Study of Nanoferrites Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4 and Ni0,1Cu0,4Zn0,5Fe2O4 as Catalysts in the Methyl Transesterification of Soybean Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelda Dantas ◽  
J.R.D. Santos ◽  
F.N. Silva ◽  
A.S. Silva ◽  
A.C.F.M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Oil Derivatives

Research with emphasis on substitution of energy sources used in worldwide for renewable energy undoubtedly indicates that the use of biodiesel would be an option to increase the income in rural areas, reduction in oil derivatives spending and also new opportunities for job creation. Soon, in purpose to contribute with the research growth, this research proposes to evaluate the new catalysts performance as nanoferrites Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4 (pure) and Ni0,1Cu0,4Zn0,5Fe2O4 (doped with 0.4 mol of Cu2+) in transesterification reactions of soybean oil methyl. For both samples were synthesized by chemical method in the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction, using urea as a fuel source and a resistance heating coil. During synthesis were measured time and combustion temperature. Later they were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), textural analysis (BET) and subjected to catalytic tests bench. The reaction conditions used in the transesterification were: 10 g of oil, 2 h reaction time, molar ratio of 1:20 oil and alcohol, 4% (w/w) of catalyst and reaction temperature of 160°C. Finally, the reaction product was characterized for conversion into methyl esters by gas chromatography. Results has shown only the presence of the inverse spinel phase, characteristic of Ni-Zn ferrite for both samples, with crystallite size of 26 and 29 nm, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis has shown that samples are thermally stable, with a weight loss of 4.9 and 3.7%, respectively. The surface area and particle size were 48.89 m2g-1 and 23 nm, and 18.06 m2g-1 and 62 nm, respectively. The conversion results obtained by the transesterification reaction were 13 and 50% Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4 and Ni0,1Cu0,4Zn0,5Fe2O4, respectively, indicating that sample with presence of copper was 26% more effectively, thus being one promising catalyst for the transesterification reaction, which aims to obtain biodiesel.

scholarly journals USE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL (CEMENT CLINKER) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
SUNNY SONI ◽  
MADHU AGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Additional Demand ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel made from natural, renewable biological sources such as edible and non edible oils. Over the last years, biodiesel has gained more market due to its benefits and because it appears as the natural substitute for diesel. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Biodiesel was prepared from soybean oil by transesterification with methanol in the presence of cement clinker. Cement clinker was examined as a catalyst for a conversion of soybean oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). It can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel fuels from soybean oil because of high activity in the conversion and no leaching in the transesterification reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized. A study for optimizing the reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, and reaction time, was carried out. The catalyst cement clinker composition was characterized by XRF. The results demonstrate that the cement clinker shows high catalytic performance & it was found that the yield of biodiesel can reach as high as 84.52% after 1 h reaction at 65°C, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 21 wt% KOH/cement clinker as catalyst.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Katalis CaO dan Uji Aktivitas pada Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai

METANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Setiarto Pratigto ◽  
Istadi Istadi ◽  
Dyah Hesti Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Base Strength ◽  
Velocity Equation ◽  
High Base ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO dengan parameter rasio mol reaktan terhadap konversi metil ester yang digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan kecepatan reaksi. Katalis CaO digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi karena memiliki kekuatan basa yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, kelarutan yang rendah dalam metanol. Kinetika reaksi untuk reaktor batch dihitung saat reaksi berlangsung berdasarkan rejim surface area limited yang menentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk persamaan kecepatan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO menurut metode differential reactor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol dengan katalis CaO dengan variabel bebas perbandingan mol reaktan. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan metanol teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis dan trigliserida tidak teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis menunjukkan mekanisme reaksi katalitik Eley-Rideal. Persamaan kecepatan reaksi dapat digunakan dalam perancangan reaktor, sehingga hubungan antara konversi trigliserida menjadi biodiesel dengan kebutuhan berat katalis dan volume reaktor yang diperlukan dapat diprediksi. This study will examine the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol using a CaO catalyst with the parameters of the mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl esters used to determine the reaction velocity equation. CaO catalyst is used for transesterification reaction because it has high base strength, environmentally friendly, low solubility in methanol. The reaction kinetics for a batch reactor are calculated when the reaction takes place based on a decisive surface area limited regime. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape of the speed equation for the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst according to the differential reactor method. The research was carried out with the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol with a CaO catalyst with a free variable ratio of reactant moles. The results of the study revealed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed an Eley-Rideal catalytic reaction mechanism. The reaction speed equation can be used in reactor design, so the relationship between the conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel with the required catalyst weight and the reactor volume required can be predicted.

