scholarly journals Renewed Global Partnerships and Redesigned Roadmaps for Rabies Prevention and Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Lembo ◽  
Michaël Attlan ◽  
Hervé Bourhy ◽  
Sarah Cleaveland ◽  
Peter Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Canine rabies, responsible for most human rabies deaths, is a serious global public health concern. This zoonosis is entirely preventable, but by focusing solely upon rabies prevention in humans, this “incurable wound” persists at high costs. Although preventing human deaths through canine rabies elimination is feasible, dog rabies control is often neglected, because dogs are not considered typical economic commodities by the animal health sector. Here, we demonstrate that the responsibility of managing rabies falls upon multiple sectors, that a truly integrated approach is the key to rabies elimination, and that considerable progress has been made to this effect. Achievements include the construction of global rabies networks and organizational partnerships; development of road maps, operational toolkits, and a blueprint for rabies prevention and control; and opportunities for scaling up and replication of successful programs. Progress must continue towards overcoming the remaining challenges preventing the ultimate goal of rabies elimination.

scholarly journals History, evolution and newer perspectives of rabies vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Rabies continues to be one of the most deadly infectious diseases known to human race since antiquity, with a case fatality rate almost 100 per cent after the onset of clinical disease. The disease still has a significant impact on human and animal living all over the globe. It is found on all continents where terrestrial animals exist, with the bulk of animal and human cases documented in resource-constrained African and Asian countries, where thousands of human deaths are being recorded annually. The disease produces one of the most agonising deaths in humans and it is likely that the global statistic of roughly 59,000 human rabies fatalities per year is an underestimate. Scientific innovations that led to the successful development of several vaccines and immunisation policies in identified ‘at risk’human and animal populationshave gained a great reputation in minimising the impact of disease across wide portions of the globe.Vaccines continue to be the most significant triumphs of the combined global efforts of the public and animal health communities and has achieved significant strides in the treatment, prevention, and control of disease. This paper describes the history, evolution, and accomplishments of human ingenuity, scientific endeavour, and the joint global efforts of the public and animal health communities that resulted in evolving an effective prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Prevention and control of bovine cysticercosis: a Delphi study

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizandro Pruence Nickele ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis ◽  
And Control

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage (Cysticercus bovis) of Taenia saginata. This study aimed to identify prevention and control measures for bovine cysticercosis indicated by experts in the fields of public and animal health. The study was conducted through three rounds of the Delphi method and had the participation of 44 experts from 13 Brazilian states in 30 educational institutions, research institutions, and sanitary inspection services. The first round comprised an open question, the answers to which formed the basis for structuring the second and third questionnaire. To reach a consensus in the second and third rounds, experts were asked to express their agreement or disagreement of each proposition on the questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed at the end of each round. Twenty-three specialists (52.27%) participated in all three rounds. The first round resulted in 28 proposals categorized into six areas: health education, methods of diagnosis and treatment, sanitation measures, epidemiological studies, legislation and sanitary supervision, and intersectorality. In the second round, the experts reached a consensus on 16 propositions (57.14%). This percentage increased by 3.54% during the third round. At the end of the third round, the experts had reached a consensus on 17 of the 28 initial propositions (60.71%). The highest percentage of agreement (29.4%) was observed in the category of health education. This study allowed us to identify 17 recommendations pertaining to the prevention and control of bovine cysticercosis. These measures are not mutually exclusive, and require an integrated approach to the establishment of intervention actions at various points in the life cycle of the parasite.

scholarly journals Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: A case for Integrated Rabies Diseases Surveillance, Prevention and Control - A Scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nyasulu ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Rea Tschopp ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
And Control

