scholarly journals Biological Characteristics and Medical Treatment of Breast Cancer in Young Women—A Featured Population: Results from the NORA Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pronzato ◽  
G. Mustacchi ◽  
A. De Matteis ◽  
F. Di Costanzo ◽  
E. Rulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Positive Nodal Status ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The present paper described the biological characteristics and clinical behavior of young women in the cohort NORA studyPatients and Methods. From 2000–2002, patients () were enrolled at 77 Italian hospitals. Women aged years () were stratified into age groups (, 36–40, 41–45, and 46–50 years). The relationship between age and patient characteristics, cancer presentation, and treatment was analyzed.Results. Younger women more frequently had tumors with ER/PgR-negative(; ), HER2 amplification (; ), and high () Ki67 labelling index (; ). Positive nodal status, large tumors, and elevated Ki67 all associated with the choice for chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive patients (). At univariate analysis, ER-ve status, chemotherapy and age resulted as the only statistically significant variables (, , and versus , , resp.). At multivariate analysis, after adjustment for significant clinical and pathological factors, age remains a significant prognostic variable (, ).Conclusion. This cohort study suggests that ageper sèis an important prognostic factor. The restricted role of early diagnosis and the aggressive behavior of cancer in this population make necessary the application of targeted medical strategies crucial.

scholarly journals Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110029
Author(s):  
Mira Merashli ◽  
Alessia Arcaro ◽  
Maria Graf ◽  
Matilde Caruso ◽  
Paul R. J. Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and sickle cell disease (SCD) has never been systematically addressed. Our aim was to evaluate potential links between SCD and aPL in all age groups. EMBASE/PubMed was screened from inception to May 2020 and Peto odds ratios for rare events were calculated. The pooled prevalence (PP) of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) was higher in individuals with SCD than in controls (27.9% vs 8.7%, P < 0.0001), that of IgM aCL was similar in the two groups (2.9% vs 2.7%); only individuals with SCD were positive for lupus anticoagulant (LA) (7.7% vs 0%, P < 0.0001). The PP of leg ulcers was similar between aPL positive and negative individuals (44% vs 53%) and between patients in acute crisis and stable patients (5.6% vs 7.3%). Reporting of aPL as a binary outcome and not as a titer precluded further interpretation. The results indicate that a prospective case-control study with serial measurements of a panel of aPL in SCD patients might be warranted, in order to understand further the possible pathogenic role of aPL in SCD.

The role of affect in practicing a musical instrument: A systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-863
Author(s):  
Zofia Mazur ◽  
Mariola Laguna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Music Learning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Instrumental Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Context Free

Affect impacts people’s cognitive processes as well as provides the energy to pursue goals and engage in actions. Research suggests that affect might influence instrumental learning behavior. This review aims to summarize the existing literature concerning the relationship between affect and instrumental practice. In order to determine the role of affect in undertaking instrumental practice and in engagement in practice, we conducted a systematic search via electronic databases and reference lists; we also hand-searched the key journals. Studies were included in the review if they concerned both affect and practicing behavior in musicians and instrumental students across all age groups and if the relationships between the two constructs were investigated. We focused on individual instrumental practice in the classical repertoire. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. They reported quantitative relationships between affect and the amount of practice or qualitatively described the role of affect in practice engagement. The results of this systematic review show that practicing a musical instrument is associated with different types of affect—practice-related, performance-related, and context-free affect. Further investigation of affect in the context of music learning may inform future interventions for instrumentalists motivating them to practice.

Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Distress Among Young Couples: The Role of the Pattern of Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-562
Author(s):  
Josette Sader ◽  
Camille Roy ◽  
Stéphane Guay
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sem Analyses