Characterization and Application of Catalysts Hard Green Clay and MoO3/ Hard Green Clay in Transesterification Reaction of Soybean Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Fabiana Medeiros do Nascimento Silva ◽  
Erivaldo Genuíno Lima ◽  
Tellys Lins de Almeida Barbosa ◽  
Meiry Gláucia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molybdenum Metal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Green Clay

The present study describes the preparation of catalyst MoO3 supported on smectite clay by the solution impregnation method and its evaluation as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel from soybean oil. The individual effects of catalyst (hard green clay and MoO3/hard green clay) on kinematic viscosity of produced biodiesel and conversion were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. Conditions of soybean oil transesterification were: 5% catalyst by weight, 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio, at 200 oC for 60 minutes. Patterns of X-ray diffraction showed the characteristic peaks of the structure of smectite. The results of X-ray diffraction suggests that MoO3 species exist as highly dispersed surface species. Molybdenum metal identified as effective catalysts for the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol. A preliminary design assessment show that this catalysts (MoO3/HGC) is sufficiently active achieving conversion in excess of 62,07% at temperature below 200 oC.

scholarly journals Study of Soybean Oil Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase and Its Application to Biodiesel Production via Hydroesterification

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa d'Avila Cavalcanti-Oliveira ◽  
Priscila Rufino da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Peçanha Ramos ◽  
Donato Alexandre Gomes Aranda ◽  
Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus Lipase ◽  
Niobic Acid

The process of biodiesel production by the hydroesterification route that is proposed here involves a first step consisting of triacylglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL 100L) to generate free fatty acids (FFAs). This step is followed by esterification of the FFAs with alcohol, catalyzed by niobic acid in pellets or without a catalyst. The best result for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis was obtained under reaction conditions of 50% (v/v) soybean oil and 2.3% (v/v) lipase (25 U/mL of reaction medium) in distilled water and at 60∘C; an 89% conversion rate to FFAs was obtained after 48 hours of reaction. For the esterification reaction, the best result was with an FFA/methanol molar ratio of 1:3, niobic acid catalyst at a concentration of 20% (w/w FFA), and 200∘C, which yielded 92% conversion of FFAs to soy methyl esters after 1 hour of reaction. This study is exceptional because both the hydrolysis and the esterification use a simple reaction medium with high substrate concentrations.

scholarly journals Methyl Esters Selectivity of Transesterification Reaction with Homogenous Alkaline Catalyst to Produce Biodiesel in Batch, Plug Flow, and Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Nasir ◽  
W. R. W. Daud ◽  
S. K. Kamarudin ◽  
Z. Yaakob
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst

Selectivity concept is essential in establishing the best operating conditions for attaining maximum production of the desired product. For complex reaction such as biodiesel fuel synthesis, kinetic studies of transesterification reaction have revealed the mechanism of the reaction and rate constants. The objectives of this research are to develop the kinetic parameters for determination of methyl esters and glycerol selectivity, evaluate the significance of the reverse reaction in transesterification reaction, and examine the influence of reaction characteristics (reaction temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio, and the amount of catalyst) on selectivity. For this study, published reaction rate constants of transesterification reaction were used to develop mathematical expressions for selectivities. In order to examine the base case and reversible transesterification, two calculation schemes (Case  1 and Case  2) were established. An enhanced selectivity was found in the base case of transesterification reaction. The selectivity was greatly improved at optimum reaction temperature (60°C), molar ratio (9 : 1), catalyst concentration (1.5 wt.%), and low free fatty acid feedstock. Further research might explore the application of selectivity for specifying reactor configurations.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Quick Lime and CaO as Catalysts of Safflower Oil Transesterification

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus N. Camacho ◽  
Reyna Natividad ◽  
Gabriel E. Galvan Muciño ◽  
Ivan García-Orozco ◽  
Ramiro Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
Process Cost ◽  
Tga Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This work aimed to contrast the performance of quicklime and CaO reagent grade as heterogeneous catalysts for the safflower oil transesterification reaction. Quicklime was characterized by TGA analysis, XRD, atomic absorption, nitrogen physisorption and by Hammett method. In the safflower transesterification reaction, four main variables were studied: addition reagents order, reagents dosage, type of catalyst and methanol-oil molar ratio. The addition reagents order was not found to be determinant on time for reaching equilibrium or maximum methyl esters yield. On the contrary, reagents dosage was found to negatively affect reaction rate and methyl esters yield. It was found that quicklime performs better than CaO and this was ascribed to an increased basicity found in the former. From the results can also be inferred that the use of quicklime as catalyst of the transesterification reaction allows the decrease of the process cost by reducing both, the reaction time and the required amount of alcohol.

