Bimodal Particle Reinforcement for Wear Resistant Powder Metallurgy Steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 1001-1008
Author(s):  
Antonio Gianessi ◽  
Christian Gierl-Mayer ◽  
Herbert Danninger
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbide Particles ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ball Bearing Steel

Reinforcement of powder metallurgy steels with fused tungsten carbide (FTC) has been shown to improve the wear resistance under certain loading conditions. A weakness is however the low hardness of the matrix, which results in selective wearing of the matrix between the carbide particles, i.e. “washing-out” effects. In the present study, in a first round fine metallic or carbidic particles were added to the iron-graphite powder mix, and the blends were die compacted and sintered in protective atmosphere. The specimens were then tested under different wear loads. It showed that also metallic powders added were transformed into carbides during sintering, thus resulting in reinforcement by fine carbides. Since Mo alloying proved to be most effective with regard to hardness and strength, specimens Fe-3%Mo-0.8%C reinforced with 20% coarse FTC (all in mass%) were sintered and tested according to ASTM G65, Continuous Impact Abrasion and dry sliding against ball bearing steel. It showed that Mo addition had quite pronounced positive effect on the G65 erosion resistance and, somewhat less, on dry sliding, while wear resistance in CIAT was less affected; the basic wear mechanisms however remained unchanged.

scholarly journals Effect of Necklace-Type Distribution of SiC Particles on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of As-Cast AZ91D/SiCp Composites

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Sun ◽  
Nannan Lu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Xiaoshi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Interface Bonding ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
The Matrix

In this study, the dry sliding wear behaviors of SiC particle reinforced AZ91D matrix composites fabricated by stirring casting method were systematically investigated. The SiC particles in as-cast composites exhibited typical necklace-type distribution, which caused the weak interface bonding between SiC particles and matrix in particle-segregated zones. During dry sliding at higher applied loads, SiC particles were easy to debond from the matrix, which accelerated the wear rates of the composites. While at the lower load of 10 N, the presence of SiC particles improved the wear resistance. Moreover, the necklace-type distribution became more evident with the decrease of particle sizes and the increase of SiC volume fractions. Larger particles had better interface bonding with the matrix, which could delay the transition of wear mechanism from oxidation to delamination. Therefore, composites reinforced by larger SiC particles exhibited higher wear resistance. Similarly, owing to more weak interfaces in the composites with high content of SiC particles, more severe delamination occurred and the wear resistance of the composites was impaired.

Dry sliding wear behaviour of sub-zero processed Cr–V ledeburitic steel Vanadis 6 against three counterpart types

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 894-907
Author(s):  
Venu Yarasu ◽  
Leo Janka ◽  
Peter Jurčia
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Austenitizing Temperature ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Sliding Wear Behaviour ◽  
Ball Bearing Steel

Abstract The effect of sub-zero treatments on dry sliding wear performance of Vanadis 6 tool steel was investigated by pin-ondisc tests against three counterpart types: alumina, 100Cr6 ball bearing steel, and CuSn6 bronze. The microstructure of the examined steel consists of tempered martensitic matrix with very small amounts of retained austenite, and three carbide types. Sub-zero treatments increase the carbides count. The hardness of the steel increases with increasing the austenitizing temperature but slightly decreases with the application of sub-zero treatments. Sub-zero treatments affect the wear performance of the Vanadis 6 steel when tempered at the secondary hardening peak as follows: almost no effect of this kind of treatment was detected when alumina was used as a counterpart but moderate amelioration was recorded when either 100Cr6 steel or CuSn6 bronze was used in the sliding couple. This behaviour is attributed to the combined effect of hardness variations and changes in population density of carbides, due to application of sub-zero treatment.

