Ferrite ◽  
Magnetic Film ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hollow Glass Microsphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coprecipitation Process ◽  
Shell Particles

HGM-Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 core-shell particles were prepared by plating Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 magnetic film on hollow glass microsphere (HGM) from the aqueous solution containing NiCl2·6H2O, FeCl2·4H2O, CoCl2·6H2O and HGMs without sintering. Urea was used as precipitator, and air was used as oxidizer in homogeneous coprecipitation process. The morphologies, phase structures, shell thickness, chemical compositions and magnetic performances of the core-shell particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The results showed that a compact and continuous film with thickness at about 250 nm was coated on the HGM by the homogeneous coprecipitation process. The film was spinel ferrite phase, and was determined as the Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and the coercivity (Hc) of as-synthesized HGM-Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 core-shell particles were 20.886emu/g and 97.174G, respectively.

Characterization of Diatomite, Leonardite and Pumice

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Atit Wannawek ◽  
Sakchai Satienperakul ◽  
Ratchadapon Putharod ◽  
Nattapol Laorodphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

This research studies compositions of diatomite, leonardite and pumice for utilization appropriate to the properties of materials. Chemical compositions of these materials were characterized by X–ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and energy dispersive X–ray spectrometry (EDXS). The silica was major component of these materials. The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diatomite was cylindrical in shape, leonardite was sheet or flake in shape and pumicewas prismatic in shape. The structure was studied by X–ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the mineral composition of diatomite, leonardite and pumice showed cristobalite low, quartz and anorthite, respectively. The functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infraredspectrometry (FTIR). The functional group of siloxane was obtained and dominated vibration in these materials. And the vibration of carboxylic, alcoholic and carbonyl groups were obtained in leonardite.

scholarly journals Development and Properties of New Mullite Based Refractory Grog

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
David Zemánek ◽  
Karel Lang ◽  
Lukáš Tvrdík ◽  
Dalibor Všianský ◽  
Lenka Nevřivová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Alumina Refractory ◽  
Refractory Aggregate

The presented study is focused on optimization and characterization of a high-alumina refractory aggregate based on natural raw materials—kaolins, claystone, and mullite dust by-product (used to increase the alumina and mullite contents, respectively). In total, four individual formulas with the Al2O3 contents between 45 and 50 wt.% were designed; the samples were subsequently fired, both in a laboratory oven and an industrial tunnel furnace. The effects of repeated firing were examined during industrial pilot tests. Mineral and chemical compositions and microstructures, of both the raw materials and designed aggregates, were thoroughly investigated by the means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and optical and scanning electron microscopies. Porosity, mineral composition, and mullite crystal-size development during the firing process were also studied. Based on the acquired results, the formula with the perspective to be used as a new mullite grog, featuring similar properties as the available commercial products, however, with reduced production expenses, was selected. The quality of grog determines to a large extent the properties of the final product. Hence, optimization of aggregates for specific refractories is of a great importance. The production of engineered aggregates provides the opportunity to utilize industrial by-products.

scholarly journals Analisis Mineralogi dan Kimia Dolomit Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Sufriadin Sufriadin ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Muhammad Rahmatul Jihad ◽  
Astina Aras ◽  
Angelia Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Selective Mining ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Characterization of dolomite samples from Bone Bolango, Gorontalo Province have been performed with the objective to find out their mineralogical and chemical compositions. Observation and mineral analyses were carried out by means of microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods respectively; whereas chemical composition was determined by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Result of XRD analysis shows that samples contain dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], calcite [CaCO3] and [SiO2]. The proportion of dolomite is about 60.4% in average and its presence is as replacement of calcite in bioclast components and matrices in the rock. Dolomite crystals are characterized by mosaic texture with euhedral – subhedral in shapes. Spacially, dolomite content increase from west to the east of study area. The XRF analysis reveals that dolomite samples contain MgO ranging between 8.07 and 20.78% while CaO ranges between 30.04 and 56.13%. The SiO2 concentration ranges from 3.50 – 7.55%; whereas Al2O3 ranges from 1.07 – 1.84%. The average MgO content of dolomite about 12.89% can be categorized as calcium dolomite. Dolomite within the study area can be used directly in agriculture sector, but it less suitable as raw materials in glass, ceramic and refractory industries because the average content of MgO is less than 17%. However, it can be increased of their MgO with the application of selective mining or beneficiation process.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF CLAY MATERIALS USED FOR POTTERY PURPOSES FROM RENDENG, MALO, BOJONEGORO

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Dyah Setyaningrum ◽  
Sujiat Sujiat ◽  
Aprilia Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Clay material from Rendeng, Malo, Bojonegoro was studied by mineralogy and physicochemical characterization to evaluate its potential suitability as a raw material in pottery application. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to establish the mineralogy composition. Meanwhile the physical properties were identified by particle size distribution and consistency limits. Chemical composition was carried out by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF).  The results of XRD characterization revealed that clay from Rendeng Village, Malo, Bojonegoro contained  kaolin, quartz, and feldspar. Physical characterization shows that clay material is a less plastic type based on Atterberg method. Based on the chemical compositions indicated that SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3 were abundance oxides. Therefore, clay from Desa Rendeng was only suitable for the pottery purposes because most of its mineral compositions did not meet the quality requirements for making advanced ceramics.

Preparation and Characterization of Cement-TiO2 Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Noosara Kaewgabkam ◽  
Nittaya Jaitanong ◽  
Suparut Narksitipan
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most widely used photocatalyst because of its high photocatalytic activity and reasonably low cost. Moreover, TiO2 has strong chemical stability in a large variety of environmental conditions. The combination of TiO2 with cementatious materials has been widely investigated, and the effects of the TiO2 contents (10-40% by weight) were studied in this research. The crystalline structures and chemical compositions were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Moreover, its microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the intensity of CS and CH decreased with an increase in the TiO2 powder content. This was because when adding more TiO2 powder to the composite system, more water was needed to add to the hydration reaction.

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