Influence of the Accuracy of Determining the Inner Diameter of Pressure Polyethylene Pipes by the Amount of Head Loss by Length

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1012-1017
Author(s):  
Maria A. Vasilyeva

The article presents the results of the analysis of the requirements of All Union State standard No18599-2001 to the thickness of the walls of pressure polyethylene pipes. An example of hydraulic calculation of a pipeline made of polyethylene PE 100 with a diameter d = 315 mm is considered. It is made in two versions - without taking into account and with allowance for dimensional tolerances stipulated by the requirements of the standard. The influence of the limitations on the thickness of the pipe walls on the values of their internal diameters and hydraulic characteristics is analyzed.

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Crispiniano Feitosa Filho ◽  
José Maria Pinto ◽  
Nivaldo Timóteo de Arruda

DIMENSIONAMENTO, CONSTRUÇÃO E CARACTERÍSTICAS HIDRÁULICAS DE UM INJETOR TIPO VENTURI PARA USO NA QUIMIGAÇÃO   José Crispiniano Feitosa FilhoProfessor do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFPB. CEP: 58397-000, Areia-PB. E-Mail: [email protected]é Maria PintoPesquisador da EMBRAPA/CPATSA, CEP. Petrolina-PENivaldo Timóteo de ArrudaProfessor do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFPB.   1 RESUMO   O trabalho informa metodologia de construção, dimensionamento e características hidráulicas de um injetor tipo Venturi com potencialidade de uso na Quimigação. Pela resistência do material confeccionado em relação aos injetores tradicionais construídos em polietileno, o injetor metálico pode ser utilizado nos sistemas de irrigação que operam em média ou alta pressão. Estudou-se variáveis como: vazão succionada em função dos diferenciais de pressão, perdas de carga e rendimentos e definiu-se Equações de regressão representativas destas relações. Utilizou-se um injetor com diâmetro nominal na secção de entrada de 75 mm e diâmetro da secção estrangulada de 19,6 mm. Trabalhou-se com pressões de serviço de 10 até 35 mca com incremento de 5 mca. Os resultados mostraram que as vazões succionadas pelo injetor diminuem à medida que o diferencial de pressão, considerando um ponto instalado na secção estrangulada do injetor e outro pós-injetor, aumentaram. As maiores perdas de carga ocorreram nas maiores pressões de serviço, possivelmente, devido ao aumento da vazão motriz no injetor. Os rendimentos diminuíram com o aumento das pressões de serviço e do diferencial de pressão, porém, comportaram-se diferente daqueles apresentados pelas perdas de carga e pelas vazões succionadas. A perda de carga média no injetor foram de 45,11% da pressão de serviço. Os dados das vazões succionadas, das perdas de carga e dos rendimentos analisados por meio de regressão em função dos diferenciais de pressão apresentaram melhores ajustes seguindo modelos de função polinomial quadrática.   UNITERMOS: Quimigação, injetor venturi, dimensionamento hidráulico, irrigação. FEITOSA FILHO, J.C., PINTO, J.M., ARRUDA, N.T. DIMENSIONING, CONSTRUCTION AND HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INJECTOR OF VENTURI TYPE FOR USE IN CHEMIGATION   2 ABSTRACT   The work informs construction methodology, measurement and hydraulics characteristic of an injector of Venturi type of with use potentiality in chemigation. For the resistance of the material made in relation to the traditional injectors built in polietileno, the metallic injector can be used in the irrigation systems that operate on the average or high pressure. It was studied variables puch as: suction flow in function of the pressure differentials, load losses and efficiency, and was defined representative regression equations of these relations. The injector was used with nominal diameter in the entrance section of 75 mm and strangled section diameter of 19,6 mm. It was worked with supply pressure of 10 to 35 mca with increment of 5 mca. The results indicated that the suction flow decreases in proportion to the pressure differentials considering a point installed in the strangled section of the injector and other post-injector increased. The major load losses happened possibly in the largest service pressures due to the increase of the motive flow in the injector. The efficiency decreased with the increase of the supply pressures and of the differential pressure even so its behavior were different from those presented by the head losses and for the suction flows. The medium head losses in the injector were of 45,11% of the supply pressure. The data of the suction flow, the load losses and the efficiency analyzed by means of regression in function of the pressure differentials presented better fittings following models of function quadratic polynomial.   KEYWORDS: Chemigation, venturi injector, hydraulic calculation, irrigation. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN NAPREENKO ◽  
◽  
ROMAN SAVELEV ◽  
ALEKSEY TROFIMOV ◽  
ANNA LAMTYUGINA ◽  
...  

