Management of Hypertension and Diabetes in Obesity: Non-Pharmacological Measures

Obesity has become a global epidemic over the past few decades because of unhealthy dietary habits and reduced physical activity. Hypertension and diabetes are quite common among obese individuals and there is a linear relationship between the degree of obesity and these diseases. Lifestyle interventions like dietary modifications and regular exercise are still important and safe first-line measures for treatment. Recently, bariatric surgery has emerged as an important and very effective treatment option for obese individuals especially in those with comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes. Though there are few effective drugs for the management of obesity, their efficacy is only modest, and they should always be combined with lifestyle interventions for optimal benefit. In this paper we aim to outline the non-pharmacological measures for the management of hypertension and diabetes in obesity.

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Risk Factor Of Substitution ARV First Line People Living With HIV/AIDS In General Hospital Buleleng Bali

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i1.240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 190-197

Author(s):

Luh Putu Desy Puspaningrat ◽

Gusti Putu Candra ◽

Putu Dian Prima Kusuma Dewi ◽

I Made Sundayana ◽

Indrie Lutfiana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

General Hospital ◽

Medical Records ◽

Secondary Data ◽

District General Hospital ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

First Line ◽

The Past ◽

Factor Substitution ◽

Living With Hiv

Substitution is still a threat to the failure of ARV therapy so that no matter how small it must be noted and monitored in ARV therapy. The aims was analysis risk factor substitution ARV first line in therapy ARV. This study was an analytic longitudinal study with retrospective secondary data analysis in a cohort of patients receiving ARV therapy at the District General Hospital of Buleleng District for the period of 2006-2015 and secondary data from medical records of PLHA patients receiving ART. Result in this study that the percentage of first-line ARV substitution events is 9.88% (119/1204) who received ARV therapy for the past 11 years. Risk factors that increase the risk of substitution in ARV therapy patients are zidovudine (aOR 4.29 CI 1.31 -2.65 p 0.01), nevirapine (aOR1.86 CI 2.15 - 8.59 p 0.01) and functional working status (aOR 1.46 CI 1.13 - 1.98 p 0.01).

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The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK): An Intriguing Pharmacological Target for an Innovative Class of Diuretic Drugs

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171012120937 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 2627-2636 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vincenzo Calderone ◽

Alma Martelli ◽

Eugenia Piragine ◽

Valentina Citi ◽

Lara Testai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physiological Role ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

First Line ◽

Potassium Homeostasis ◽

Diuretic Drugs ◽

Pharmacological Target ◽

Diuretic Agents ◽

Effective Drugs

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

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Microbial Genetic Screens for Monitoring Protein Misfolding Associated with Neurodegeneration: Tools for Identifying Disease-Relevant Genes and for Screening Synthetic and Natural Compound Libraries for the Discovery of Potential Therapeutics

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180515143752 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 2055-2075 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kalliopi Kostelidou ◽

Ilias Matis ◽

Georgios Skretas

Keyword(s):

Protein Misfolding ◽

Socioeconomic Impact ◽

Genetic Screens ◽

Subsequent Formation ◽

The Past ◽

Compound Libraries ◽

Selection Systems ◽

Cellular Factors ◽

Effective Drugs ◽

Potential Therapeutics

Neurodegenerative Diseases (ND) are a major threat to the aging population and the lack of a single preventive or disease-modifying agent only serves to increase their impact. In the past few years, protein misfolding and the subsequent formation of neurotoxic oligomeric/aggregated protein species have emerged as a unifying theme underlying the pathology of these complex diseases. Recently developed microbial genetic screens and selection systems for monitoring ND-associated protein misfolding have allowed the establishment of highthroughput assays for the identification of cellular factors and processes that are important mediators of NDassociated proteotoxicities. In addition, such systems have facilitated the discovery of synthetic and natural compounds with the ability to rescue the misfolding and the associated pathogenic effects of aggregation-prone proteins associated with NDs. This review outlines such available systems in bacteria and yeast, whose usage will likely accelerate the pre-clinical discovery process for effective drugs against a variety of NDs with high socioeconomic impact.