Experimental Study on Wear Test of Grind-Hardened Layer

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Wei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses ◽  
40Cr Steel

40Cr steel was grind-hardened on a surface grinder. The microstructure, wear resistance and wear mechanism of the grind-hardened layer were studied. The results indicate that the grind-hardened layer consists of the lath martensite and twin martensite, dislocation density is higher in the lath martensite. The microhardness is up to 670 HV0.5 and the compressive residual stresses exist in the grind-hardened layer. Compared with the matrix, the wear resistance of the grind-hardened layer is increased by 6-11 times. The wear mechanisms of the grind-hardened layer are characterized abrasive and oxidation under dry sliding conditions.

Investigation of tribological and mechanical properties of aluminium boron carbide composites using response surface methodology and desirability analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Canute ◽  
M.C. Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Desirability Analysis ◽  
Carbide Particles

Purpose Aluminium metal matrix composites are used in automotive and aerospace industries because of their high performance and weight reduction benefits. The current investigation aims to focus on the development of the stir cast aluminium-boron carbide composites with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. Design/methodology/approach The aluminium-boron carbide composites are produced by stir casting process. Aluminium alloy A356 is chosen as the matrix material and three sets of composites are produced with different weight fractions of boron carbide particles. Higher particle size (63 µm) of boron carbide is chosen as the reinforcement material. Aluminium-boron carbide composites are tested for mechanical and tribological properties. The effect of process parameters like load, speed and percentage of reinforcement on the wear rate are studied using the pin-on-disc method. The interaction of the process parameters with the wear rate is analysed by DesignExpert software using RSM methodology and desirability analysis. The coded levels for parameters for independent variables used in the experimental design are arranged according to the central composite design. The worn surface of the pin is examined using a scanning electron microscope. The phases and reaction products of the composites are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Findings Aluminium-boron carbide composites reveal better mechanical properties compared to monolithic aluminium alloys. Mechanical properties improved with the addition of strontium-based master alloy Al10Sr. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness and compressive strength increase with an increase in the reinforcement content. The wettability of the boron carbide particles in the matrix improved with the addition of potassium flurotitanate to the melt. Uniform dispersion of particles into the alloy during melting is facilitated by the addition of magnesium. Wear resistance is optimal at 8 per cent of boron carbide with a load 20 N and sliding speed of 348 RPM. The wear rate is optimized by the numerical optimization method using desirability analysis. The amount of wear is less in Al-B4C composites when compared to unreinforced aluminium alloy. The wear rate increases with an increase in load and decreases with the sliding speed. The wear resistance increases with an increase in the weight fraction of the boron carbide particles. Practical implications The produced Al-B4C composites can retain properties at high temperature. It is used in nuclear and automotive products owing its high specific strength and stiffness. The main applications are neutron absorbers, armour plates, high-performance bicycles, brake pads, sand blasting nozzles and pump seals. Originality/value Al/B4C composites have good potential in the development of wear-resistant products.

The Effects of Adding TiC Powders to VANADIS 4 Tool Steel by HIP Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Hsien Chang ◽  
Tzu Piao Tang ◽  
Jhewn Kuang Chen ◽  
Chung Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
New Material

In this study, the commercial VANADIS 4 (V-4) tool steel powders with sifting classification below 25 μm to be the matrix with fine titanium carbide (TiC) powder to produce a new material with high hardness and wear resistance, via powder metallurgy, sintering and HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) process. Experimental results showed that the TRS of original V-4 steel powder was 678.5 MPa, but below 25 μm of V-4 steel powder adding 35 wt% TiC enhanced to 868.6 MPa through 1673 K sintered. Beside, the hardness increased to HRA 86.2, TRS reached 1059.3 MPa, and porosity decreased to 1.0% of the V-4 steel powders (below 25 μm) added 35 wt% TiC after 1673 K sintered and heat treatments. Furthermore, HIP treatment can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of V-4 composite material. TRS of V-4 composite steel increased to 1180.4 MPa and hardness was HRA 87.4 (HRC 71.7), porosity decreased to 0.71% after 1673 K sintered and HIP (1523 K, 150 MPa, 1 hour) treatments.

