Borborids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) infesting Sewage Disposal Tanks, with Notes on the Life Cycle, Behaviour and Control of Leptocera (Leptocera) caenosa (Rondani)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. H. Fredeen ◽  
M. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
And Control

AbstractA unique problem involving borborid infestations in modern septic sewage-disposal tanks is described. Two species, Leptocera (Leptocera) caenosa (Rondani) and L. (Limosina) empirica (Hutton) are new to North America. A third, yet undetermined, is related to L. (Limosina) gracilipennis Spul.Adults emerging from tanks in new schools sometimes blackened lavatory windows. Domestic septic tanks were seldom infested and chemical tanks never infested. Factors responsible, prevention and control are discussed. The main pest species, L. caenosa, was cultured. At about 72°F. the egg stage lasted about 48 hrs. and the larval and pupal stages 7 or more days each. In a humid atmosphere males survived up to 32 days and females 79 days. Fertile eggs were laid as late as 47 days after mating, with a maximum of more than 1300 eggs per female. Observations, including olfactometer tests, indicated that L. caenosa should not initiate a public health problem.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Booklet Dan Wondershare Video Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Jumantik-PSN Dan Angka Bebas Jentik Pada SMP Negeri Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Natalansyah Natalansyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
School Children ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Video Group ◽  
And Control

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a contagious disease and is a major public health problem in Indonesia. Palangkaraya City's DBD IR for three years has continued to increase and become 68% and CFR 2% in 2018, this is due to the community's participation in PSN activities that have not been carried out optimally. One of the strategies to optimize community participation in the prevention and control of Dengue Fever is the empowerment of students with video media and booklets in improving the behavior of Jumantik-PSN school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the use of the WonderShare video media with booklets in increasing the behavior of jumantik-PSN school children and larva free rates in SMP Negeri 9 and 16 in the area of Kayon Puskesmas, Jekan Raya District, Palangka Raya City. This study used an experimental design. Two groups of pre and posttest designs. Samples were 50 students in grade 7 & 8, each of 25 groups of video media and booklets, instruments used were WonderShare videos, booklets, questionnaires, checklist sheets. The results showed that the independent t-test - there was a difference in the increase in mean scores, Knowledge between the video group and the booklet: P = 0.041 (P <0.5)Conclusion: Video media is effective in increasing Jumantik-PSN knowledge of school children and reducing larva free rates. Suggestion: to schools and Puskesmas to innovate counseling media with WonderShare video (video via WhatsApp) in increasing Jumantik-PSN's knowledge about the prevention and prevention of DHF so as to reduce larva free rates and cases.

scholarly journals Policies and Programs for the Prevention and Control of Breast Cancer in Mexican and Latin American Women: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Martin Ramos Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Breast Cancer Care ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Breast cancer has become a major public health problem around the world, especially in Mexico and Latin America. Screening for breast cancer, which involves self-examination, mammography, and clinical breast examination, is crucial for early diagnosis, which in turn is associated with improved outcomes and survival rates. Although breast cancer prevention and control activities are being implemented in Mexico and Latin America, as in many other countries, there are no comprehensive public reports that provide information on the number, type, and scope of these activities; the impact of the programs and actions implemented; and the policies that form the basis of these programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to present the design of a protocol for a scoping review on the policies and action programs for breast cancer care in Mexico and Latin America, as well as their objectives and implementation plans. METHODS This scoping review is guided by the methodological reference framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A systematic search of the following electronic databases will be performed: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EBSCOHost), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHost), ERIC, ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index) in English and Cochrane and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish. A search will be conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2018. Data will be analyzed and presented in descriptive statistics and qualitative content analyses with analysis matrices and semantic networks. The selected studies will be arranged according to the Specific Action Program, Prevention and Control of Female Cancer 2013-2018. RESULTS The intention is to perform this review during the first and second quarters of 2019 and present the results to health authorities by the first quarter of 2020. Results will also be sent for publication to an indexed journal by the second quarter of 2020. CONCLUSIONS We present a protocol for a scoping review–type literature revision based on the Arksey and O’Malley methodology to be performed during the first quarter of 2019. According to this 6-stage methodology, we will identify the scientific publications that present or analyze first-level action policies and programs for breast cancer care in Mexican women, as well as the results of these policies and programs, if any. The outcome of this review will be used to define the basis of a research project intended to design an educational intervention strategy for the general public in Mexico to enable them to deal with this public health problem. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR PRR1-10.2196/12624

Assessing Information on Public Health Law Best Practices for Obesity Prevention and Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Peter D. Jacobson ◽  
Susan C. Kim ◽  
Susan R. Tortolero
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Core Element ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
And Control ◽  
Legal Interventions

In 2008, Representative John Read of Mississippi recently co-sponsored state legislation that would ban restaurants from serving obese customers. He later admitted that the bill was a publicity stunt,meant to “shed a little light on the number one problem in Mississippi.” Although controversial, Read’s bill exemplifies both the current perception of obesity as a national public health problem and the general sentiment underlying the types of interventions that are being considered to address this issue. The proposed legislation also demonstrates how policymakers can use or, in this case misuse, information about obesity to generate significant discussion on an issue along with ill-conceived legal interventions.Information sharing and the methods used to share best practices are components of the fourth core element of public health legal preparedness.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas System: A Potential Technology for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 and Emerging Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Ding ◽  
Jinzhao Long ◽  
Mingzhu Yuan ◽  
Yuefei Jin ◽  
Haiyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Control

