Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/Palm Kernel Shell Biocomposites: Effects of Amino Silane (APTES)

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Murad Salem Mohamed Omar ◽  
Hui Lin Ong ◽  
Hazizan Md Akil ◽  
N.A. Nik Nur Azza ◽  
M. Muhammad Safwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Amino Silane ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Hot Melt

Effects of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as coupling agent on thermal properties of Polypropylene/Palm Kernal Shell (PP/PKS) biocomposites were studied. PKS with different filler loading (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt %) were added into polypropylene matrix and were compounded using hot melt blending method. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) result shows a higher thermal stability of amino silane modified fillers (10% filler loading). Percentage of crystallinity for PP/PKS composites increased after adding amino silane due to better dispersion of filler and the ability of coupling agent to enhance compatibility between PKS and polypropylene hence it increases the nucleation site.

Utilization of Modified Palm Kernel Shell for Biocomposites Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Lin Ong ◽  
Toh Guat Yee ◽  
N.A. Nik Nur Azza ◽  
M. Muhammad Safwan ◽  
Al Rey Villagracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Amino Silane ◽  
Water Absorbability ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Biocomposite Material

A comprehensive study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of untreated and treated palm kernel shell (PKS) as filler into the polypropylene (PP) matrix at different filler loading (5 wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, and 25wt%) to form a biocomposite material. Surface modification of PKS surface was made by treating it with 2wt% of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling agent. The efficiency of treated PKS and non-treated PKS were assessed based on its tensile and flexural properties, water absorbability, and surface morphology. The biocomposites were prepared using Brabender Plastograph internal mixer at processing temperature of 180°C and rotor speed of 60rpm. Results showed that the treated PKS/PP has better mechanical properties with less water absorption than non-treated PKS/PP and neat PP. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface images of the treated PKS/PP biocomposites showed stronger interaction between filler and matrix due to surface modification. The Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed the changes in the functional groups of the treated PKS indicating an effective surface modification using amino silane. It was concluded that the addition of amino silane treated palm kernel shell as filler/additives into PP matrix offers better properties on tensile, flexural and water absorbility of the biocomposites.

Palm Kernel Shell Filled Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Filler Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadiatul Husna ◽  
Bee Ying Lim ◽  
H. Salmah ◽  
Chun Hong Voon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Palm kernel shells (PKS) filled recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) biocomposites were produced using melt mixing. The biocomposites were prepared on Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 185 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm by varying filler loading (0 to 40 phr). In this study, the effect of PKS loading on rheological properties and thermal stability of rHDPE/PKS were investigated. Rheological study of the biocomposites was carried out by means of capillary rheometer under temperature of 190 °C, 200 °C and 210 °C. Thermal properties of biocomposites were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The rheological results showed that the flowability of the composite increased with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, the result of TGA showed that at higher PKS loading, rHDPE/PKS biocomposites had lower total weight loss. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was reduced due to the addition of filler loading.

A Study on the Rheological Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene/Palm Kernel Shell Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.Y. Lim ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Pei Leng Teh
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

The rheological properties of the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/palm kernel shell (PKS) composites were studied by using a melt flow indexer. The silane treated and untreated composites were investigated. Both of the composites were further varied by amount of filler loading from 10 to 40 php. The testing temperature of composites varied from 180 to 210 °. It was found out that the MFI values of the composites increased with temperature but decreased with a rise of filler loading. The treated LDPE/PKS composites exhibited lower MFI values compared to untreated composites, which indicated the increase of viscosity. Thus, a better adhesion between the LDPE matrix and PKS was established. The effect of temperature on the viscosity of LDPE/PKS composites was found to obey the Arrhenius equation. The results showed that the activation energy of the composites increased with the increase of filler loading. However, at similar filler loading, the silane treated composites showed lower activation energy compared to untreated composites, leading to the reduction of their temperature sensitivity.

scholarly journals Studies on the Physicochemical and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Activated Palm Kernel Shell blended with Carbon Black filled NR Vulcanizates

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dosu Malomo ◽  
Abdulhakeem D Olasupo ◽  
Abayomi M Adesigbin ◽  
Owen Egharevba ◽  
Sulaiman O Adewuyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Palm kernel shell was activated using chemical activation of H3PO4 and KOH. Various amounts of activated palm kernel shell (APKS) couple with carbon black (CB) and other conventional ingredients were used to produce natural rubber vulcanizates (NR vulcanizates). The NR vulcanizates were compounded on a two-row mill and tested for its physico-mechanical properties. The results for characterization of physicochemical properties carried out on APKS  were ash content (2.06%), moisture content (8.06%), %carbon (54.41%), particle size (4.00, 3.35, 2.00, 1.18mm), bulk density (0.62g/ml) and pH (5.3).The results show significant values for all, the moisture and ash content were within the recommended standard of ASTM (3-10max) and (< or =8) respectively. The filler loading concentrations CB/APKS were labeled as mixes 1 to 7. The composition of CB/APKS filler loading ratios were 30:0, 25:5, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20, 5:25, and 0:30 samples 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 respectively. Results obtained showed that CB/APKS filled vulcanizates exhibited improvement in the physico-mechanical properties investigated. The results obtained for CB/APKS across the samples filler loading shows that CB composition possess higher UTS, EB and rubber fatigue test while APKS filler loading composition exhibited higher hardness and young modulus. Abrasion resistance was excellent for both CB and APKS filler loading composition.Keywords: Activated Palm Kernel Shell, filler, carbon black, Chemical Activation, Natural Rubber.

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