scholarly journals Shrinking risk profiles after deworming of children in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, with special reference to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Müller ◽  
Stefanie Gall ◽  
Lindsey Beyleveld ◽  
Markus Gerber ◽  
Uwe Pühse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Spatial Targeting ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Port Elizabeth ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Risk maps facilitate discussion among different stakeholders and provide a tool for spatial targeting of health interventions. We present maps documenting shrinking risk profiles after deworming with respect to soil-transmitted helminthiasis among schoolchildren from disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Children were examined for soil-transmitted helminth infections using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears in March 2015, October 2015 and May 2016, and subsequently treated with albendazole after each survey. The mean infection intensities for Ascaris lumbricoides were 9,554 eggs per gram of stool (EPG) in March 2015, 4,317 EPG in October 2015 and 1,684 EPG in March 2016. The corresponding figures for Trichuris trichiura were 664 EPG, 331 EPG and 87 EPG. Repeated deworming shrank the risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis, but should be complemented by other public health measures.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS AMONG ELEMENTARY CHILDREN IN SORONG DISTRICT, WEST PAPUA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Yuwono ◽  
Dominicus Husada ◽  
Sukmawati Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Soil transmitted helminthiasis are common in the world and cause illness, especially in developing countries. It can cause infection in humans by contact with parasitic eggs or larvae that live in moist and warm soil. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is often caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. In Indonesia, Soil transmitted helminthiasis prevalence is still high in some places. The tropical climate and high humidity support for the development of worms like in Sorong District, but there was no data. The purpose of this study is to identify the presece of Soil transmitted helminthiasis in primary school children in Sorong District. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two elementary schools located in Sorong District, West Papua, Indonesia. The two elementary schools are SDN 22 in Klain village and SD  Inpres 24 in sub-district Mayamuk. Once collected, the pot that has contained stool is given formalin 10%. Stool examinattion using direct smear method to determine the presence of soil transmitted helminthiasis. Researchers get the subject as many as 147 children. The proportion of elementary school children by sex consists of 72 boys (49%) and 75 girls (51%). The prevalence of Soil transmitted helminthiasis as a whole was 30.6% (45/147) with 40.1% (18/45) single infections and 59.9% (27/45) mixed infections. The single infection that most frequent is Trichuris trichiura, then followed by Ascaris lumbricoides. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis mostly found in girl than boy and mostly found in 6-9 years age group.  The worm species that infect elementary school children in the district is Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis. This is probably related with the climate and low sanitation level. To eliminate soil transmitted helminthiasis among elementary school children, in addition to routine treatment also needs intensive counseling about the importance of maintaining personal hygiene and the environment.

scholarly journals Single-dose Albendazole 400 mg Effectiveness in Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Aryadnyani ◽  
Warida Warida ◽  
Mega Mirawati
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis is caused by nematode worm infections, namely Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) and Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm). At present, the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Indonesia is still high. To reduce the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Indonesia, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia holds a mass worm treatment program for pre-school age children and school-aged children. The drug given is albendazole 400 mg single dose. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a single dose of albendazole 400 mg against infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. This study used a Pre-Experiment research design (One Group Pretest-Posttest). The research subjects were 66 people. Subjects positive for Ascaris lumbricoides were 37 people (mild infection 67.57%, moderate infection 27.03% and severe infection 5.41%). After giving a single dose of albendazole 400 mg to 37 people who were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides, 37 people had not found eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides on faecal examination after treatment. Positive subjects Trichuris trichiura were 54 people (mild infections 51.85%, moderate infections 44.44% and severe infections 3.73%). After giving a single dose of albendazole 400 mg to 54 positive people Trichuris trichiura, in severe infections, the percentage of eggs dropped was 100%. In moderate infections, the percentage of the number of eggs dropped is 95.83%. In mild infections, the percentage of total recovery was 7.14%, and the percentage of eggs dropped was 39.29%. The results of the Wilcoxon test on Ascaris lumbricoides obtained a significance value of <0.05, which means that there are significant differences in the examination before treatment and after treatment. The results of the Wilcoxon test on Trichuris trichiura obtained a significance value of 0.05, which means there were no significant differences in the results of the examination before treatment and after treatment. Albendazole 400 mg single dose is effective against Ascaris lumbricoides infection and is not effective against Trichuris trichiura infection.