The objective of this study was to assess whether the psychological distress of young men and women involved in intimate partner violence (IPV) is predicted by their reported role in the pattern of violence. Dyadic structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed on a sample of 205 young couples, controlling for income, cohabitation, children, and the length of the relationship. Findings revealed that the most common reported pattern of IPV was mutual in nature. Reported bidirectional violence within the couple was related to distress for both sexes. The couple’s income and the length of their relationship were negatively associated with psychological distress, namely for young women. Findings point to the importance of considering therapy in a couple-context.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Family Role and Self-Care Patients with Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Devi Permatasari ◽  
Cucu Rokayah ◽  
Ruhyat Ejeb
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Schizophrenia is a serious disease that results in psychotic behavior, disruption in processing information, and interpersonal relationships, the prevalence of schizophrenia in Indonesia, which is around 400,000 people, patients with schizophrenia tend to experience a decrease in self-care. This is due to the decline in some brain functions that are owned by these patients which make it difficult to express emotions, withdraw from the social environment, lose motivation, not interested in doing daily activities, and ignore personal hygiene, to self-care schizophrenic patients need a family role. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the role of the family and self-care in schizophrenic patients in the Outpatient Installation of the Mental Hospital of West Java Province. This study uses a quantitative method with a type of descriptive correlation research, using accidental sampling technique and cross sectional approach. The sample in this study amounted to 296 patient families. This study used a family role questionnaire and self-care questionnaire. The independent variables studied were the role of the family and the dependent variable studied, namely self-care. Univariate analysis uses frequency distribution and bivariate using chi-square. The results showed that patients had a good family role of 151 respondents (51.0%), and for self-care patients who needed as many as 125 (42.2%) assistive devices. There is a significant relationship between the relationship of the role of the family and self-care in schizophrenic patients p-value = 0.006.   Keywords: self-care, family role

scholarly journals Characteristics of telehealth users in NYC for COVID-related care during the coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949-1954
Author(s):  
Ellerie Weber ◽  
Sarah J Miller ◽  
Varuna Astha ◽  
Teresa Janevic ◽  
Emma Benn
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objective To explore whether racial/ethnic differences in telehealth use existed during the peak pandemic period among NYC patients seeking care for COVID-19 related symptoms. Materials and Methods This study used data from a large health system in NYC – the epicenter of the US crisis – to describe characteristics of patients seeking COVID-related care via telehealth, ER, or office encounters during the peak pandemic period. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated the magnitude of the relationship between patient characteristics and the odds of having a first encounter via telehealth versus ER or office visit, and then used regression parameter estimates to predict patients’ probabilities of using different encounter types given their characteristics. Results Demographic factors, including race/ethnicity and age, were significantly predictive of telehealth use. As compared to Whites, Blacks had higher adjusted odds of using both the ER versus telehealth (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 4.0-4.6) and office visits versus telehealth (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5). For Hispanics versus Whites, the analogous ORs were 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3-2.7) and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3). Compared to any age groups, patients 65+ had significantly higher odds of using either ER or office visits versus telehealth. Conclusions The response to COVID-19 has involved an unprecedented expansion in telehealth. While older Americans and minority populations among others are known to be disadvantaged by the digital divide, few studies have examined disparities in telehealth specifically, and none during COVID-19. Additional research into sociodemographic heterogeneity in telehealth use is needed to prevent potentially further exacerbating health disparities overall.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional Peripheral Refraction and Retinal Image Quality in Emmetropic Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhong Lan ◽  
Zhenghua Lin ◽  
Zhikuang Yang ◽  
Pablo Artal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Homogeneous Pattern ◽  
Horizontal Refraction ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between the optical properties of the eye in the periphery and myopia development is still under debate. To further clarify this issue, we provide here baseline data of two-dimensional peripheral optics results in a group of emmetropic Chinese children. Peripheral aberrations were measured under cycloplegia by using an open-view Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (VPR, Voptica SL, Spain). This instrument allows to measure fast in the horizontal visual field from temporal 30° to nasal 30° every 1°. Two-dimensional (2D) maps were retrieved from a series of horizonal scans taken every 4° from 20° superior to 16° inferior covering a visual field of 60 × 36°. A relatively homogeneous pattern of the 2D relative peripheral refraction was found across all these emmetropic subjects. Using cluster analysis followed by manual visual refinement, the 2D maps were identified to fit into four categories. More than 70% of the subjects showed a nearly flat horizontal refraction with a slightly myopic shift in the superior retina. Peripheral astigmatism was quite constant across subjects and similar to that expected theoretically. Peripheral aberrations were also similar to those in the fovea for a large retinal area. These baseline data would offer an important reference to compare with the future evolution with time, as well as with other refractive or age groups of subjects, to better understand the role of peripheral optical properties in myopia development.

