Comparison of renal arterial resistive index in type 2 diabetic nephropathy stage 0-4

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of world health problems and its prevalence and incidence is increasing. Chronic Kidney Failure involves a range of pathophysiologic processes that are associated with impaired renal function, leading to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renal artery resistive index (RI) is indicator of atherosclerotic change in small vessels. The current study was aimed to assess RI in diabetic nephropathy patients at stage 0-4 and to compare RRI with HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this cross sectional study,100 diabetic nephropathy patients who attend to nephrology clinic of Ali-ibn Abi Talib Hospital were entered to the study. Ultrasound Doppler renal resistive index was measured and other information was recorded from their last lab data that was recorded in their medical records. Variable included: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, albuminuria, GFR, HbA1c. All data was analyzed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The findings indicated a significant correlation of RI with systolic BP (p=0.04 R=0.75), microalbuminuria (P=0.001 R=0.67), and GFR (P=0.001 R=0.76), while diastolic BP (P=0/45 R=0/32), HbA1c (P=0/56 R=0/43) were not found to be associated with RI. The findings indicated that increased systolic blood pressure, albumin excretion (microalbuminuria) and severity of disease were capable of increasing RI values in diabetic nephropathy patients. In addition, decreased GFR.

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Association between 24-hour diastolic blood pressure and renal function in patients receiving treatment for essential hypertension

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519867805 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 4958-4967

Author(s):

J Sveceny ◽

J Charvat ◽

K Hrach ◽

M Horackova ◽

O Schück

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Renal Resistive Index ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Cross Sectional

Objectives To evaluate the association between diastolic blood pressure (BP), measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and renal function in patients receiving treatment for essential hypertension. Methods In this cross-sectional study, ABPM, transthoracic echocardiography, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the basis of serum cystatin C (eGFRcyst) and the renal resistive index (RRI) were measured in patients with essential hypertension. Results The cohort consisted of 105 patients (39 men, 66 women), with a mean ± SD age of 58 ± 12 years who had been receiving treatment for 11 ± 8 years. 24-hour diastolic BP significantly positively correlated with eGFRcyst and negatively correlated with RRI. No correlation was observed with 24-hour systolic BP values. 24-hour diastolic BP values ≤70 mmHg were associated with eGFRcyst ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (i.e., decreased GFR). Conclusion 24-hour diastolic BP values were significantly associated with markers of kidney function in patients receiving treatment for essential hypertension and values ≤70 mmHg may be associated with subnormal eGFRcyst.

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What Physical Fitness Component Is Most Closely Associated With Adolescents' Blood Pressure?

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512517730414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 124 (6) ◽

pp. 1107-1120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heloyse E. G. Nunes ◽

Carlos A. S. Alves ◽

Eliane C. A. Gonçalves ◽

Diego A. S. Silva

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Digital Pressure

This study aimed to determine which of four selected physical fitness variables, would be most associated with blood pressure changes (systolic and diastolic) in a large sample of adolescents. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 1,117 adolescents aged 14–19 years from southern Brazil. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by a digital pressure device, and the selected physical fitness variables were body composition (body mass index), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscle strength/resistance (manual dynamometer), and aerobic fitness (Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses revealed that aerobic fitness and muscle strength/resistance best explained variations in systolic blood pressure for boys (17.3% and 7.4% of variance) and girls (7.4% of variance). Aerobic fitness, body composition, and muscle strength/resistance are all important indicators of blood pressure control, but aerobic fitness was a stronger predictor of systolic blood pressure in boys and of diastolic blood pressure in both sexes.