Background: Rabies a neglected tropical disease, mostly affecting poor and vulnerable populations living in remote rural areas in developing countries. The disease continues to pose a significant public health a threat with an estimated 59,000 dog-transmitted human deaths, of which an estimated 21,476 human deaths occur in Africa each year. The global strategy has been set by the quartite World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), aiming for "zero human deaths associated with dog transmitted rabies by 2030". African countries, however, face several challenges and there are still gaps in controlling rabies. The aim of this study review is to determine rabies prevalence, mortality and associated risk factors in both human population and animal population and to evaluate the presence or absence of integrated one health surveillance response in African nations. Methods and analysis: We will conduct an electronic literature searches on PubMed, CINAHL, (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, and Web of Science and other relevant databases. Reference lists from identified published articles or reviews and conference abstracts will also be searched for relevant articles. Published and unpublished literatures (grey) will be included in the search. The findings will be presented graphically in terms of mortality, morbidity, interventions for rabies control in Africa, research gaps identified, available research evidence, rabies surveillance, prevention and control and adverse events. Conclusion: This review will contribute to the coordination of interventions for surveillance, prevention, and control with African countries as country-based gaps and challenges and opportunities will be highlighted. In addition, the scaling up of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP rabies will be evaluated in African countries and the projection to achieve the target of "zero deaths of human rabies by 2030" in Africa.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Prevention Practice on Dengue and Dengue Seroprevalence in a Dengue Hotspot in Sabah, East Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhanye Mac Guad ◽  
Maw Shin Sim ◽  
Yuan Seng Wu ◽  
Yin Nwe Aung ◽  
Wah Yun Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Dengue, a major global public health concern, is growing more prevalent. Extensive measures have been undertaken to prevent and control dengue transmission in Malaysia including understanding and modification of human behaviour. This study was designed to assist in planning an effective health intervention for dengue by measuring residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) in hotspot areas of Sabah, East Malaysia. Methods: A community-based and cross-sectional study was conducted at dengue hotspot area in Sabah involving 463 residents (aged 18 years and above). Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the residents and their KAP towards dengue was collected using a structured pre-validated questionnaire developed by the researchers. In addition, residents were invited to participate in a dengue seroprevalence study using dengue Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA kit. Results: Most of the residents correctly identified common signs and symptoms of dengue such as fever (84.4%), chills (70.7%), and nausea or vomiting (56.0%). Nearly half of the residents (51.3%) had good knowledge, 66.0% had a positive attitude, and 63.7% had a positive practice for dengue prevention and control, respectively. The dengue seroprevalence study included 200 of the 463 residents; IgG and IgM seropositivity was 74.1% (n = 63) and 7.1% (n = 6) respectively. Based on logistic regression analysis, local and migrants differs considerably in terms of their knowledge and attitude toward dengue prevention and control, while gender and level of education were predictive of practice level (p<0.05) among all sociodemographic variables examined. Knowledge was correlated with attitude (p<0.0001) and practice (p< 0.0014). Discussion: To combat dengue epidemics in the hotspot area of Sabah, a proactive and behavioural changes among residents, are required. To effectively prevent and manage dengue transmission, a collaborative effort of government sectors, private sectors, housing residential committees, and community residents is essential.

scholarly journals Analysis Strategies for Rabies Prevention and Control in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Leitai Shi ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Shouchun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Objective To analyze the current epidemiological characteristics of rabies in China, grasp the law of epidemic changes, and provide scientific basis for rabies prevention and control strategies in China. Methods The data of human rabies prevention and control in China were systematically collected, combined with the genetic sequences of rabies virus street virus epidemic strains in various provinces of China, and statistical and molecular biological methods were used for statistics and analysis. Results The number of rabies cases and deaths in China has decreased year by year. At present, the main method of human rabies transmission in China is dog injury. Post-exposure treatment showed an increase in the rate of self-treatment, a decline in the overall immunity rate of the vaccine, and an increase in the rate of passive immunity. Human rabies vaccines are currently available to meet vaccination needs. In addition, the immune rates of dogs and cats did not change significantly. The rabies street virus strains in China are mainly divided into 6 species including China Ⅰ-China Ⅵ. Conclusion In terms of infrastructure, it is still necessary to increase the number of primary clinics, improve the professional capabilities of medical staff, and strengthen publicity and education on rabies prevention and treatment. In the areas with high incidence of cases, vaccines similar to street strain should be selected for immunization of human and animal.

scholarly journals Global public health significances, health care perception of community, treatments, prevention and control methods of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Addis Adera Gebru ◽  
Tadesse Birhanu ◽  
Eshetu Wendimu ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew ◽  
Selamawit Mulat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Care Perception