Abstract 6082: Sex Differences in Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Changes from 1994 to 2006

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Vaccarino ◽  
Lori Parsons ◽  
Eric D Peterson ◽  
William J Rogers ◽  
Catarina Kiefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Study Population

Introduction. In the past 10 years, several studies have shown that younger, but not older, women have a higher hospital mortality than age-matched men. We examined whether such mortality differences have declined in recent years. Methods. We investigated temporal tends in the case fatality of MI according to sex and age (in 5 age groups) during a12-year period, 1994 to 2006. The study population included 916,380 MI patients from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI) who had a confirmed diagnosis of MI. Results. Hospital mortality declined markedly between 1994 and 2006 in all patients, but more so in women than in men in virtually every age group. The mortality reduction in 2006 relative to 1994 was largest in women <55 years old (53%) and lowest in men <55 years old (33%). In patients <55 years, the absolute decline in mortality was 3 times larger in women than in men (2.7% vs 0.9%). The sex difference in mortality decline became progressively lower in older patients (p=0.002 for the interaction between sex, age and year). As a result, the excess mortality in younger women compared with men was less pronounced in 2004 – 06 than in 1994 –95 (Figure ). Changes in patient characteristics and treatments over time accounted in part for these mortality trends. Conclusion. In recent years, women, particularly younger women, experienced larger improvements in hospital mortality after MI than men. As a result, the higher mortality of younger MI women compared with men has narrowed.

Geosocial Factors Associated With Adherence to Statin Medications

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Erickson ◽  
Mercedes Bravo ◽  
Joshua Tootoo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Racial Isolation ◽  
Geographic Accessibility ◽  
Public Health Initiative ◽  
Pharmacy Claims ◽  
The Social ◽  
Proportion Of Days Covered ◽  
Statin Adherence ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Individual patient characteristics, social determinants, and geographic access may be associated with patients engaging in appropriate health behaviors. Objective: To assess the relationship between statin adherence, geographic accessibility to pharmacies, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics in Michigan. Methods: The proportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated from pharmacy claims of a large insurer of adults who had prescriptions for statins between July 2009 and June 2010. A PDC ≥0.80 was defined as adherent. The predictor of interest was a ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level measure of geographic accessibility to pharmacies, measured using a method that integrates availability and access into a single index. We fit unadjusted models as well as adjusted models controlling for age, sex, and ZCTA-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES), racial isolation (RI) of non-Hispanic blacks, and urbanicity. Results: More than 174 000 patients’ claims data were analyzed. In adjusted models, pharmacy access was not associated with adherence (0.99; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.03). Greater RI (0.87; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.88) and urban status (0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96) were associated with lower odds of adherence. Individuals in ZCTAs with higher SES had higher odds of adherence, as were men and older age groups. Conclusion and Relevance: Adherence to statin prescriptions was lower for patients living in areas characterized as being racially segregated or lower income. Initiating interventions to enhance adherence, informed by understanding the social and systematic barriers patients face when refilling medication, is an important public health initiative that pharmacists practicing in these areas may undertake.

scholarly journals Waist circumference as a determinant of hypertension and diabetes in Brazilian women: a population-based study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTA Olinto ◽  
LC Nacul ◽  
DP Gigante ◽  
JSD Costa ◽  
AMB Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the role of central adiposity, as evaluated by the measurement of waist circumference (WC), as an independent risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the setting of a developing country.Design:Population-based, cross-sectional study.Setting:A medium-sized town in southern Brazil.Participants:One thousand and ninety-five non-pregnant women, 20 to 69 years old, recruited by cluster random sampling between 1999 and 2000. Their mean WC was 85.3 cm (standard deviation 13.9 cm) and 23.3% (n = 255) were obese (body mass index >30 kg m−2). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 25.6% (n = 280) and 6.2% (n = 68), respectively.Results:The risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly related to WC measurement. Women with WC > 80 cm had increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 6.2, P < 0.001). The association remained significant (OR = 1.04 per cm increase in WC, P = 0.02) after adjusting for confounders. The effect of WC on diabetes was modified by age. The effect was stronger in women younger than 40 years old (OR = 12.7, P = 0.016) than in those over 40 years old (OR = 2.8, P = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio was 5.7 (P = 0.12) in those under 40 years old and 2.8 (P = 0.008) in older women.Conclusions:Waist circumference is an independent determinant for hypertension and diabetes in women in this population. The stronger association between WC and diabetes in younger women suggests that the validity of this indicator to assess abdominal adiposity is age-specific. Further studies should validate the usefulness of WC measurement in different age groups.

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