The article discusses methods for determining the hydraulic resistance of units of an accident-resistant fuel system. A detailed description of the need to create such fuel systems for modern helicopters is given. The development of such systems today is impossible without the use of the method of mathematical modeling, which allows to qualitatively solve problems arising in the design process. To obtain accurate research results, it is necessary to have a complete description of all elements and assemblies of the system. Methods for determining the hydraulic characteristics of AFS elements using the drag coefficient, reference literature and CFD codes are considered. As the investigated AFS units, a drain valve and burst fitting were studied in the article. A hydraulic calculation of these AFS elements ware performed, the simulation results are presented in the ANSYS CFX software package. Also as the calculation results of bursting fitting, the pressure distribution fields of full and static pressure, velocity and streamlines are also shown. An experimental setup for validating the results obtained using the mathematical modeling method is considered, as well as a methodology for conducting a full-scale experiment to determine the hydraulic resistance of the unit. Materials have been prepared for inclusion in a one-dimensional mathematical model of an accident-resistant fuel system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Oleg A. PRODOUS ◽  
◽  
Lev D. TEREKHOV ◽  
Petr P. YAKUBCHIK ◽  
Alexander S. CHERNIKH ◽  
...  

Objective: To compare the characteristics of hydraulic potential in worn steel pipes with internal deposits subjected to cleaning by mechanical and chemical methods. Methods: Calculated dependencies are used for hydraulic calculation of new metal pipes and pipes with internal deposits. Results: A calculated dependence was obtained to determine the value of the inner diameter of pipes with any thickness of the layer of internal deposits. The concept of an efficient pipeline is introduced and a comparison made of the values of head losses in new pipes and in pipes with internal deposits. A specific practical example is considered. For the given example, compare the values of energy consumption of pumping equipment for two methods of cleaning the inner surface of pipes. Measures are indicated to ensure the efficiency of operation of water supply networks. Practical importance: It is shown that the chemical method of technical regulation of the hydraulic characteristics of new steel pipes provides an extension of the period of their further use.


2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
A. M. Khurmamatov ◽  
◽  
G. B. Rakhimov ◽  

The main results of the calculation of the head loss with a smooth expansion and narrowing of the horizontal pipe, which has the following geometric dimensions; - the inner diameter of the pipe with a narrowing of 25 mm and an expansion of 50 mm. The pressure loss of the smooth expansion of the pipe at an oil velocity of 0.2–1.0 m/s has a smooth rate of increase from 0.002 to 0.032 m. With a smooth narrowing of the pipe, the head loss is from 0.0021 to 0.024 m. That, during the movement of oil in a horizontal pipe, the head loss with a sudden expansion is 1.33 times greater than that of a sudden narrowing.


2021 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
В.А. Наумов ◽  
Н.Л. Великанов ◽  
А.В. Тришина

Цель статьи – разработать алгоритм расчёта гидравлических характеристик системы пожаротушения для портовых сооружений. В системе пожаротушения имеется погружной насос, трубопроводы, предназначенные для транспортировки воды от места ее забора, до места возможного возгорания. Использован насос UGP-M-1210-04. Задачи исследования: анализ результатов испытаний; получение эмпирических зависимостей показателей работы насоса от его производительности, исследования работы насоса в сети. Проведены расчеты скорости истекающей струи и полной реактивной силы в рабочей точке насосной установки. Исследовано влияние скорости на реактивную силу. Анализ результатов показывает, что точность расчетов приемлема для инженерных расчетов. Полученный алгоритм расчета может быть использован при проектировании систем тушения пожаров в портовых сооружениях. The purpose of the article is to develop an algorithm for calculating the hydraulic characteristics of a fire extinguishing system for port facilities. The fire extinguishing system has a submersible pump, pipelines intended for transporting water from the place of its intake to the place of possible ignition. The UGP-M-1210-04 pump is used. Research objectives: analysis of test results; obtaining empirical dependencies of pump performance indicators on its performance, research of pump operation in the network. Calculations of the velocity of the expiring jet and the total reactive force at the working point of the pumping unit are carried out. The effect of velocity on the reactive force is investigated. Analysis of the results shows that the accuracy of calculations is acceptable for engineering calculations. The resulting calculation algorithm can be used in the design of fire extinguishing systems in port facilities.