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Longitudinal prospective observational type study about determinants of renal resistive index variations in chronic renal failure patients treated with conventional medical and dietetic therapy

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2017.4.305 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 305

Author(s):

Simone Brardi ◽

Gabriele Cevenini ◽

Vanni Giovannelli ◽

Giuseppe Romano

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Doppler Ultrasonography ◽

Urinary Albumin Excretion ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Renal Resistive Index ◽

The Mean ◽

Renal Doppler Ultrasonography ◽

Renal Doppler

Objective: This longitudinal prospective observational type study was conceived with the aim to examine the impact on renal resistive index (RRI) of the variables that we can manipulate with therapeutic and or dietetic interventions in a chronic kidney disease population in order to known which of these variables was statistically related to changes in RRI and therefore could become the object of the greatest therapeutic effort. Material and methods: This study was undertaken between May 2016 to May 2017 in the outpatient nephrology and urology clinic of San Donato Hospital in Arezzo. The study population (84 patients: 47 males and 37 females) was randomly selected among the chronic kidney patients (with various degrees of renal impairment) affected by hypertension and or diabetes mellitus. After a comprehensive medical examination these patients were submitted to determination of serum creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion and finally renal Doppler ultrasonography. Then the patients were submitted to a full therapeutic and dietetic intervention to ameliorate the renal impairment by a wide range of actions and after on average a one-year interval were submitted again to a new medical examination and a second determination of serum creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion and a new renal Doppler ultrasonography too. Results: The comparison between basal and final data revealed a slight reduction in the mean of bilateral renal resistance indices (Delta RRI: -0.0182 ± 0.08), associated to a slight increase in the mean glomerular filtration rate (Delta GFR: 0.8738 ± 10.95 ml/min/1.73 m2), a reduction in mean body weight (Delta weight: -1.9548 ± 5.26 Kg) and mean BMI (Delta BMI: -0.7643 ± 2.10 Kg/m2) as well as a reduction in the mean systolic blood pressure (Delta systolic blood pressure: -8.8333 ± 25.19 mmHg). Statistical analysis showed statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) between Delta RRI and Delta weight (p < 0.03), Delta BMI (p < 0.02) and Delta systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the many limitations the our study clearly identifies the targets (yet widely known) to act on to prevent kidney alterations related to RRI and provides further evidence, if any, of the utility of RRI as a key parameter in monitoring patients with chronic renal failure and as a valuable tool to drive the clinical efforts to contrast the kidney disease.

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HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3 DAN OMEGA-6 DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH WANITA USIA 30 – 50 TAHUN

Journal of Nutrition College ◽

10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18668 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Mega Lucyta Sari ◽

Enny Probosari ◽

Hartanti Sandi Wijayanti

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Observational Research ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Omega 6

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Decreased intake of omega-3 and increased intake of omega-6 can increase the risk of hypertension. Hypertension cases in Indonesia are highest in women especially aged 30 - 50 years. This study aimed to determine correlation of omega-3 and omega-6 intake with blood pressure in women aged 30-50 years.Method : This was an observational research with cross-sectional study design. Fifty four subjects were selecting using consecutive sampling. Intakes were assessed by food recall 2x24 hours. Blood pressure levels were measured by Sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed by Chi Square and Fisher Exact.Result : Systolic and diastolic blood pressure mean were 115.92 ± 14.5 mmHg and 75 ± 7.45 mmHg, while omega-3 and omega-6 mean were of 3. 1.03 ± 0.52 g and 14.17 ± 5 , 8 g. More than one third of the subjects (37.9%) with pre-hypertension/hypertension had omega-3 intake less than 1.1 g and 52.7% of them had omega-6 intake less than 12 g.There was correlation of omega-6 intake with systolic blood pressure (p <0.05) but there were no correlation between omega-3 intake with systolic blood pressure, omega-3 and omega-6 intake with diastolic blood pressure (p >0,05). Conclusion: There was correlation of omega-6 intake with systolic blood pressure, there were no correlation between omega-3 intake with systolic blood pressure, omega-3 and omega-6 intake with diastolic blood pressure

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HUBUNGAN ASUPAN PROTEIN, LEMAK, KALIUM DAN MAGNESIUM DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK DAN DIASTOLIK LANJUT USIA

Journal of Nutrition College ◽

10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18792 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 385

Author(s):

Aria Menad M ◽

Aryu Candra Kusumastuti

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Magnesium Intake ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Spearman Test