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Children have type 2 diabetes too: an historical perspective

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/bcb-2014-0152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 425-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Heather J. Dean ◽

Elizabeth A.C. Sellers

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Case Series ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

The Past ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

End Stage

Prior to 1985, type 2 diabetes was a disease of adults. Simultaneously with the global epidemic of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes has increased in children. Initially, the presentation of small case series of type 2 diabetes in children was met with skepticism. As the number and size of the case series grew and the first long-term outcomes of end-stage complications in young adults appeared in the literature, the international community took notice with guarded interest. Type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects the children of specific ethnic groups and from disadvantaged socioeconomic environments, especially Indigenous populations. The past decade has seen unprecedented intense global interest in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of type 2 diabetes in children.

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Elucidation of Early Evolution of HIV-1 Group M in the Congo Basin Using Computational Methods

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Marcel Tongo ◽

Darren P. Martin ◽

Jeffrey R. Dorfman

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Early Evolution ◽

Congo Basin ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Cold Spots ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Basin Region ◽

Hiv 1

The Congo Basin region is believed to be the site of the cross-species transmission event that yielded HIV-1 group M (HIV-1M). It is thus likely that the virus has been present and evolving in the region since that cross-species transmission. As HIV-1M was only discovered in the early 1980s, our directly observed record of the epidemic is largely limited to the past four decades. Nevertheless, by exploiting the genetic relatedness of contemporary HIV-1M sequences, phylogenetic methods provide a powerful framework for investigating simultaneously the evolutionary and epidemiologic history of the virus. Such an approach has been taken to find that the currently classified HIV-1 M subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) do not give a complete view of HIV-1 diversity. In addition, the currently identified major HIV-1M subtypes were likely genetically predisposed to becoming a major component of the present epidemic, even before the events that resulted in the global epidemic. Further efforts have identified statistically significant hot- and cold-spots of HIV-1M subtypes sequence inheritance in genomic regions of recombinant forms. In this review we provide ours and others recent findings on the emergence and spread of HIV-1M variants in the region, which have provided insights into the early evolution of this virus.

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Lifestyle modifications: A key to manage diabetes

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.3.0405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Ashok B. Giri ◽

Vishal T. Shinde ◽

Pradip R. Lengare ◽

Dr. Ramdas D. Shinde

Keyword(s):

Management Strategy ◽

Blood Sugar Level ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Abnormal Metabolism ◽

Dietary Modifications

Diabetes is one of the leading challenges to the health care or`ganization across world. Worldwide, 422 million peoples suffering from diabetes 1. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, protein. The main etiological factors contributes in the development of diabetes are sedentary lifestyle, obesity, intake of junk foods. It is mandatory to manage increased blood sugar level (BSL) to prevent microvascular as well as macrovascular complications. To manage diabetes, metformin and insulin play a key role hence these two medications added in the diabetes pharmacotherapy. Diabetes is not a treatable disease hence we have to maintain weight by doing regular exercise and implementation of dietary modifications. It is important to maintain the balance of daily calories intake and their utilization by practicing physical activity remain the primary and most effective prevention strategy for diabetes management. A management strategy basically involves promotion of effective weight loss and physical exercise, but it is compulsory to do exercise and follow dietary modifications regularly. This is a comprehensive review which focuses on lifestyle modifications in diabetes. How lifestyle modification play a key role in the management of both type of diabetes along with pharmacotherapy.

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Comparison between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV 2

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127103022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 271 ◽

pp. 03022

Author(s):

Meng Fang

Keyword(s):

Transmission Rate ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Global Community ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

The Third ◽

Biological Features ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Mechanisms ◽

Viral Respiratory

COVID-19, which is officially called SARS-CoV-2, is a newly emerging viral respiratory illness leading to a global epidemic, which causes concerns among the global community in November 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is considered as the third global coronavirus epidemic in the past 20 years after SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS in 2012. SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV which was first reported in Guangdong, China in 2002. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share similar and different biological features, clinical manifestations, region distribution, transmission mechanisms, and clinical treatments. In this paper, differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are analyzed to provide valuable information for further research. Through analysis, we found SARS-CoV-2 and SARSCoV share a lot of similarities, but also have differences in clinical manifestations, pathogenicity, transmission rate and treatments.