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most burden respiratory diseases outbreak. Moreover, the public health emergency to fight COVID-19 outbreak was stated by world health organization as global health concern since March, 2020. However, there has been significantly increased morbidity and moratlity of the community in worldwide.The objective of the review was to describe and review the global public health significances and community and health care perception on features, treatments, prevention and control methods of the Outbreak to slow transmission. METHODS: In this review, the literatures were searched by following online databases which include medRxiv, pubmed, medline and Google scholar databases. The ‘COVID-19’, ‘2019 novel coronavirus’, ‘2019-nCoV’, ‘novel coronavirus’and ‘Pneumonia’ key search terms were used to search the literatures. Scientific papers published online by Center for Disease Control (CDC) and WHO from 1 January to 6 May, 2020 in English language were included for analysis. RESULTS: The result of review indicated that COVID-19 is the serious global public health problem. It more affects immune compromised individuals who are living with chronic diseases, aged and pregnant women. The disease spreads rapidly from one country to countries worldwidely. The 212 countries were highlighted the weakened state of essential public health emergency services. The researchers were addressed lack of communities’ perception including health professionals’ against COVID-19. The

scholarly journals A Remote Management System for Control and Surveillance of Echinococcosis: Design and Implementation Based on Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jie Yang ◽  
Ning Xiao ◽  
Jing-Zhong Li ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Jun-Ying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Management System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Remote Management ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: As a neglected cross-species parasitic disease transmitted between canines and livestock, echinococcosis remains a global public health concern with a heavy disease burden. In China, especially in the epidemic pastoral communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the harsh climate, low socio-economic status, poor overall hygiene, and remote and insufficient access to all owned dogs exacerbate the difficulty in implementing the ambitious control programme for echinococcosis. New methods and tools are urgently needed to increase the deworming coverage and frequency, promote real-time scientific surveillance, and prevent transmission of echinococcosis. Methods: We propose the remote management system (RMS) based on IoT as a novel tool to control smart deworming devices to deliver efficient PZQ baits to dogs regularly and automatically and also as a smart digital management platform to monitor, analyse, and display the epidemic trends of echinococcosis dynamically, in real time. The RMS is an excellent alternative to existing manual deworming methods and management for surveillance of echinococcosis.Results: The smart collars are fully capable of anti-collision, waterproof, and cold-proof performance, and the battery’s energy is sufficient. The RMS can accurately analyse the monitoring data and parameters including positive rates of canine faeces, and the prevalence of echinococcosis in the general population livestock, and children. The data of dogs deworming and surveillance for echinococcosis is able to be controlled using RMS and has expanded gradually in townships to the whole Hezuo region. A total of 48 administrators (3, 3, 8, 11, 23 at the provincial, municipal, county, township, village levels, respectively) participated in the questionnaire survey, with 93.8% of its overall satisfaction rate.Conclusion: The existing difficulties and challenges in the way of prevention and control for echinococcosis can partially be resolved using the innovative, IoT-based technologies and tools. The proposed RMS to advance the upgrade of existing manual prevention and control models for echinococcosis, especially in the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as social distance and community blockade continue.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Population Estimation of Dogs in Thailand: Implications for Rabies Prevention and Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerapong Thanapongtharm ◽  
Suwicha Kasemsuwan ◽  
Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong ◽  
Khemmapat Boonyo ◽  
Tanu Pinyopummintr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Population Management ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Poor management of dog populations causes many problems in different countries, including rabies. To strategically design a dog population management, certain sets of data are required, such as the population size and spatial distribution of dogs. However, these data are rarely available or incomplete. Hence, this study aimed to describe the characteristics of dog populations in Thailand, explore their spatial distribution and relevant factors, and estimate the number of dogs in the whole country. First, four districts were selected as representatives of each region. Each district was partitioned into grids with a 300-m resolution. The selected grids were then surveyed, and the number of dogs and related data were collected. Random forest models with a two-part approach were used to quantify the association between the surveyed dog population and predictor variables. The spatial distribution of dog populations was then predicted. A total of 1,750 grids were surveyed (945 grids with dog presence and 805 grids with dog absence). Among the surveyed dogs, 86.6% (12,027/13,895) were owned. Of these, 51% were classified as independent, followed by confined (25%), semi-independent (21%), and unidentified dogs (3%). Seventy-two percent (1,348/1,868) of the ownerless dogs were feral, and the rest were community dogs. The spatial pattern of the dog populations was highly distributed in big cities such as Bangkok and its suburbs. In owned dogs, it was linked to household demographics, whereas it was related to community factors in ownerless dogs. The number of estimated dogs in the entire country was 12.8 million heads including 11.2 million owned dogs (21.7 heads/km2) and 1.6 million ownerless dogs (3.2 heads/km2). The methods developed here are extrapolatable to a larger area and use much less budget and manpower compared to the present practices. Our results are helpful for canine rabies prevention and control programs, such as dog population management and control and rabies vaccine allocation.

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