The continued global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious threat to global public health and social stability and it has become a serious global public health problem. Unfortunately, existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the prevention and control of COVID-19 have many shortcomings. In recent years, the emerging CRISPR/Cas technology can complement the problems of traditional methods. Biological tools based on CRISPR/Cas systems have been widely used in biomedicine. In particular, they are advantageous in pathogen detection, clinical antiviral therapy, drug, and vaccine development. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas technology may have great potential for application in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and emerging infectious diseases in the future. This article summarizes the existing applications of CRISPR/Cas technology in infectious diseases with the aim of providing effective strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases in the future.

scholarly journals The state of the leprosy epidemic in Yunnan, China 2011–2020: A spatial and spatiotemporal analysis, highlighting areas for intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0009783
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Tie-Jun Shui
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background Despite public health efforts to reduce the leprosy burden in Yunnan, China, leprosy remains an important public health problem in some specific areas. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of leprosy in Yunnan, China, and provide data to guide disease prevention and control efforts. Methodology/principal findings The surveillance data of newly detected leprosy cases in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020 were extracted from the LEPROSY MANAGEMANT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CHINA (LEPMIS), and spatial distribution analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and spatiotemporal scanning were performed with ArcGIS 10.6.1, GeoDa 1.8.8, and SaTScan 9.4.3 software, respectively. A total of 1907 newly detected leprosy cases were reported in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020. The new case detection rate (NCDR) decreased from 0.62 in 2011 to 0.25 in 2020, with an annual incidence of 0.41/100,000 population. The proportions of multibacillary (MB) cases, cases in female patients, cases causing grade 2 physical disability (G2D), and cases in pediatric patients were 67.07%, 33.93%, 17.99%, and 2.83%, respectively. The number of counties with an incidence above 1/100,000 population decreased from 30 in 2011 to 8 in 2020. The Moran’s I of leprosy in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020 ranged from 0.076 to 0.260, indicating the presence of spatial clusters. Local spatial autocorrelation (LSA) analysis showed that high-high cluster areas (hot spots) were mainly distributed in the southeastern, northern, and northwestern regions. Spatiotemporal scanning showed three clusters with high NCDRs. The probably primary clusters, occurring during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2015, covered 11 counties in the southeastern region (RR = 5.046515, LRR = 271.749664, P = 0.000). Conclusion The number of leprosy cases in Yunnan decreased overall, although some high-NCDR regions remained. Geographic information system (GIS) analysis coupled with spatial analysis indicated regions with leprosy clusters. Continuous leprosy prevention and control strategies in Yunnan Province should be established, and interventions in high-risk regions should be prioritized and further strengthened.

scholarly journals Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009617
Author(s):  
Philip P. Mshelbwala ◽  
J. Scott Weese ◽  
Olufunmilayo A. Sanni-Adeniyi ◽  
Shovon Chakma ◽  
Stephen S. Okeme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
And Control

Background Human rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria–the most populous country in Africa–rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control program. Methods We conducted a scoping review using standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify and select published articles from Nigeria during 1978–2020 reporting on rabies virus infections (human, canine, livestock, and wildlife), canine bites, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys on rabies and canine ecology studies. We extracted information on study location, year and additional details of each study such as rabies prevalence, general characteristics of offending dogs, dog vaccination status and health-seeking behaviours. Findings Between 1978 and 2020, 90 published articles met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of rabies virus antigen detection varied between 3% and 28%, with more studies in the north. Most bites were unprovoked from dog bite studies (36.4%-97%), by dogs with low vaccination rates (12–38%). A more significant proportion of biting dogs were owned (31–90%). Laboratory confirmation for biting was available for only a small proportion of studies (6%; n = 2/32). Of the dogs surveyed during ecology studies, indigenous dogs accounted for the majority (62–98%), used mostly for security purposes (52–98%), with the vaccination rate between 15% and 38% in most states. Studies conducted in areas distant from rabies diagnostic facilities accounted for more human rabies cases and fewer dog rabies cases. Conclusion Significant improvements are necessary to achieve the elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030.

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

An Overview of the Ethics of Injury in Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
Prompt Attention ◽  
And Control

This chapter briefly introduces ethics issues in injury prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), using a series of examples that prompt attention to the ethical principles of autonomy and justice. The chapter also introduces the section of The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics dedicated to an examination of injury and public health ethics, with attention given to the complex ethical challenges arising in injury prevention and control in LMICs. The section’s two chapters discuss public health ethics issues arising in the prevention and control of unintentional injuries and intentional injuries, respectively. Those chapters define a set of ethics issues within international injury work and provide an initial analysis of the nature of those ethics issues, their specificity, and potential pathways for addressing them.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Risk Assessment: Contributing to Maintaining Urban Public Health Security and Achieving Sustainable Urban Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4208
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiaodie Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemic Risk

As the most infectious disease in 2020, COVID-19 is an enormous shock to urban public health security and to urban sustainable development. Although the epidemic in China has been brought into control at present, the prevention and control of it is still the top priority of maintaining public health security. Therefore, the accurate assessment of epidemic risk is of great importance to the prevention and control even to overcoming of COVID-19. Using the fused data obtained from fusing multi-source big data such as POI (Point of Interest) data and Tencent-Yichuxing data, this study assesses and analyzes the epidemic risk and main factors that affect the distribution of COVID-19 on the basis of combining with logistic regression model and geodetector model. What’s more, the following main conclusions are obtained: the high-risk areas of the epidemic are mainly concentrated in the areas with relatively dense permanent population and floating population, which means that the permanent population and floating population are the main factors affecting the risk level of the epidemic. In other words, the reasonable control of population density is greatly conducive to reducing the risk level of the epidemic. Therefore, the control of regional population density remains the key to epidemic prevention and control, and home isolation is also the best means of prevention and control. The precise assessment and analysis of the epidemic conducts by this study is of great significance to maintain urban public health security and achieve the sustainable urban development.

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