Utilization of Municipal Sludge in the Calcination of Cement Clinker

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 546-551
Author(s):  
Qi Gang Zhao ◽  
Zuo Ren Nie ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Ya Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Sludge Recycling

Using the sludge of sewage treatment plant to calcine cement clinker is a new method and is confirmed on the international to utilize city sludge recycling and harmlessly. In this work the test of the raw material burnability, cement clinker mineral composition and petrographic analysis were used to study microscopic characteristics of clinker, to analysis of the effect of sludge performance of cement clinker calcination. It was found that when sludge were as a raw material for calcining cement clinker, best city sludge content was around 15% ~ 20%. With an improvement of lime saturation coefficient, the burnability of raw material declined. The mineral composition of sludge clinker was the same as that of the conventional Portland clinker, while mineral structure and morphology of the sludge clinker were better.

Thermal Decomposition Characteristics and Drying Process of Municipal Sludge

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 2464-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Gang Zhao ◽  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Zuo Ren Nie ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Clinker Production

Using cement kiln dispose sludge from sewage plants can achieve the sludge stabilization, harmless, reduction and resource comprehensive utilization purposes. This is Not only to solve the problem of sludge treatment which is difficult to solve by sewage treatment plant, but also to make full use of the sewage treatment plant sludge to replace part of cement clinker production materials. And it makes full use of sludge incineration emitted in the process of low calorific value. Municipal sludge contains more moisture. It is necessary to dry the sludge outside the kiln before entering kiln process. As cement kiln co-processing, it should be combined with the characteristics of NSP clinker production, it is necessary to not only consider the total energy consumption of the drying process, but also the re-use of dried sludge heat value, as well as consider the total of water into the kiln by drying sludge affecting the whole clinker production process. In this paper, with the initial solid content 20%, dry heating value 3400 cal/g sludge as a research object, the moisture morphology, thermal characteristics, drying technological parameters and composition of water after drying in sludge were analysed. This issue combines sludge drying with cement kiln disposal, which can not only solve the heat and odor problem during the individual sludge drying process, but also provide a theoretical basis for cement kilns co-disposal of municipal sewage sludge to achieve the purposes of sludge stabilization, harmless, minimization and resource utilization.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

Toxicity assays and their evaluation on organic polymer flocculants used for municipal sludge dewatering

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takigami ◽  
N. Taniguchi ◽  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
S. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Algal Toxicity ◽  
Reproduction Tests

The toxicity of organic polymer flocculants used for the dewatering of municipal sludge was evaluated by using two different toxicity assays: the Closterium ehrenbergii algal toxicity test and the Bacillus subtilis rec-assay. The algal toxicity of the effluents from a pilot-scale sewage treatment plant was investigated with and without the addition of a flocculant (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/L). No clear evidence on the toxicity caused by the flocculant was observed on both asexual and sexual reproduction tests of C. ehrenbergii. It was also found that the algal growth inhibition of various types of flocculants (i.e., cationic, anionic, amphoionic and non-ionic) was in the order of 1 to 20 mg/L, which was mainly due to a molecular weight (MW) fraction of greater than 100,000. The results of the B. subtilis rec-assay for these flocculants indicated that eight out of ten cationic flocculants caused the direct DNA damage with LC50 =0.1 to 10 mg/L. One of the genotoxic flocculants was also fractionated into their components by MW. The experimental results showed that the lethal effects were mainly contributed by the polymer fraction of MW greater than 100,000, although the genotoxicity was not detected in that fraction. Therefore, the detected genotoxicity of the flocculants could be caused by the combined effects of various components, such as polymers, oligomers, monomers and additives.

Future proof decentralised sludge recycling Elodry-pro®

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-848
Author(s):  
B. Geraats ◽  
M. Parnowska ◽  
L. Kox
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nox Formation

Abstract At Linz-Unkel (Germany) sewage treatment plant the first full scale state-of-art EloDry-Pro® plant for sewage sludge has been constructed, consisting of the PYREG® reactor and the EloDry® belt dryer. The system is characterised by small footprint, flexibility, modular design and efficient energy management. The sludge dried using an EloDry® belt dryer undergoes staged combustion using the PYREG® module at around 6,500°C. This reduces the sludge to a fraction of its original volume while disinfecting it and removing micro-pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. The residual ash, which has a high percentage of plant-available phosphorus, is then supplied to the fertiliser industry as a recycled raw material. The working principle of EloDry-Pro® installation, including heat flows of the system, is presented. The paper describes Pyreg®'s advanced emission control systems, preventing NOx formation and removing harmful substances such as mercury and sulphur. The EloDry-Pro® technology is an innovative and cost-effective approach to decentralised thermal recycling of sewage sludge. Both sewage sludge volumes and transportation costs are reduced by up to 90%, therefore making it a low carbon cost-effective alternative to the transportation of sludge and allowing local sludge processing at plants under 100 k population.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of the Biogas Plant Operation Depending on the Substrate Used

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Janina Piekutin ◽  
Monika Puchlik ◽  
Michał Haczykowski ◽  
Katarzyna Dyczewska
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Management ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Real Scale

The study aimed to assess the most efficient solution of raw material management in selected biogas plants into the concept of circular economy and evaluate the most efficient solution of raw material management in selected biogas plants due to the quality and quantity of the feed and the final product obtained, which is biogas, as well at the closed circulation (circular economy). The study evaluated two agricultural biogas plants on a real scale and one at the sewage treatment plant (in real scale) in northeastern Poland. A year-long study showed that in technical terms, the best work efficiency is achieved by agricultural biogas plants processing: silage, manure, apple pomace, potato pulp (biogas plant No. 1), followed by biogas plant No. 3 processing chicken manure, decoction, cattle manure, poultry slaughterhouse waste (sewage sludge, flotate, feathers), and finally, the lowest efficiency biogas plant was No. 2, the sewage treatment plant, which stabilized sewage sludge in the methane fermentation process. Moreover, based on the results, it was found that agricultural biogas gives the best efficiency in energy production from 1 ton of feed.