Improvements in appetite and growth in helminth-infected schoolboys three and seven weeks after a single dose of pyrantel pamoate

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hadju ◽  
L. S. Stephenson ◽  
K. Abadi ◽  
H. O. Mohammed ◽  
D. D. Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Pyrantel Pamoate ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Weight For Age

SUMMARYAppetite and growth were studied in primary schoolboys (6–10 years) infected with Ascaris lumbricoides (86%) and Trichuris trichiura (100%) who received a single dose of pyrantel pamoate (which has little or no effect on Trichuris trichiura ) or a placebo. Boys were examined, allocated at random by descending Ascaris egg count to pyrantel (PR, n = 36) or placebo (PL, n = 36) groups, treated, and re-examined 3 and 7 weeks later. The 2 groups did not differ significantly before treatment in helminth infections, appetite, or growth. Three and 7 weeks after treatment, the PR group exhibited significantly greater increases than did the PL group in weight (0·2 kg and 0·4 kg more, respectively) and percentage weight-for-age (0·6% and 1·7% points more, respectively). Appetite increased significantly in the PR group at 3 and 7 weeks (P < 0·0005 and P < 0·01, respectively) but not in the PL group. The prevalence and intensity of A. lumbricoides infection were greatly reduced in the PR group at 3 and 7 weeks (both P < 0·0001) but not in the PL group. We conclude that treatment with pyrantel pamoate may improve appetite and growth in schoolchildren in areas where A. lumbricoides infections and poor growth are highly prevalent.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA DERAJAT INFEKSI CACING YANG DITULARKAN MELALUI TANAH TERHADAP TINGKAT KECERDASAN PADA ANAK DI SD NEGERI 067775 KOTAMADYA MEDAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agustina Samosir
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Mental Defective ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Infeksi cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah (soil transmitted helminthiasis atau STH) masih merupakan masalah dunia terutama di daerah tropik dan sub tropik, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian Pasaribu pada tahun 2003 dan Ezeamama dkk pada tahun 2005 menunjukkan bahwa anak usia sekolah dasar (SD) merupakan kelompok umur yang paling sering terinfeksi oleh cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak SD paling sering berkontak dengan tanah sebagai sumber infeksi. Infeksi cacing yang cukup tinggi prevalensinya di Indonesia adalah infeksi cacing yang disebabkan oleh cacing ascaris lumbricoides, cacing tambang dan trichuris trichiura. Mengingat bahwa prevalensi tertinggi infeksi kecacingan STH terdapat pada anak usia sekolah dasar, dikuatirkan infeksi cacing dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kecerdasan seorang anak. Belum diketahui secara pasti bagaimana proses ini terjadi,  namun diduga proses ini terjadi secara tidak langsung, mungkin melalui kejadian anemia dan malnutrisi yang diderita anak akibat terinfeksi kecacingan STH. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 2012 pada murid sekolah dasar kelas IV, V dan VI SD Negeri 067775 Kota Medan. Populasi studi berjumlah 150 orang anak usia 8-12 tahun. Sampel studi dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik sampling purposive dengan melakukan pemeriksaan tinja murid-murid populasi studi. 62 murid (41%) ditemukan positif terinfeksi cacing dan dipilih sebagai sampel studi. Tingkat nutrisi, antropometrik, anemia dan kecerdasan murid-murid terpilih kemudian diukur. Tingkat kecerdasan diukur dengan menggunakan indikator WISC (Wechsler Intelligance Scale for Children). Data yang dikumpulkan diolah dengan menggunakan tabulasi silang dan statistika nonparametrik uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada SD Negeri 067775 Kota Medan dijumpai anak dengan derajat infeksi ringan 63%, infeksi sedang 37% dan infeksi berat 0%. Dari penelitian ini juga diperoleh bahwa tingkat kecerdasan mental defective 12,9%, borderline 25,8%, low average 29,0%, average 27,4% dan high average 4,8%. Statistik uji z Kolmogorov Smirnov tentang hubungan antara tingkat infeksi STH dan tingkat kecerdasan adalah 3.413. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat infeksi cacing STH terhadap tingkat kecerdasan pada anak di SD 067775 Kota Medan.   Kata Kunci:     Infeksi cacing STH, derajat infeksi, tingkat kecerdasan, kejadian anemia, status gizi, Medan, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Intestinal helminth infections amongst HIV-infected adults in Mthatha General Hospital, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukayode A. Adeleke ◽  
Parimalaranie Yogeswaran ◽  
Graham Wright
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Mean