Background : Hypertension is one of the degenerative diseases that has high prevalence an increase. One of the factors that influence blood pressure in hypertensive patients is protein, fat, potassium, and magnesium intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of protein, fat, potassium, and magnesium intake with blood pressure in elderly.Design : This cross-sectional study was conducted among 42 subjects (aged 60-80 years) of PWRI (Persatuan Wredatama Republik Indonesia) members rating South Semarang, Semarang. Food recall method was used to measure the intake of protein, fat, potassium and magnesium intake. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Rank- Spearman test was used on bivariate analysis. Results : On the results of this study as many as 83.3% of subjects hypertention. Protein intake (52.4% of subjects), fat intake (100% of subject) potassium intake (54.8%) and magnesium (95.2% of subjects) are lower than needs. Bivariate analysis shows that there were no correlation between protein, fat, potassium, and magnesium intake and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion : In there were correlation between protein, fat, potassium, and magnesium intake and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

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KADAR ASAM URAT SERUM DAN KOMPONEN SINDROM METABOLIK

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v20i3.469 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

MI Diah P ◽

Banundari Rachmawati ◽

Purwanto AP

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Student’S T

The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is significantly increasing. The elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is correlated with the metabolic risk of cardiovascular. The relationship between SUA levels and components of MetS has been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to know the correlation between SUA level and component of MetS by analyzng. This study was a cross-sectional design conducted on healthy people at the Medical Check Up (MCU) Clinic, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta from June 2012 until February 2013. MetS was defined according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The statistical analysis was done by Student’s T test, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. The researchers considered p<0.05 as statistically significant with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 80 healthy subjects, (range 19–57 years) were enrolled into this study. MetS was diagnosed in 40 persons where men (62.5%) were more than women and the non-MetS in women (62.5%) were more than men. In this study, a positive correlation was found between SUA and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference (Pearson r=0.354, 0.495, 0.399, respectively, p<0.05) in women, but not in men. The SUA was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference, particularly in women. A long term study is needed to investigate the consequence of increasing the SUA level in metabolic disorders and hormonal influences as well.

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Controle da Pressão Arterial em Pacientes Idosos de um Ambulatório de Atenção Primária à Saúde

Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre o Envelhecimento ◽

10.22456/2316-2171.4787 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo Renato Carvalho Alonso Rays ◽

Honório Sampaio Menezes

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetes Type Ii ◽

Hypertensive Therapy ◽

Elderly Control

Resumo: Hipertensão Arterial é definida como elevação da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica acima de 140/90mmHg, respectivamente. Estima-se que mais de 50% dos pacientes acima de 60 anos tenham hipertensão, o que deixa essa população sob risco aumentado de doenças em órgãos alvo como coração, rins e cérebro, aumentando também a morbimortalidade desta população. Diversos estudos comprovam que a terapia anti-hipertensiva reduz o risco e a morbimortalidade cardiovascular, cerebral e renal. No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional, prospectivo, onde foram avaliadas as medidas da pressão arterial de 24 pacientes idosos do grupo de 70 pacientes hipertensos do ambulatório do Programa Saúde da Família da cidade de Mata, interior do RS. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e distribuição por freqüência, além do teste “t” de Student para comparação de médias, com nível de significância de 5% para análise dos dados. A pressão sistólica variou entre 120 e 180mmHg, a diastólica entre 60 e 100mmHg. Em 17 (70,83%) dos pacientes não houve associação da hipertensão com outra doença crônica, em quatro (16,22%) havia associado diabete melito tipo II e três (12,50%) tinham dislipidemia. Predominou o sexo feminino em 75% (18) dos pacientes estudados. A pressão sistólica estava acima de 140mmHg em 10 (41,67%) dos pacientes entre os quais havia quatro (16,67%) com a diastólica acima de 90mmHg. Dois quintos dos idosos, mesmo sob tratamento ambulatorial, não apresentava controle da hipertensão arterial adequado. Palavras-chave: Hipertensão. Idoso. Controle. Abstract: Hypertension is defined as an elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 140/90mmHg. More than 50% of patients over 60 years have hypertension, which increases the risk of cerebrovascular, kidney and heart diseases in this population. The anti-hypertensive therapy reduces risks according several studies. This cross sectional hypertension study of the elderly patients over 60 years old analyzed blood pressure in two opportunities separated by two days. Twenty-four patients had the blood pressure measured among 70 patients. Results: the systolic blood pressure were between 120-190mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure between 60-100mmHg. Eighteen (75%) were women, 17 (70.83%) does not have other chronic diseases, four (16.22%) had diabetes type II, three (12.50%) were dislipidemic. In ten (41.67%) patients the systolic blood pressure was over 140mmHg and four (16.67%) had the diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg. The hypertension was uncontrolled in two fifty of elderly patients. Keywords: Hypertension. Elderly. Control.