Simultaneous Pasteurization – Digestion (SPD-Process)

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 739-748
Author(s):  
G Kugel
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Submerged Combustion

As part of the regional sludge disposal system of recycling to land, which is integrated into the Niers river basin management of the Niersverband, FRG, pasteurization is done in combination with the anaerobical stabilisation of sludge in order to ensure a long-term agricultural disposal with respect to hygienic hazards which is in general much less expensive than any other alternative sludge handling and disposal. During the past 15 years of Niersverband activity in liquid sludge recycling pasteurization has been done after digestion, mostly by flash heating along the CANZLER process with steam. Alternative heating by submerged combustion here has been proved reliable after nearly 10 years experience of several installations of this kind for raw sludge pasteurization with oil fuel supply. Submerged combustion heating with digestion gas supply has been running at a medium sized sewage treatment plant (100.000 population equivalents) during the past two years. The pasteurization, which was first done after digestion, was now successfully put in front of the anaerobical stabilisation with sufficient gas yield, organic matter degradation, and stable low concentration of organic acids (CH3 COOH) in the digester at a positive gas energy balance.

Basic investigation on the chemical forms of heavy metals in a sewage treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Morita ◽  
H. Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Basic Study

Sewage sludge mainly consists of organic matter, and it is rich in nutrients. Therefore, sewage sludge is beneficial as an energy resource and as a raw material for fertilizer. However, heavy metals in it are the obstacle to utilization of sludge. This study was conducted in order to know the chemical forms of heavy metals and their behavior in a sewage treatment plant as a basic study for development of technology to reduce heavy metals in sludge. Chemical methods and biological methods, such as extraction using acid, bacteria leaching, are applied to reduce heavy metals. In using these methods, the efficiency depends on the chemical forms of heavy metals. From this point of view, factors, which affect the chemical forms of heavy metals, were investigated through the survey at some plants of different conditions. Besides, experiments on the anaerobic digestion process, in which the chemical forms of heavy metals were expected to change, were conducted. As the results of these studies, it was found that the chemical forms of heavy metals and their behavior vary according to the species of heavy metals. In comparison of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), Cu was found to be changed most easily into a stable chemical form such as carbonate and sulfide. Zn was the second to Cu in its tendency to be stabilized. As for Ni, the tendency was further less than Zn.

scholarly journals Speciation Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sludge of Huainan, China

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6711
Author(s):  
Mu You ◽  
Yunhu Hu ◽  
Yule Yan ◽  
Jie Yao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Municipal Sludge

In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in the dewatered sludge of Huainan Municipal sewage treatment plant, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed, and the content and occurrence forms of heavy metals (As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in the sludge were studied using the geological accumulation method (Igeo), risk assessment coding method (RAC), and potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the ecological risk. The results showed that the municipal sludge in Huainan was rich in nutrients, with good prospects for agricultural utilization. There were differences in the morphological distributions of different heavy metals. The Igeo values for Ni, As, Cr, and Pb were below 0. The results of RAC indicated that the risk level of Cr in sludge was a low risk, and those of other heavy metals were moderate risks. The potential ecological risk of Cd had the highest potential ecological risk, and the other six metals were of low ecological risk. This conclusion can provide basic data and a theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of sludge in sewage treatment plants.

Using Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge for Porous Ceramics Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dace Krivane ◽  
Kaspars Bondars ◽  
Jekaterina Savikina ◽  
Aleksandrs Korjakins
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

The paper discusses the EU directive and the rules for disposing of sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge and storage conditions that have been adopted, it does not fully cover possible use of STP sludge for industrial purposes. One of the ways of reducing amount of sludge is treatment of this waste for further application as additive or raw material for producing building materials. Manufacturing of porous ceramic materials from local raw materials (e.g. clay) using water treatment sludge and sawdust as combustible filler is possible. In order to reduce the sludge humidity, freezing method was used, where sludge give away more loose water in the process of thawing. It was proved during the research that sewage treatment plant sludge can be used to make porous ceramic materials.

The Structure and Performance of Sludge Activated Carbon with ZnCl2 as Activator

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Lin Huan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Long Gong ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
An Xi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
And Performance

In this paper we used the excess sludge of municipal sewage treatment plant as raw material, ZnCl2 as activator, and adopted the traditional activated carbon production process to prepare sludge activated carbon adsorbent. Then characterized the structure and determined the performance of sludge activated carbon adsorbent prepared at the activation temperature of 600°C, in a period of 90min, N2 as protecting gas, in a ratio of dry sludge and activator of 5:2. The results show that sludge activated carbon adsorbent with ZnCl2 as activator has the adsorption performance through the evidence of BET, SEM and XRD. The maximal iodine value of the adsorbent is more than 380 mg/g, and it has good adsorption performance for H2S. And there is good correlation between the structure and the performance of sludge activated carbon adsorbent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document