scholarly journals Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of epoxidized soybean oil to prepare epoxy methyl esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
F. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Oxirane Oxygen ◽  
Epoxidized Soybean Oil ◽  
Novozym 435 ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Ping Pong

Epoxidized soybean oil methyl esters could be efficiently prepared with the transesterification of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) with a lower dosage of methanol using lipase Novozym 435 as catalyst. The optimum parameters were as follows: the molar ratio of 5:1 (methanol to ESBO), 5% Novozym 435 as catalyst, at 45 °C for 14 h, with a stirring speed of 600rpm, under which the epoxidized soybean oil methyl esters (ESBOME) could be obtained at a 95.7% yield. During the enzymatic transesterification process, the oxirane oxygen values were kept unchangeable, which indicated that excellent functional group tolerance could be achieved under such mild reaction conditions. In addition, the recyclability of the immobilized enzyme Novozym 435 in this transesterification process was examined and the results showed that the biocatalyst could be reused ten times without losing any reaction activity or selectivity. And the final products of ESBOME were also identified by IR and NMR analysis. The kinetic data obtained followed the Ping-Pong Bi mechanism model (Vmax = 6.132 mol·L-1min-1, Km,S = 0,0001 mol·L-1, Km, A = 796.148 mol·L-1, Ki, A = 0,0004 mol·L-1) with competitive inhibition by methanol.

scholarly journals Application of Activated Carbon to Obtain Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Edyta Narowska ◽  
Marek Kułażyński ◽  
Marcin Łukaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Beech Tree ◽  
Carbonaceous Catalyst ◽  
Oil Sunflower

The methanolysis of refined vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, corn oil and olive oil) using a heterogeneous carbonaceous catalyst was studied. Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from beech tree wood and used as the support for KOH and a lipase catalyst. The reactions were carried out for 1–4 h at 60 °C with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and 0.5–1.5 wt.% KOH/AC. In contrast, the biotransformation of vegetable oils was carried out for 24 h at 40 °C with an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 4:1 and 5 wt.% lipase/AC. The highest methanolysis yield (99%) for the fatty acid methyl esters was obtained for lipase/AC. These data show that activated carbon is a promising supporter for KOH as well as for lipase in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. The use of both catalysts in the transesterification reaction may improve biodiesel production. The lipase/AC enables the reduction in methanol excess and eliminates waste formation, whereas the saponification of triglycerides is scanty when KOH/AC is used.

scholarly journals Optimization Study in Biodiesel Production via Response Surface Methodology Using Dolomite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina C. R. Santos ◽  
Rômulo B. Vieira ◽  
Antoninho Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Calcium Leaching

A carbonate mineral, dolomite, was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce methyl-esters from soybean oil. The samples were analyzed by XRF, TGA, XRD, TPD-CO2, and SEM. The calcination of dolomite at 800°C/1 h resulted in a highly active mixed metal oxides. In addition, the influence of the reaction variables such as the temperature, catalyst amount, and methanol/soybean oil molar ratio in methyl-ester production was optimized by the application of a central composite design in conjunction with the response surface methodology (RSM). The XRF analysis is carried out after the reuses procedure which shows that the deactivation process is mainly due to the selective calcium leaching. Overall, the calcined dolomite exhibited high catalytic activity at moderate operating conditions for biodiesel production.

Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Carriers Supported KOH Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Mei Yang ◽  
Peng Mei Lv ◽  
Zhen Hong Yuan ◽  
Wen Luo ◽  
Hui Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
And Performance

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl eaters was found proceed in the presence of KOH loaded on five different oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Bentonite, kaolin) as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure and performance of these catalysts were studied using the techniques of XRD, CO2-TPD, and SEM. It was found that the 15wt% KOH/CaO catalyst provided best activity. In the presence of this catalyst, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters was 97.1%. The reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to soybean oil molar ratio was 16:1, temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 1 h, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt%. The catalysts of KOH loaded on CaO showed a new crystalline phase of K2O. However, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has more basic sites than the catalyst of 15-KOH/MgO. Therefore, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has been associated with higher transesterification activity.

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