scholarly journals Experimental Research on the Process Parameters of a Novel Low-Load Drill Bit Used for 7000 m Bedrock Sampling Base on Manned Submersible

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Yu-Gang Ren ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yan-Jun Liu ◽  
Bao-Hua Liu ◽  
Kai-Ben Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Cutting Model

Due to the need for accurate exploration of deep-sea scientific research, drilling techniques by combining the operational advantages of the Jiaolong manned submersible is considered one of the most feasible methods for deep-sea bedrock drilling. Based on deep sea bedrock cutting model and discrete element simulation, as well as efficient drilling as the design criterion, the development of a deep sea 7000 m electromechanical coring apparatus was carried out. The outstanding feature of this technology is that the bit load produced by the drill pressure is usually within the range 100–400 N while the recommended load for diamond drilling is 1–3 KN or even more. Therefore, searching for the drilling bits that can drill in extremely hard formations with minimal load and acceptable rates of penetration and rotary speed is the necessary step to prove the feasibility of electromechanical deep-sea drilling technology. A test has been designed and constructed to examine three types of drill bits. The results of experiments show that the new low-load polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit has the highest penetration length of 138 mm/15 min under a 300 N load and 250 rpm rotary speed. Finally, field tests with the Jiaolong submersible were used to conduct deep sea experiments and verify the load model, which provides theoretical and technical data on the use of a low-load core sampling drill developed specifically for a deep sea submersible.

Review of Navigation and Positioning of Deep-sea Manned Submersibles

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (04) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
Jialing Tang ◽  
Shengjie Qin ◽  
Xiangxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Scientific Value

Operational deep-sea manned submersibles are important underwater vehicles that provide strong technical support for international deep-sea research. Navigation and positioning technologies are expected to facilitate the complete exploitation of the scientific value of samples and data collected by such submersibles, improve their underwater operation efficiency and enhance their safety. This paper first briefly describes six operational deep-sea manned submersibles that can dive to depths of more than 4,500 m. Then, the paper focuses on the navigation and positioning technologies used in these submersibles. Finally, considering the existing problems in the navigation and positioning systems of China's manned submersible Jiaolong, the paper discusses future development trends of the navigation and positioning technologies used in operational deep-sea manned submersibles.

Wear Characteristics of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Drill Bits in Small Diameter Rock Drilling

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Hough ◽  
B. Das
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Failure Characteristics ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact ◽  
Single Material

The wear characteristics of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits were investigated in the context of drilling small holes in a hard abrasive medium. An efficient method for measuring wear of the PDC drill bits was developed. The wear test results were grouped or categorized in terms of rotary speed, feed and wear or failure characteristics. Contrary to the three classical wear phases (break-in, uniform wear and rapid breakdown) of the single material cutters, four distinctive wear phases were formed for the PDC cutters: I–break-in, II–diamond wear, III–carbide wear, and IV–rapid breakdown. The characteristics of the wear phases were identified and some suggestions were made to alleviate the wear problem.

scholarly journals Analysis of sea condition of Jiaolong deep-sea manned submersible operating in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Liu Xiaohui ◽  
Qin Shengjie ◽  
Yang Lei ◽  
Qi Haibin ◽  
Zhang Qi
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Manned Submersible

The South China Sea is the sea area with the largest area, the largest depth, the most abundant oil and gas resources and the most comprehensive biological species in China. The further exploration of the South China Sea with manned submersible and other major deep-sea equipment is of great significance to China's deep-sea scientific investigation. In this paper, Jiaolong manned submersible was taken as an example. In order to explore the operation window to guarantee the operation safety of manned submersible and improve the efficiency of voyage scientific investigation, this paper combined the global wave return data and the wave data based on satellite remote sensing to focus on the Marine environment characteristics in the South China Sea. According to the operational design parameters of Jiaolong, in the South China Sea, the most appropriate operating time window is from April to September, and the rest of the time, proper sea conditions should be selected for the operation.

Working Tools Study for JiaoLong Manned Submersible

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Xianpeng Shi ◽  
Yugang Ren ◽  
Jialing Tang ◽  
Wentao Fu ◽  
Baohua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Observation Function ◽  
Scientific Questions

AbstractThe remarkable progress in deep submergence science with manned submersibles in the past 50 years has made it possible for us to directly explore the inaccessible underwater extreme environment. Basic research carried out at depths over 1,000 m in the deep ocean has provided dramatic and unique insights into some of the most compelling scientific questions ever posed. Deep research manned submersibles have been widely recognized as indispensable platforms for conducting deep-sea research. Whereas all deep-sea submersibles share the unique feature of direct observation function by scientists and pilots from the cabin, all manned submersibles are equipped with different tools to implement a wide range of jobs in different exploration purposes. These can directly affect productivity and each dive's outcomes, such that it would be meaningful to study the samplers, sensors, and other devices that have been installed on the different deep-sea research manned submersibles around the world. This article will also introduce the research and development status of the JiaoLong manned submersible's operational tools, which have been researched and tested during the sea trials and test operational phase over the past 9 years. Based on developed technologies, state-of-the-art tools are essential to achieve a high-efficiency use for each dive. The article brings forward discussion and suggestions for the development of JiaoLong's operational tools, followed by a conclusion from the perspective of JiaoLong's operation team.