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Materials and techniques for percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies

The Journal of Vascular Access ◽

10.1177/1129729818785051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Umberto G Rossi ◽

Gian Andrea Rollandi ◽

Anna Maria Ierardi ◽

Alessandro Valdata ◽

Francesco Pinna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Case Reports ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

First Line ◽

Percutaneous Approach ◽

Percutaneous Retrieval ◽

The Past ◽

Intravascular Foreign Body ◽

Common Intervention

The presence of an intravascular foreign body represents a well-known risk of serious complications. While in the past surgical removal of intravascular foreign body was the most common intervention, nowadays a percutaneous approach in the retrieval of an intravascular foreign body is widely accepted as the first-line technique. In the literature, many case reports describe different techniques and materials. This article summarizes and illustrates the main materials and techniques currently applied for percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign body, providing a simplified tool with different interventional possibilities, adaptable to different clinical situations.

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Impact of the first-line treatment shift from dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine to artesunate/mefloquine on Plasmodium vivax drug susceptibility in Cambodia

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkaa092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

pp. 1766-1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camille Roesch ◽

Mélissa Mairet-Khedim ◽

Saorin Kim ◽

Dysoley Lek ◽

Jean Popovici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Single Mutation ◽

First Line ◽

The Past ◽

Drug Assays ◽

Number Variation ◽

In Vitro Response

Abstract Background Cambodia is the epicentre of the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance. Much less is known regarding the drug susceptibility of the co-endemic Plasmodium vivax. Only in vitro drug assays can determine the parasite’s intrinsic susceptibility, but these are challenging to implement for P. vivax and rarely performed. Objectives To evaluate the evolution of Cambodian P. vivax susceptibility to antimalarial drugs and determine their association with putative markers of drug resistance. Methods In vitro response to three drugs used in the past decade in Cambodia was measured for 52 clinical isolates from Eastern Cambodia collected between 2015 and 2018 and the sequence and copy number variation of their pvmdr1 and pvcrt genes were analysed. pvmdr1 polymorphism was also determined for an additional 250 isolates collected in Eastern Cambodia between 2014 and 2019. Results Among the 52 cryopreserved isolates tested, all were susceptible to the three drugs, with overall median IC50s of 16.1 nM (IQR 11.4–22.3) chloroquine, 3.4 nM (IQR 2.1–5.0) mefloquine and 4.6 nM (IQR 2.7–7.0) piperaquine. A significant increase in chloroquine and piperaquine susceptibility was observed between 2015 and 2018, unrelated to polymorphisms in pvcrt and pvmdr1. Susceptibility to mefloquine was significantly lower in parasites with a single mutation in pvmdr1 compared with isolates with multiple mutations. The proportion of parasites with this single mutation genotype increased between 2014 and 2019. Conclusions P. vivax with decreased susceptibility to mefloquine is associated with the introduction of mefloquine-based treatment during 2017–18.

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Resection of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Neoplasms after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine following FOLFIRINOX Failure

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000478722 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 422-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sarah Hahn ◽

Ahmet Ayav ◽

Anthony Lopez

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Response Rates ◽

Vascular Involvement ◽

Hematologic Toxicity ◽

First Line ◽

The Past ◽

Single Center Experience

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has dramatically increased over the past years, but the prognosis has not improved. Between 30 and 40% of tumors are considered locally advanced, essentially due to vascular involvement. In recent years, new chemotherapy protocols with high response rates have been developed. FOLFIRINOX seems to be an interesting option in this situation, but hematologic toxicity could be an obstacle to its prescription. Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine offer significant response rates with a reasonable safety profile. We report here a single-center experience of 2 cases with a locally advanced pancreatic cancer initially considered unresectable, progressive after first-line neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, and then treated with second-line nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine chemotherapy.

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