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Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tekanan Darah pada Petani Penyemprot Tanaman Hortikultura di Desa Trayu Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang

MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/mkmi.19.1.38-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Latifa Rachmawati ◽

Suhartono Suhartono ◽

Budiyono Budiyono

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pesticide Mixture ◽

Work Period ◽

Spearman Test

Latar belakang: Pestisida merupakanxsalahxsatuxbahan kimia yang berbahaya. Adanya kandungan bahan – bahan – bahan aktif pada pestisida yang masuk kedalam tubuh manusia dengan berbagai jalur dapat menganggu proses asetilkolin, yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada tekanan darah. Desa Trayu memiliki pekerjaan dengan mayoritas sebagai petani penyemprot hortikultura denganxjumlah sebanyak 416 orang (41,06%), dimana seluruh petani masih aktif menggunakan pestisida. Tujuan penelitianxinixadalahxuntukxmengetahui beberapaxfaktorxyangxberhubunganxdenganxtekananxdarah petani penyemprot hortikultura dixDesa TrayuxKecamatanxSumowonoxKabupaten Semarang.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 66 orang diambil dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan menggunakan tensimeter. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman pada α 95%. Hasil: Responden rata – rata berumur 50 tahun, dengan tingkat pendidikan didominasi Sekolah Dasar, dimana untuk penggunaan pestisida di Desa Trayu mencapai 100%. Sebanyak 34 responden (51,51%) memiliki tekanan darah sistolik tinggi dan 46 responden (69,69%) memiliki tekanan darah diastolik tinggi. Hasil menujukkanxbahwa tidakxadaxhubunganxantaraxmasaxkerjaxdenganxtekananxdarahxsistolik (p value = 0,408). Terdapat hubungan pada variabelxmasaxkerjaxdenganxtekananxdarah diastolik (pxvalue = 0,022).xTerdapat hubungan antara jumlah campuran pestisida dengan tekanan darah sistolik (p value = 0,001). Tidak ditemukan adanyaxhubunganxjumlah campuran pestisidaxdenganxtekananxdarahxdiastolik (p value = 0,238). Ada hubungan antara variabel frekuensi penyemprotan dengan tekanan darah sistolik (p value = 0,041) dan tekanan darah diastolik (p value = 0,006).Simpulan: Frekuensi penyemprotan berhubungan dengan tekanan darah petani penyemprot tanaman hortikulturaKata kunci: tekanan darah, pestisida, petani penyemprot, tanaman hortikultura.ABSTRACT Title: The Analysis Factors Related to Blood Pressure on Horticulture Spraying Farmers in Trayu Village, Subdistrict Sumowono, District SemarangBackground: Pesticides are a dangerous chemical. The composition of active ingredients in pesticides that enter the human body with various pathways can interfere with the process of acetylcholine, which can disturbing blood pressure. The highest occupation in Trayu Village is horticulture sprayer, the total is 416 people (41,06%), where all farmers are actively using pesticides. Thexpurposexofxthis research was to determine severalxfactorsxrelated to blood pressure.Method: This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was 66 people taken by simple random sampling method. Blood pressure was measured using tensimeter. Data collection were gathered by interview using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis using Rank Spearman test with α 95%.Result: The average respondent is 50 years, with an education level dominated by elementary school, meanwhile the use of pesticides in Trayu Village reaches 100%. There were 34 respondents (51,51%) had high systolic blood pressure and 46 respondents (69,69%) had high diastolic blood pressure. xThexresultsxshowxthere is no correlation between a work period and systolic pressure (pxvaluex= 0,408). Therexisxaxcorrelation work period with diastolicxbloodxpressurex(pxvaluex=x0,022). Therexisxan associationxbetweenxthexamount of pesticide mixture with systolic blood pressure (p value = 0,001). There was no correlation between the amount of pesticide mixture with diastolic blood pressure (p value = 0,238). There was no association btween the variable frequency of srpaying with systolic blood pressure (p value = 0,041) and diastolic blood pressure (p value = 0,006).Conclusion: The frequency of spraying associated with the blood pressure of horticulture spraying farmers.Keywords: blood pressure, pesticides, spraying farmers, horticulture plants

