Development of the Jiaolong Deep Manned Submersible

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weicheng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Tank Test

AbstractDeep sea exploration and exploitation are of increasing interest to 21st century scientists, and both manned and unmanned deep submergence vehicles are necessary means for deep sea exploration. To fulfill the requirements of deep sea exploration for China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA), a deep manned submersible was in the process of development in China from 2002 to 2012 and was named Jiaolong in 2010. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development process from a historical point of view, including the design, realization of components, assembly, open-water tank test, and sea trials of the Jiaolong deep manned submersible. The technical difficulties encountered at each stage, and their solutions are briefly described. The future development trends for deep manned submersibles are pointed out.

Review of Navigation and Positioning of Deep-sea Manned Submersibles

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (04) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
Jialing Tang ◽  
Shengjie Qin ◽  
Xiangxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Scientific Value

Operational deep-sea manned submersibles are important underwater vehicles that provide strong technical support for international deep-sea research. Navigation and positioning technologies are expected to facilitate the complete exploitation of the scientific value of samples and data collected by such submersibles, improve their underwater operation efficiency and enhance their safety. This paper first briefly describes six operational deep-sea manned submersibles that can dive to depths of more than 4,500 m. Then, the paper focuses on the navigation and positioning technologies used in these submersibles. Finally, considering the existing problems in the navigation and positioning systems of China's manned submersible Jiaolong, the paper discusses future development trends of the navigation and positioning technologies used in operational deep-sea manned submersibles.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on the Process Parameters of a Novel Low-Load Drill Bit Used for 7000 m Bedrock Sampling Base on Manned Submersible

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Yu-Gang Ren ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yan-Jun Liu ◽  
Bao-Hua Liu ◽  
Kai-Ben Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Cutting Model

Due to the need for accurate exploration of deep-sea scientific research, drilling techniques by combining the operational advantages of the Jiaolong manned submersible is considered one of the most feasible methods for deep-sea bedrock drilling. Based on deep sea bedrock cutting model and discrete element simulation, as well as efficient drilling as the design criterion, the development of a deep sea 7000 m electromechanical coring apparatus was carried out. The outstanding feature of this technology is that the bit load produced by the drill pressure is usually within the range 100–400 N while the recommended load for diamond drilling is 1–3 KN or even more. Therefore, searching for the drilling bits that can drill in extremely hard formations with minimal load and acceptable rates of penetration and rotary speed is the necessary step to prove the feasibility of electromechanical deep-sea drilling technology. A test has been designed and constructed to examine three types of drill bits. The results of experiments show that the new low-load polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit has the highest penetration length of 138 mm/15 min under a 300 N load and 250 rpm rotary speed. Finally, field tests with the Jiaolong submersible were used to conduct deep sea experiments and verify the load model, which provides theoretical and technical data on the use of a low-load core sampling drill developed specifically for a deep sea submersible.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Payment Mechanism on Exploitation of Polymetallic Nodules in the Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sihan Su ◽  
Mengdan Li ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

The international seabed area (i.e., the “Area”) is rich in mineral resources. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the relevant implemented agreements, in 2012, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) began to develop the regulations for the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area. The most important part of the regulations involves determining the distribution of benefits from the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area between the ISA and the contractors. The establishment of a financial model to evaluate the economic benefits and compare the distribution scheme was the basic method relied on in the current study of payment mechanism. According to the characteristics of the exploitation project of mineral resources in the Area, the discounted cash flow method was selected to construct the financial model. Taking China’s deep-sea mineral resources development project in the Area as the background, the main parameters of the model were determined. A comparative study of similar financial models with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other foreign countries was carried out, in addition to a sensitivity analysis of parameters. On the basis of the assurance that the contractor’s internal rate of return was not lower than the level of the land mining enterprise, the financial model was used to calculate the internal rate of return and the revenue of royalty under different payment mechanisms and rates. The advantages and disadvantages of different payment mechanisms in the exploitation of mineral resources in the area were analyzed. Lastly, the possible impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining on Terrestrial metal markets were highlighted.

Sensitivitätsanalyse des Fördergutverhaltens*/Sensitivity analysis of transported material – Physics simulation based analysis of bulk material related to the topology of vibratory bowl feeders

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (09) ◽  
pp. 622-626
Author(s):  
C. Stocker ◽  
G. Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Automated Generation ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physics Simulation ◽  
Material Physics ◽  
Transported Material

Vibrationswendelförderer (VWF) sind die meistverwendeten Systeme zur automatisierten Vereinzelung und Zuführung von Schüttgut. Zur Verbesserung der derzeit manuellen Entwicklung, werden Methoden zur Simulation von VWF erforscht. Der Fachartikel stellt eine physiksimulationsbasierte Sensitivitätsanalyse des Förderguts bezüglich der Topologie im VWF vor. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse dienen als Basis für die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur automatischen Generierung von Ordnungsschikanen.   Vibratory bowl feeders (VBF) are the most frequently used systems for automated sorting and feeding of bulk material. To improve the current manual development process, methods for simulation of VBF are researched. The presented paper introduces a physics simulation based sensitivity analysis of the behavior of transported parts related to the topology of the VBF. These results provide a basis for the future development of an algorithm for the automated generation of orienting devices.

Cherish the Earth's Mineral Resources and Promote the Comprehensive Utilization of Iron Tailings

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Jin Rui Zhang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Li Bing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Useful Components

With the increasing amount of tailings, it has brought many serious problems like take up a lot of land, construction and maintenance tailings reservoirs must be consume a large amount of money. The stockpiled tailings is not only bring drawbacks, but also bring huge economic benefits for us. For example, recycling of useful components contained in the tailings, or use the tailings as a whole. This article introduction the tailings status, utilization and point out direction of future development of tailings utilization.

scholarly journals Sponge and coral communities of potential mineral resources in the deep-sea: An overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Molodtsova ◽  
Christopher Kelley ◽  
Lénaick Menot ◽  
Les Watling
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Hard Substrata

Depletion of commercially valuable minerals on land and increased need of such resources for modern electronics and manufacturing is attracting more and more attention to deep-sea mineral deposits such as cobalt crusts, manganese nodules, phosphorites, polymetallic sulfides and even deep-sea ooze. In a few years we expect intensive exploitation in the deep-sea. Being suspension feeders, corals and sponges associated with hard substrata in potential mining sites would be adversely impacted by deep-sea mining. Deep-sea corals and sponges are characterized by extremely slow growth rates and, as can be seen from fishery impacts, they may take decades to centuries to restore. At the same time, they serve as a substrate, shelter and food for a number of associated deep-sea organisms, thus increasing the cumulative impact of their loss. We summarize here the available data on coral and sponge communities of solid deep-sea ore deposits and possible mechanisms driving their diversity.

scholarly journals Research on the Development Process and Optimization Path of Crowdsourcing in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02076
Author(s):  
Yanrong Huang ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Form

Crowdsourcing is an important form for enterprises to realize open innovation, which can gather the wisdom of the public and gather talents from various fields to participate in technological innovation and value creation. This paper systematically reviews the emergence and development of crowdsourcing in China, analyzes the causes and characteristics of the four stages of crowdsourcing development with the clue of major events in the development process of crowdsourcing; takes the operation process of crowdsourcing as the breakthrough point, discusses the bidirectional driving optimization path for the benign rolling development of crowdsourcing mode under the background of “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”; and prospects. Finally, the future development direction of crowdsourcing mode is pointed out.

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