scholarly journals The Efficiency of the Biogas Plant Operation Depending on the Substrate Used

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Janina Piekutin ◽  
Monika Puchlik ◽  
Michał Haczykowski ◽  
Katarzyna Dyczewska
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Management ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Real Scale

The study aimed to assess the most efficient solution of raw material management in selected biogas plants into the concept of circular economy and evaluate the most efficient solution of raw material management in selected biogas plants due to the quality and quantity of the feed and the final product obtained, which is biogas, as well at the closed circulation (circular economy). The study evaluated two agricultural biogas plants on a real scale and one at the sewage treatment plant (in real scale) in northeastern Poland. A year-long study showed that in technical terms, the best work efficiency is achieved by agricultural biogas plants processing: silage, manure, apple pomace, potato pulp (biogas plant No. 1), followed by biogas plant No. 3 processing chicken manure, decoction, cattle manure, poultry slaughterhouse waste (sewage sludge, flotate, feathers), and finally, the lowest efficiency biogas plant was No. 2, the sewage treatment plant, which stabilized sewage sludge in the methane fermentation process. Moreover, based on the results, it was found that agricultural biogas gives the best efficiency in energy production from 1 ton of feed.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

Future proof decentralised sludge recycling Elodry-pro®

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-848
Author(s):  
B. Geraats ◽  
M. Parnowska ◽  
L. Kox
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nox Formation

Abstract At Linz-Unkel (Germany) sewage treatment plant the first full scale state-of-art EloDry-Pro® plant for sewage sludge has been constructed, consisting of the PYREG® reactor and the EloDry® belt dryer. The system is characterised by small footprint, flexibility, modular design and efficient energy management. The sludge dried using an EloDry® belt dryer undergoes staged combustion using the PYREG® module at around 6,500°C. This reduces the sludge to a fraction of its original volume while disinfecting it and removing micro-pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. The residual ash, which has a high percentage of plant-available phosphorus, is then supplied to the fertiliser industry as a recycled raw material. The working principle of EloDry-Pro® installation, including heat flows of the system, is presented. The paper describes Pyreg®'s advanced emission control systems, preventing NOx formation and removing harmful substances such as mercury and sulphur. The EloDry-Pro® technology is an innovative and cost-effective approach to decentralised thermal recycling of sewage sludge. Both sewage sludge volumes and transportation costs are reduced by up to 90%, therefore making it a low carbon cost-effective alternative to the transportation of sludge and allowing local sludge processing at plants under 100 k population.

Co-digestion of organic solid waste and sludge from sewage treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Edelmann ◽  
H. Engeli ◽  
M. Gradenecker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Vegetable Wastes

Solid organic wastes were codigested together with sludge of a sewage treatment plant (STP). In the practical part of the study, a plant to pretreat the organic solid wastes provided by local super markets was constructed at the STP of Frutigen, Switzerland. Up to more than 1 cubic metre of wastes was added to the fermenter of the STP every day. Data collected during 14 months of practical works, showed that for raw fruit and vegetable wastes a two step pretreatment is necessary: First the wastes were chopped and afterwards reduced to a size of 1-2 millimetres, in order to get a homogeneous suspension together with the primary sludge. The vegetable wastes showed excellent digestibility: They seemed to accelerate the digestion process as well as to increase the degree of the anaerobic degradation of the sludge. The energy demand for both, pretreatment and digestion, was 85 kWh/ton of fresh wastes. 20% of the energy was used for the hygienization, a step which does not seem to be necessary for this kind of waste in most of the cases, however. After using the gas for energy conversion, a net yield of 65 kWh/ton of electricity and 166 kWh/ton of heat was measured. Treating cooked kitchen wastes, the net energy production will be higher, because in this case a one step pretreatment will be sufficient. The pretreatment and treatment costs for codigestion on STP's were calculated to be in the range of 55 US$/ton treating half a ton per day and 39 US$/ton treating one ton, respectively. A theoretical feasibility study showed that in Switzerland there is a short term potential on STP's for the codigestion of about 120,000 tons of biogenic wastes per year without big investments. Economic studies about codigestion on agricultural biogas plants showed that the codigestion is a must at the current energy prices, which are far too low for agricultural AD without an additional income by treating solid wastes for third parties.

PROCESSING OF AGRO-WASTES IN THE LIGHT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (6) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Alina Dereszewska ◽  
Stanisław Cytawa
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Principle Of Maximum ◽  
Agricultural Waste Management

The article discusses the procedures of agricultural waste management in the context of the principle of maximum closed loop for organic compounds. The concept of regional agro-waste economy is presented taking into account existing technological solutions including agricultural biogas plants as well as biogas plants located at sewage treatment plants. The biogas potential for agricultural waste co-fermented with primary sludge of the ‘Swarzewo’ wastewater treatment plant was estimated.