Effect of electron beam surface melting on the microstructure and wear behavior of Stellite 12 hardfacing

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-641
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul Munim Alhattab ◽  
Shaikh Asad Ali Dilawary ◽  
Amir Motallebzadeh ◽  
Cevat Fahir Arisoy ◽  
Huseyin Cimenoglu
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Surface Melting ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Beam Surface ◽  
Stellite 12

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electron beam surface melting (EBSM) on the properties of Plasma Transfer Arc (PTA) deposited Stellite 12 hardfacing.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, structural characterization and dry sliding wear tests have been conducted on the hardfacings at room temperature. The wear tracks formed on the surfaces of the hardfacings were examined by a stylus-type profilometer and a scanning electron microscope.FindingsRefinement of the matrix and the carbides following EBSM process led to about 15 per cent increment in hardness as compared to PTA state. Despite an increase in the surface hardness, EBSM’ed hardfacing exhibited about 50 per cent lower sliding wear resistance than PTA hardfacing against alumina ball. According to the worn surface examinations, reduction in the wear resistance of Stellite 12 after EBSM process has been associated with the extensive refinement of the carbides which made them easier to be removed from the matrix during the sliding contact.Originality/valueThe authors of current study have applied EBSM to PTA deposited Stellite 12 hardfacing alloy to investigate if the surface structure and properties could be improved. More specifically the dry sliding wear performance of PTA and EBSM’ed hardfacings have been focused in the scope of this study. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this approach, i.e. use of EBSM as a post deposition treatment of Stellite 12 hardfacings, has not been reported in open literature.

Influence of SiO2 Micro- Particles on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of UHMWPE Based Composite under Dry Sliding Friction

2018 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noppanuch Puangmalee ◽  
Narongrit Sonjaitham ◽  
Setthawit Saengthip ◽  
Noppanan Mungnuae ◽  
Surachade Solklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dry Sliding Friction

This research investigated the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) with particle size of 5 micron on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of UHMWPE polymeric composite materials under dry sliding friction that was tested by Block–on–ring technique according to ASTM G77. Bulk UHMWPE composite specimen was reinforced with SiO2 particles by weight fraction of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt.%. Specimen was performed by hot compression process with the compression forming conditions at the temperature of 202°C, pressure of 9.7 MPa and exposure time of 77 minutes. It was found that, SiO2 particle fraction in the range of not exceed than 0.5 wt.% did not affect to change microstructure of the specimen, which its microstructure did not significantly different from the initial UHMWPE specimen due to SiO2 particles were dispersed uniformly in the UHMWPE matrix. Its microstructure appeared in a spherulitic structure pattern. However, the increasing of SiO2 more than 0.5 wt.% affect to changed microstructure due to the SiO2 particles separated from the matrix and accumulated on the UHMWPE matrix. For the case of mechanical and wear resistance properties, the increasing of SiO2 particle of 0.5-1 wt.% affect to increased various mechanical properties to have a highest value and lowest wear rate as compared with initial UHMWPE up to 1.7 times. After that, the increasing of SiO2 particle affect to mechanical properties and wear resistance were decreased, except for the hardness that continuously increased according to the increasing of SiO2.

Fabrication and Characterisation of Powder Metallurgy Fe-Cr Matrix Composites Reinforced with Al2O3

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Saidatulakmar Shamsuddin ◽  
Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Sintered Powder ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract. Sintered powder metallurgy Fe based composites with advanced mechanical properties have been proposed as substitutes for more expensive cemented carbide and wrought alloys in many applications, especially as inexpensive wear resistance parts. The aim of this work was to fabricate and characterize a composite made of Fe-Cr as the matrix and Al2O3 particles as reinforcement. The composite was made by powder metallurgy method. The effect of different amount of binder, mixing duration, compaction pressure and sintering temperature has been investigated. Densification, micro hardness, wear resistance and compressive strength were used to characterize the composite. Powder metallurgy parameters that satisfy the composites quality have been optimized and result showed that higher sintering temperatures promote good sintering in the composites which produced better densification, higher reading of micro hardness, better wear resistance and compressive strength.

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