Effect of Mo Addition to ZA22 Alloy Grain Refined by Ti-B on its Metallurgical and Mechanical Characteristics in the as Cast Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safwan M.A. Al-Qawabah ◽  
Adnan I.O. Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Zinc Alloys ◽  
Molybdenum Addition ◽  
Cast Condition

Zinc aluminum alloys are getting increasingly in use in industrial and engineering applications especially after the development of zinc alloys with higher aluminum content. These new developed zinc aluminum based alloys have high strength and hardness, improved creep and wear resistances and lower density. However they have the disadvantage of solidifying in dendritic structure with large grain size which adversely affects their mechanical strength, toughness and surface quality. Grain refinement of metals and alloys by rare earth elements has engaged the materials researchers for the last seven decades. In this paper the effect of molybdenum addition diagram to zinc 22 wt. % aluminum, ZA22, alloy grain refined by Ti-B at a rate of 0.1 wt. %, which corresponds to the peretictic point on the Al-Zn phase diagram in the as cast condition was carried out. The effect of the addition on the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the alloy were investigated and the obtained results are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Deep Stamping Properties of High-Strength Interstitial-Free Steel Containing Phosphorus

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yanping Bao ◽  
Chengyi Duan ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
P Element ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
If Steel

The influence of rare earth Ce on the deep stamping property of high-strength interstitial-free (IF) steel containing phosphorus was analyzed. After adding 120 kg ferrocerium alloy (Ce content is 10%) in the steel, the inclusion statistics and the two-dimensional morphology of the samples in the direction of 1/4 thickness of slab and each rolling process were observed and compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). After the samples in each rolling process were treated by acid leaching, the three-dimensional morphology and components of the second phase precipitates were observed by SEM and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The microstructure of the sample was observed by optical microscope, and the grain size was compared. Meanwhile, the content and strength of the favorable texture were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the mechanical properties of the product were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The combination of rare earth Ce with activity O and S in steel had lower Gibbs free energy, and it was easy to generate CeAlO3, Ce2O2S, and Ce2O3. The inclusions size was obviously reduced, but the number of inclusions was increased after adding rare earth. The morphology of inclusions changed from chain and strip to spherical. The size of rare earth inclusions was mostly about 2–5 μm, distributed and dispersed, and their elastic modulus was close to that of steel matrix, which was conducive to improving the structure continuity of steel. (2) The rare earth compound had a high melting point. As a heterogeneous nucleation point, the nucleation rate was increased and the solidification structure was refined. The grade of grain size of products was increased by 1.5 grades, which is helpful to improve the strength and plasticity of metal. (3) Rare earth Ce can inhibit the segregation of P element at the grain boundary and the precipitation of Fe(Nb+Ti)P phase. It can effectively increase the solid solution amount of P element in steel, improve the solid solution strengthening effect of P element in high-strength IF steel, and obtain a large proportion of {111} favorable texture, which is conducive to improving the stamping formability index r90 value.

The Influence of Addition of the Rare Earth Elements on the Structure and Hardness of AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik ◽  
Tomasz Mikuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Zinc Alloys ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Structure ◽  
High Strength Aluminum Alloys

Aluminium alloys are characterized by a number of advantageous properties , which include: low density ,high relative strength , high electrical and thermal conductivity , ease of machining and good dumping features. Particular interesting are high-strength aluminum alloys of zinc, magnesium and copper. These alloys are used mainly in aircraft, building &structure, electrical, electrical power and automotive industry. A significant problem associated with the use of high-strength aluminium-zinc alloys is their insufficient resistance to corrosion. Improvement of corrosion resistance can be obtained by application of alloy micro-additives. The article shows results of examinations related to influence of rare earth additive on the structure and hardness of AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 alloy. The scope of examination included: structure testing using scanning microscope, X – ray microanalysis, hardness test. Examinations have shown higher hardness of samples with rare earth additives. Was found , that rare earth addition influences on more fine –grained structure of the AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 alloy.

Segment Formation in the Work Pieces of ZA22 Grain Refined by Some Rare Earth Elements and Subjected to Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP, Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Adnan I.O. Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Serrated Chip ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Chip Type ◽  
Wear And Corrosion

Zinc aluminum alloys in general and ZA22 in particular are versatile materials which are widely used in the automobile, aircraft and space craft industries due to their required and attractive properties e.g. high strength-to weight-ratio, good cast ability, high wear and corrosion resistances, in addition to the advantages of low–energy and non-polluting melting. . However, against these attractive properties they have the disadvantage of forming a dendritic structure with large grain size during solidification or homogenization of their casts, which tends to reduce their surface quality, mechanical and impact strengths. Hence it is very essential to modify their structure and refine their grains. In this paper, the effect of the ECAP process on ZA22 alloy after grain refinement of its structure by titanium, titanium plus boron and molybdenum on its metallurgical and mechanical characteristics is investigated. During the investigation, a new phenomenon had occurred on the upper surface of the work pieces, (the surface in contact with the upper part of the ECAP die) similar to the serrated chip type which was first observed by Merchant in1948, This formed the main objective of this paper, in which the causes of this new phenomenon, the mechanism of its formation and how to avoid its occurrence are presented and discussed.