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Correlation between wrist circumference with blood pressure and creatinine level among elderly

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.9.2.123-127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 123-127

Author(s):

Etisa Adi Murbawani ◽

Etika Ratna Noer ◽

Enny Probosari

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Creatinine Level ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Wrist Circumference

Background: Hypertension is a highly prevalent health problem which incidence is greatest among the elderly. Hypertension may increase creatinine level and leads to other health problems like diabetes mellitus, kidney damage, and cardiovascular disease. Wrist circumference is a simple anthropometric measurement that can be used to identify hypertension and increasing level of serum creatinine.Objectives: To analyze the correlation of wrist circumference with blood pressure and creatinine level among the elderly.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling method. Subjects of this study were 84 women aged 60 years old or above at Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang. The independent variable of this study was wrist circumference, and the dependent variables were systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and creatinine level. The result was analyzed using the Spearman-rho test.Results: The participants of this research were 49% women aged 60-65 years old, with an average age was 65.5 years old. The prevalence of hypertension was 61.9%. Most hypertension incidence in this research was caused by high systolic blood pressure (50%), and the rest was caused by high diastolic blood pressure (3.9%) and both (46.1%). The level of creatinine was normal with an average level was 0.75 mg/dL. There was no correlation of wrist circumference with systolic blood pressure systolic (r=0.15; p=0.19), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.1; p=0.38), and creatinine serum (r=0.18; p=0.09) among elderly.Conclusions: There was no correlation of wrist circumference with blood pressure and creatinine level among the elderly.

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HbA1c is an Independent Determinant of Renal Vascular Resistance Estimated by Doppler Sonography in Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Patients

Clinical medicine Endocrinology and diabetes ◽

10.4137/cmed.s936 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. CMED.S936

Author(s):

Ken-ichi Miyoshi ◽

Takafumi Okura ◽

Tomoaki Nagao ◽

Masanori Jotoku ◽

Daijiro Enomoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose Control ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Renal Resistive Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Hba1c Levels

Background Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive disease that leads to renal failure and end stage renal disease. A frequent and early manifestation of diabetic nephropathy is hyaline arteriolosclerosis. The noninvasive method for estimating the severity of arteriolosclerosis is measurement of the renal resistive index (RI). In this study, we determined whether or not normal blood glucose control, classified as an HbA1c < 5.8%, was a sufficiently low level to prevent arteriolosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension. Methods The study subjects were 93 patients with essential hypertension with HbA1c levels <5.8%. Patients with a history of medication for diabetes mellitus were excluded. Blood flow velocity of the renal interlobar arteries was assessed by a Doppler ultrasonography and the RI calculated. Results RI correlated positively with age, body mass index, pulse pressure, pulse rate and HbA1c, and negatively with diastolic blood pressure. A multivariate analysis identified age, pulse pressure and HbA1c as significant independent determinants of RI. Our data show that RI correlates with HbA1c independent of other variables, even in normoglycemic patients with HbA1c levels <5.8%. Conclusions The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that blood glucose levels should be kept as low as possible in order to prevent arteriolosclerosis in the kidney in hypertensive patients.

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