Basic investigation on the chemical forms of heavy metals in a sewage treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Morita ◽  
H. Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Basic Study

Sewage sludge mainly consists of organic matter, and it is rich in nutrients. Therefore, sewage sludge is beneficial as an energy resource and as a raw material for fertilizer. However, heavy metals in it are the obstacle to utilization of sludge. This study was conducted in order to know the chemical forms of heavy metals and their behavior in a sewage treatment plant as a basic study for development of technology to reduce heavy metals in sludge. Chemical methods and biological methods, such as extraction using acid, bacteria leaching, are applied to reduce heavy metals. In using these methods, the efficiency depends on the chemical forms of heavy metals. From this point of view, factors, which affect the chemical forms of heavy metals, were investigated through the survey at some plants of different conditions. Besides, experiments on the anaerobic digestion process, in which the chemical forms of heavy metals were expected to change, were conducted. As the results of these studies, it was found that the chemical forms of heavy metals and their behavior vary according to the species of heavy metals. In comparison of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), Cu was found to be changed most easily into a stable chemical form such as carbonate and sulfide. Zn was the second to Cu in its tendency to be stabilized. As for Ni, the tendency was further less than Zn.

Using Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge for Porous Ceramics Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dace Krivane ◽  
Kaspars Bondars ◽  
Jekaterina Savikina ◽  
Aleksandrs Korjakins
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

The paper discusses the EU directive and the rules for disposing of sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge and storage conditions that have been adopted, it does not fully cover possible use of STP sludge for industrial purposes. One of the ways of reducing amount of sludge is treatment of this waste for further application as additive or raw material for producing building materials. Manufacturing of porous ceramic materials from local raw materials (e.g. clay) using water treatment sludge and sawdust as combustible filler is possible. In order to reduce the sludge humidity, freezing method was used, where sludge give away more loose water in the process of thawing. It was proved during the research that sewage treatment plant sludge can be used to make porous ceramic materials.

The Structure and Performance of Sludge Activated Carbon with ZnCl2 as Activator

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Lin Huan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Long Gong ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
An Xi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
And Performance

In this paper we used the excess sludge of municipal sewage treatment plant as raw material, ZnCl2 as activator, and adopted the traditional activated carbon production process to prepare sludge activated carbon adsorbent. Then characterized the structure and determined the performance of sludge activated carbon adsorbent prepared at the activation temperature of 600°C, in a period of 90min, N2 as protecting gas, in a ratio of dry sludge and activator of 5:2. The results show that sludge activated carbon adsorbent with ZnCl2 as activator has the adsorption performance through the evidence of BET, SEM and XRD. The maximal iodine value of the adsorbent is more than 380 mg/g, and it has good adsorption performance for H2S. And there is good correlation between the structure and the performance of sludge activated carbon adsorbent.

scholarly journals Real-scale comparison between simple and composite raw sewage sampling

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Scalize ◽  
Juliana Moraes Frazão
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
The City ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Composite Samples

Abstract The present study performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the raw sewage collected at the entrance of the sewage treatment station of the city of Itumbiara, state of Goiás. Samples were collected every two hours over a period of seven consecutive days. Characterization of both point samples and composite samples was performed. The parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, electric conductivity, total phosphorus, settleable solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and turbidity. These results allowed us to verify that it is possible to perform the collection and analysis of a point sample, instead of a composite sample, as a way of monitoring the efficiency of a sewage treatment plant.

Energy use of biogas generated in a sewage treatment plant: potential to reduce eletricity costs and atmospheric emissions in northeast Brazil

Interação ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-444
Author(s):  
Tuane Nascimento Mendes Aragão ◽  
Gustavo Rafael Collere Possetti ◽  
Ícaro Thiago Andrade Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories

This research aimed to evaluate the management of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and the existing biogas plant. A mathematical model was used to analyze the behavior of methane, biogas production and energy generation potential for a period of three years at the Jacuípe II Treatment Plant, located in northeastern Brazil. If the biogas plant were in operation, it would be possible to obtain autonomy for energy generation in the years 2016 and 2018. Greenhouse Gas Inventories - GHG, situational diagnosis of the biogas plant and scenario of financial losses with the deactivation of the plant were prepared. The results revealed that the emission of 1,958.38 tCH4 could have been avoided with the use of an energy generator (85% less than that emitted) or 1,151.99 tCH4 (50% less than emitted), if combustion by burner/flare. In addition, the financial loss due to the inactivity of the biogas plant resulted in US$ 154,162.38, about 67% of the actual energy expenditure of the plant in the period from 2016 to 2018. The reactivation of the biogas plant present in this station will bring environmental benefits, since the emission of GHG will be mitigated, in addition to financial benefits, since the energy use of biogas in the plant will provide a reduction in the expenses with electricity from STP Jacuípe II, in line with the aspects of sustainability.

Utilization of Municipal Sludge in the Calcination of Cement Clinker

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 546-551
Author(s):  
Qi Gang Zhao ◽  
Zuo Ren Nie ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Ya Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Sludge Recycling

Using the sludge of sewage treatment plant to calcine cement clinker is a new method and is confirmed on the international to utilize city sludge recycling and harmlessly. In this work the test of the raw material burnability, cement clinker mineral composition and petrographic analysis were used to study microscopic characteristics of clinker, to analysis of the effect of sludge performance of cement clinker calcination. It was found that when sludge were as a raw material for calcining cement clinker, best city sludge content was around 15% ~ 20%. With an improvement of lime saturation coefficient, the burnability of raw material declined. The mineral composition of sludge clinker was the same as that of the conventional Portland clinker, while mineral structure and morphology of the sludge clinker were better.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document