Background: In South Africa, studies on the prevalence of intestinal helminth co-infection amongst HIV-infected patients as well as possible interactions between these two infection sare limited.Aim: To investigate the prevalence of intestinal helminth infestation amongst adults living with HIV or AIDS at Mthatha General Hospital.Setting: Study participants were recruited at the outpatient department of Mthatha General Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2013 amongst consecutive consenting HIV-positive adult patients. Socio-demographic and clinical information were obtained using data collection forms and structured interviews. Stool samples were collected to investigate the presence of helminths whilst blood samples were obtained for the measurement of CD4+ T-cell count and viral load.Results: Data were obtained on 231 participants, with a mean age of 34.9 years, a mean CD4 count of 348 cells/μL and a mean viral load of 4.8 log10 copies/mL. Intestinal helminth prevalence was 24.7%, with Ascaris Lumbricoides (42.1%) the most prevalent identified species. Statistically significant association was found between CD4 count of less than 200 cells/ μLand helminth infection (p = 0.05). No statistically significant association was found between intestinal helminth infection and the mean CD4 count (p = 0.79) or the mean viral load (p = 0.98).Conclusion: A high prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was observed amongst the study population. Therefore, screening and treatment of helminths should be considered as part of the management of HIV and AIDS in primary health care.

scholarly journals The Current Prevalence Rate of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in lndonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 304-11
Author(s):  
Sutoto Sutoto ◽  
Indriyono Indriyono
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
General Community ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis ◽  
Respective Species

Surveys on the prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis had been done in Indonesia among 12.100 people in 10 provinces at 15 locations in 1990 and 1991. The surveys were meant to obtain data on the recent prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among primary schoolchildren, population in vital productive areas and general community. The results showed that the prevalence rate of Ascaris lumbricoides ranged from 5. 7% to 69.5%, Trichuris trichiura from 0.8% to 53.0% and hookworm from 0% to 24. 7%. The overall prevalence rate of the respective species were 30. 4%, 21.2% and 6.5%. In general, the data of the prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis obtained from the recent surveys were lower than those of the surveys done before 1985.

scholarly journals Helminth parasites of Natal long-fingered bats, Miniopterus natalensis (Chiroptera : Miniopteridae), in South Africa : research communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Junker ◽  
O. Bain ◽  
J. Boomker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Study Sites

The helminth community infecting Miniopterus natalensis was studied at two localities, the De Hoop Nature Reserve (DHNR) (n = 57), Western Cape Province and Pretoria (n = 12), Gauteng Province, South Africa. Hosts from the DHNR had formed part of an earlier, unrelated study and were all pregnant females. A single hymenolepidid cestode species, the nematodes Molinostrongylus ornatus and Litomosa chiropterorum together with nematodes of the subfamily Capillariinae were present at both study sites, while a single digenean, Allassogonoporus sp., was only found in hosts from the DHNR. The prevalence of helminth infections was high at both localities, 68.4 % in the DHNR and 77.7 % in Pretoria, whereas the mean intensity of infection was low at the DHNR (3.76 ± 3.15), but higher in Pretoria (10.4 ± 9.9). Molinostrongylus ornatus and, to a lesser extent L. chiropterorum, were the main contributors to the higher intensities in Pretoria. The species richness ranged from 0 to 4 at both localities.

scholarly journals Directrices: Quimioterapia preventiva para controlar las geohelmintiasis en grupos de población en riesgo

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Los Grupos

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que las principales geohelmintiasis —por lombriz intestinal (Ascaris lumbricoides), por tricocéfalo (Trichuris trichiura) y por uncinarias (Ancylostoma duodenale y americanus de Necator)— acarrearon en el 2010 en el mundo la pérdida de 5,18 millones de años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad. A nivel mundial, unos 820 millones de personas están infectadas por lombrices intestinales, 460 millones por tricocéfalos y 440 millones por uncinarias. Aunque cada especie tiene características específicas, para fines de control estas geohelmintiasis se agrupan juntas debido a lo siguiente: (i) son similares su endemicidad geográfica y los grupos vulnerables afectados; (ii) se tratan con los mismos medicamentos; (iii) se utilizan las mismas herramientas para diagnosticarlas; y (iv) sus repercusiones negativas sobre la salud humana obedecen a mecanismos similares (vinculados a la intensidad de la infección). Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés. Guideline: preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups. © Organización Mundial de la Salud 2017. ISBN: 978-92-4-155011-6.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document