Effect of Addition of Some Grain Refiners to Zinc-Aluminum 22, ZA22, Alloy on its Grain Size, Mechanical Characteristics in the Cast and after Pressing by the Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP

2015 ◽  
Vol 1105 ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan I.O. Zaid ◽  
Jehad A.S. AlKasasbeh ◽  
S.M.A. Al-Qawabah
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Cast Condition

In this paper, the effect of addition of some grain refiners namely: molybdenum, titanium and titanium+boron to zinc-aluminum 22%, ZA22, alloy on its microstructure and mechanical characteristics is investigated in two conditions one in the cast condition and the other after pressing by the equal channel angular pressing, ECAP. Recently the ECAP process has been used to produce severe plastic deformation. It was found that addition of any of these elements to ZA22 alloy resulted in grain refinement of its structure both in the cast and after pressing by the ECAP conditions, being more pronounced after pressing by ECAP. The maximum decrease was %. Furthermore, it resulted in enhancement of its mechanical strength at, indicating softening of the alloy. Regarding the effect on its hardness, it decreased by th addition of either Mo or Ti+B. at any rate of Mo addition.

The Effect of Ti and REE Addition on the Corrosion Resistance of the AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 Alloy in "Acid Rain" Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik ◽  
Henryk Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Zinc Alloys

A significant problem associated with the use of high-strength aluminum-zinc alloys is their insufficient resistance to corrosion. A often used method of improving the resistance to corrosion is plating, resulting in a decrease of their strength. Improving the corrosion resistance can be achieved by application of micro - alloying elements. Titanium and rare earth elements are particularly interesting micro - alloying elements. Subject of examination were AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 base alloy (without micro-alloying) and alloy with the addition of titanium alloy and alloy with the addition of rare earth elements. Corrosion examinations were carried out in a solution of "acid rain", pH = 3.5. The scope of the research included potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests , examination of the surface and structure of the samples after corrosion.The research found that the addition of titanium does not cause a significant improvement in corrosion resistance of the AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 alloy. A significant improvement was achieved with the addition of rare earth elements. It was found that corrosion tested alloys is local and leads to the formation of pits.

Comparison between Mo Addition to Al Grain Refined by Ti and Ti+B on its Metallurgical and Mechanical Characteristics in the Cast and after ECAP Process Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Safwan M.A. Al-Qawabah ◽  
Adnan I.O. Zaid ◽  
Ahmad Qandil
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Molybdenum Addition

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used materials; they are next to steel in use mainly in the automobile industry due to their high strength – to – weight ratio and corrosion resistance beside its other attractive properties. Against their attractive properties; they have the disadvantage of solidifying in columnar structure which tends to reduce their mechanical characteristics and surface quality. Therefore it became customary to grain refine them either by Ti or Ti+B to overcome this discrepancy. In this paper, comparison between Molybdenum addition to commercially pure aluminum grain refined by Ti and Ti+B on its grain size and mechanical characteristics both in the cast and after pressing by the ECAP process is investigated and the obtained results are presented and discussed.

Microstructural characterization of a cast RENi5-based alloy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1176-1177
Author(s):  
G. M. Micha ◽  
L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cast Condition

RENi5 (RE: rare earth) based alloys have been extensively evaluated for use as an electrode material for nickel-metal hydride batteries. A variety of alloys have been developed from the prototype intermetallic compound LaNi5. The use of mischmetal as a source of rare earth combined with transition metal and Al substitutions for Ni has caused the evolution of the alloy from a binary compound to one containing eight or more elements. This study evaluated the microstructural features of a complex commercial RENi5 based alloy using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The alloy was evaluated in the as-cast condition. Its chemistry in at. pct. determined by bulk techniques was 12.1 La, 3.2 Ce, 1.5 Pr, 4.9 Nd, 50.2 Ni, 10.4 Co, 5.3 Mn and 2.0 Al. The as-cast material was of low strength, very brittle and contained a multitude of internal cracks. TEM foils could only be prepared by first embedding pieces of the alloy in epoxy.

Preferential Orientation of Photochromic Gadolinium Oxyhydrides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elbruz Murat Baba ◽  
Jose Montero ◽  
Dmitrii Moldarev ◽  
Marcos V. Moro ◽  
Max Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Preferential Orientation ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Deposition Pressure ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Oxidation In Air ◽  
Key Parameter

<p>We report preferential orientation control in photochromic gadolinium oxyhydride (GdHO) thin films deposited by a two-step process. Gadolinium hydride (GdH<sub>2-x</sub>) films were grown by reactive magnetron sputtering, followed by oxidation in air. The preferential orientation, grain size, anion concentrations, and photochromic response of the films are strongly dependent on the deposition pressure. GdHO films show preferential orientation along the [100] direction and exhibit photochromism when synthesized at deposition pressures up to 5.8 Pa and. The photochromic contrast is larger than 20 % when the films are deposited below 2.8 Pa with 0.22 H<sub>2</sub>/Ar flow ratio. We argue that the degree of preferential orientation defines the oxygen concentration which is known to be a key parameter for photochromism in rare-earth oxyhydride thin films. The experimental observations described above are explained by the oxidation-induced decrease of the grain size as a result of the increase of the deposition pressure of the sputtering gas. </p>

DOWMETAL ZK60A

Alloy Digest ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Extrusion Alloy

Abstract Dowmetal ZK60A is an ageable extrusion alloy for use where high strength magnesium extrusions with good toughness are required. It has small grain size, low notch sensitivity and a relatively high resistance to stress corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and compressive, shear, bearing, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Mg-1. Producer or source: The Dow Chemical Company.

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