Author(s):  
Verônica G. M. L. de Melo ◽  
José A. Frizzone ◽  
Antonio P. de Camargo ◽  
Wagner W. Á. Bombardelli

ABSTRACT For reducing fixed and operational costs in pressurized irrigation systems, thin-walled polyethylene pipes with laser-perforated orifices are manufactured to operate under low pressure (up to 100 kPa). Hydraulic characterization of these materials is essential for designing irrigation systems. Considering the material elasticity and the thin wall thickness (about 200 μm), the internal diameter of these pipes may vary according to the operating pressure, resulting in changes of head losses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the head loss in flexible pipes with laser-perforated orifices, and to estimate the maximum length of laterals based on criteria of water distribution uniformity. Non-perforated pipe samples were tested to obtain equations of friction loss. Equations were fitted as a function of flow rate and pressure head at the pipe inlet, and, alternatively, the Darcy-Weisbach equation was modified considering the diameter expressed as a power-law function of pressure head. The equation of head loss as a function of flow rate and pressure head provided proper estimations and considered effects related to changes in the diameter of plastic pipes due to variations in the pressure head. The Darcy-Weisbach equation can be employed for estimating head loss in flexible pipes, whose diameter varies due to pressure, but the diameter must be calculated as a function of the pressure head at the lateral inlet.


1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajaratnam ◽  
C. Katopodis ◽  
R. Paccagnan

This paper presents a detailed account of field studies performed on one pool-weir and several Denil and vertical slot fishways in the province of Alberta. The pictures show the broad features of the flow. The velocity profiles obtained in the field studies have confirmed the measurements made in the laboratory on scale models and have enhanced the general picture, particularly for the vertical slot fishways. This paper provides hydraulic engineers with information for understanding the primary hydraulic characteristics of fishways. Key words: fishways, field studies, hydraulics, open-channel flow, turbulent flow.


2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2014-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Jun Liu ◽  
Chen Guan ◽  
Zhi Chen Zong

Two kinds of nonmetallic pipes, steel skeleton polythene plastic composite pipe and reinforced plastic composite pipe, whose application effect in oilfield are preferable, were chosen as the research objects in this paper. An indoor experiment apparatus was established to measure the on-way resistance of this two kinds of pipes under different flow rates. Then many hydraulic calculation formulas were used to calculate the on-way head loss of tested pipes and the relation curves of pressure drop gradient on flow velocity and Reynolds Number were drawn. According to the comparison of calculated value and measured data, appropriate calculation formulas of on-way head loss for the two nonmetallic pipes were sorted out respectively. The result shows that as for steel skeleton polythene plastic composite pipe and reinforced plastic composite pipe, Panhandle A formula and Drew Et al Formula are recommended respectively to calculate the on-way hydraulic computation.


1962 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Jaw Bone ◽  

The bronze vase (Heraklion 2460) shown in Plate 2 and Fig. 1 was found in 1936 by workmen digging to lay pipes beside the main road between A. Ioannis and Teke (Knossos Survey no. 10). With it were the black-figure fragments shown in Plate 3 a. The find was briefly noticed in JHS lvi (1936) 150. The late T. J. Dunbabin had intended to publish the pieces but had written a detailed description of the bronze vase only, which I have drawn upon below.The bowl is 0·216 in diameter and 0·043 high, but the exact curve of the lower part is not certain. The bowl is made in one piece, with a slight inset at the edge. Over this fits the upper part. This is 0·218 in diameter (0·118 the inner diameter); its height from the inner edge is 0·04, from the outer edge 0·02. It carries two cast swing handles. The attachments for them are 0·046 long, smooth inside, and on the outside decorated with three heavy ribs of beading. The ‘scotiae’ between are marked by pairs of lines. The handles themselves are 0·086 wide, circular in section but flattened on the inside and outside, and with two beaded knobs. Between the handles are two gorgoneia: present widths 0·106 and 0·103. The faces are very broad. The eyelids are strongly marked and thicken at the edge, giving the impression that they are rolled back slightly from the staring eyeballs. There is an almost circular depression round the eyes which is only slightly shallower at the corners. The ridge of the eyebrows is very firm and a ridge runs vertically up the forehead like a tall bud. The nose is not, in its upper part, unduly broad; the fleshy part broadens very much at the base, leaving a considerable depression above it, slanting obliquely downwards. The cheek-bones are high, the angles of the jaw-bone very strongly marked and the chin consists of two bony prominences with a depression between.


Author(s):  
Irsan Novianto ◽  
Yogi Sirodz Gaos ◽  
Hablinur Alkindi

<p>This study focused on component in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), Bladder Tank. The calculation<br />method is based on the calculation stage of plate thickness to withstand the pressure caused by the<br />circulation of the ORC system. The material used is SA 106 with 12mm thickness, Shell length 600mm,<br />270mm inner diameter and 95mm Head length. From the calculation results obtained maximum<br />pressure on Shell = 253,8385 psi (17,7 bar g) and pressure at Head equal to = 249,6983 psi (17,2 bar<br />g). Bladder Tank Capacity of 38055622,5 mm³ (38,0556 Liter). From result of Pressure Drop simulation<br />got Head loss equal to = 0,00000066 m.</p>


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