Human reliability prediction in deep-sea sampling process of the manned submersible

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengkai Chen ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reliability Prediction ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Manned Submersible

Monitoring environmental effects of a deep-sea mining test in shallow water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henko de Stigter ◽  
Sabine Haalboom ◽  
Christian Mohn ◽  
Thomas Vandorpe ◽  
Marck Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
Bottom Trawling

<p>Concerns about future access to strategic raw materials for the high-tech industry have led to a renewed interest in mining of mineral resources from the deep-sea as a potential alternative for land-based mining. Polymetallic nodules, especially abundant in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean in water depths of 4000-6000 m, are a likely target of future deep-sea mining. However, many questions exist about the environmental sustainability of deep-sea mining, as it would involve the removal of hard substrate, disturbance of the surface sediment layer and dispersion of mobilised sediment over large areas of seabed adjacent to the mining sites. Anticipating on full-scale industrial mining tests, which are likely to start in the near future in the deep Pacific Ocean, we tried approaches for environmental monitoring of mining activities during two industry field tests in relatively shallow water offshore southern Spain, carried out in the framework of the European Blue Nodules project. The aim of these field tests was to assess technical and environmental performance of a scaled polymetallic nodule mining vehicle developed by the Dutch shipbuilder and maritime technology provider Royal IHC. Although the tests were performed in only 300 m water depth, much less than the depth where future deep-sea mining will take place, the weakly stratified bottom water, tide-dominated near-bed currents with mean magnitude around 5-10 cm s<sup>-1</sup>, and gently sloping seabed covered with fine muddy sediment are fairly comparable to operational conditions in the deep-sea. The plume of suspended sediment mobilised by the mining vehicle, considered to represent a major environmental pressure which may extend far beyond the actual mining area, was monitored with turbidity sensors deployed with ship-operated ROV and CTD, as well as in a static array of moored sensors. It was found that the generated sediment plume extended not more than 2 m above the seabed close to the disturbance (< 100 m), but increased in height with distance away from the disturbance site. Turbidity decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the source, but a distinct signal could still be distinguished above background turbidity at 350 m away from the source. In this near-coast setting, plume monitoring suffered significant interference by bottom trawling activities in neighbouring areas. The monitoring setup proved to be well designed and the findings on the plume size and dispersion can be significantly extrapolated to account for a more realistic mining situation. Seabed surveys with ROV-based video and scanning sonar showed that the tracks of the test vehicle, exerting an average pressure of 3 kPa on the seabed, left impressions of 4±0.8 cm deep in the surface sediment. In sediment cores collected from the path of the vehicle, geotechnical testing showed an increase in undrained shear strength and bearing capacity, as compared to undisturbed sites, indicating compaction of the surface sediment. Surveys revealed ubiquitous signs of bottom trawling, including furrows of approximately 10 cm deep produced by trawl doors. </p>

scholarly journals Underwater navigation using visual markers in the context of intervention missions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172988141983896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Gomez Chavez ◽  
Christian A Mueller ◽  
Tobias Doernbach ◽  
Andreas Birk
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Visual Markers ◽  
Underwater Navigation ◽  
Underwater Manipulation

Intervention missions, that is, underwater manipulation tasks, for example, in the context of oil-&-gas production, require a high amount of precise, robust navigation. In this article, we describe the use of an advanced vision system suited for deep-sea operations, which in combination with artificial markers on target structures like oil-&-gas production-Christmas-trees significantly boosts navigation performance. The system is validated in two intensive field tests running off the shore of Marseille, France. In the experiments, a commercial remotely operated vehicle equipped with the system and a mock-up structure with an oil-&-gas production panel is used to evaluate the navigation performance.

scholarly journals Design and Test of a Blast Shield for Boeing 737 Overhead Compartment

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglai Dang ◽  
Philemon C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Structural Connections ◽  
Fuselage Skin ◽  
Passenger Aircraft

This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a composite blast shield for hardening an overhead bin compartment of a commercial aircraft. If a small amount of explosive escapes detection and is brought onboard and stowed in an overhead bin compartment of a passenger aircraft, the current bins provide no protection against a blast inside the compartment. A blast from the overhead bin will certainly damage the fuselage and likely lead to catastrophic inflight structural failure. The feasibility of using an inner blast shield to harden the overhead bin compartment of a Boeing 737 aircraft to protect the fuselage skin in such a threat scenario has been demonstrated using field tests. The blast shield was constructed with composite material based on the unibody concept. The design was carried out using LS-DYNA finite element model simulations. Material panels were first designed to pass the FAA shock holing and fire tests. The finite element model included the full coupling of the overhead bin with the fuselage structure accounting for all the different structural connections. A large number of iterative simulations were carried out to optimize the fiber stacking sequence and shield thickness to minimize weight and achieve the design criterion. Three designs, the basic, thick, and thin shields, were field-tested using a frontal fuselage section of the Boeing 737–100 aircraft. The basic and thick shields protected the integrity of the fuselage skin with no skin crack. This work provides very encouraging results and useful data for optimization implementation of the blast shield design for hardening overhead compartments against the threat of small explosives.

Physical Cutting Model of Polyamide Composites (PA66 GF30)

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Mata ◽  
Pedro Reis ◽  
J. Paulo Davim
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Cutting Velocity ◽  
Cutting Model

Polymeric matrix composite materials presents advantages in a great number of applications due to their high specific strength and stiffness, wear resistance, dimensional stability, low weight and directional properties. As result of these properties and potentials applications exists a strong need to understand the manufacturing processes, particularly the machining process of these composite materials. This paper presents an investigation above the modelization of the cut, turning of small workpieces, on two materials: a polymer PA 6 (Polyamide) and a composite PA 66-GF30 (reinforced with 30% of glass fiber). The tests were carried out polycrystalline diamond tools (PCD). The objective of this experimental study is to evaluate the influence of the glass fiber reinforcement on the friction angle (ρ), shear angle (Φ), normal and shear stresses (σ, τ), chip deformation (ε) under the cutting parameters prefixed (cutting velocity and feed rate). The experimental model was compared with the theoretical model of Merchant.

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