Urban environmental clustering to assess the spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites

The identification of Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the rational design of control strategies against this disease vector. Remote sensing and geographic information systems offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability of a given area. However, predicting species occurrences by means of probability distribution maps based on transversal entomological surveys has limited utility for local authorities. The aim of the present study was to carefully examine the temporal evolution of the number of houses infested with immature stages of Ae. aegypti in each individual neighbourhood and to explore the value of producing environmental clusters generated with information provided by remotely sensed variables to explain the observed differential temporal behaviour. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2011 and 2013 throughout a small town in Argentina registering the number of houses with containers harbouring immature stages of Ae. aegypti. A SPOT 5 satellite image was used to obtain land cover variables, which were subsequently submitted to k-means partitioning for grouping neighbourhoods into four environmental clusters. Finally, a generalized linear model was fitted showing that the number of houses found to be positive for Ae. aegypti was jointly affected by the interaction between environmental clusters and the year of sampling. Moreover, the number of positive houses in one of the clusters was 9.5 times higher (P<0.005, SE=0.37) in 2013 than in 2012, but we did not observe any other statistically significant increases.

Download Full-text

Spatial pattern evolution of Aedes aegypti breeding sites in an Argentinean city without a dengue vector control programme

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2016.471 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Manuel O. Espinosa ◽

Francisco Polop ◽

Camilo H. Rotela ◽

Marcelo Abril ◽

Carlos M. Scavuzzo

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Dengue Vector ◽

Risk Area ◽

Niche Model ◽

Temporal Behaviour ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Time Dynamics

The main objective of this study was to obtain and analyse the space-time dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites in Clorinda City, Formosa Province, Argentina coupled with landscape analysis using the maximum entropy approach in order to generate a dengue vector niche model. In urban areas, without vector control activities, 12 entomologic (larval) samplings were performed during three years (October 2011 to October 2014). The entomologic surveillance area represented 16,511 houses. Predictive models for Aedes distribution were developed using vector breeding abundance data, density analysis, clustering and geoprocessing techniques coupled with Earth observation satellite data. The spatial analysis showed a vector spatial distribution pattern with clusters of high density in the central region of Clorinda with a well-defined high-risk area in the western part of the city. It also showed a differential temporal behaviour among different areas, which could have implications for risk models and control strategies at the urban scale. The niche model obtained for Ae. aegypti, based on only one year of field data, showed that 85.8% of the distribution of breeding sites is explained by the percentage of water supply (48.2%), urban distribution (33.2%), and the percentage of urban coverage (4.4%). The consequences for the development of control strategies are discussed with reference to the results obtained using distribution maps based on environmental variables.

Download Full-text

Predicting Aedes aegypti infestation using landscape and thermal features

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78755-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Lorenz ◽

Marcia C. Castro ◽

Patricia M. P. Trindade ◽

Maurício L. Nogueira ◽

Mariana de Oliveira Lage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Land Surface ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Winter Season ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Thermal Features

AbstractIdentifying Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the design of effective vector control strategies. Remote sensing techniques offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability. In this study, we evaluated the association between urban landscape, thermal features, and mosquito infestations. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2019 in Vila Toninho, a neighborhood of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, in which the numbers of adult female Ae. aegypti were recorded monthly and grouped by season for three years. We used data from 2016 to 2018 to build the model and data from summer of 2019 to validate it. WorldView-3 satellite images were used to extract land cover classes, and land surface temperature data were obtained using the Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). A multilevel negative binomial model was fitted to the data, which showed that the winter season has the greatest influence on decreases in mosquito abundance. Green areas and pavements were negatively associated, and a higher cover of asbestos roofs and exposed soil was positively associated with the presence of adult females. These features are related to socio-economic factors but also provide favorable breeding conditions for mosquitos. The application of remote sensing technologies has significant potential for optimizing vector control strategies, future mosquito suppression, and outbreak prediction.

Download Full-text

The community of Diptera (Insecta) colonizing axils of Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don (Araceae), with records of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in urban areas of Manaus, Amazonas

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2016-0291 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ruth Leila Ferreira-Keppler ◽

Ulisses Gaspar Neiss ◽

Sharlene Roberta da Silva Torreias ◽

Claudimir Menezes Campos

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Aquatic Insects ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Breeding Site ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Positive Relation ◽

Important Species ◽

Breeding Sites

Abstract Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don grows and proliferates in shaded areas in several forest fragments in urban zones. The adult plant has axils that accumulate rain water (phytotelmata) and serve as breeding sites for several families of aquatic insects. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of the entomofauna associated with water accumulations in axils of A. macrorrhizos in urban areas of Manaus, Brazil. Individuals of A. macrorrhizos were sampled in five forest fragments, between April/2005 and March/2007 in urban areas of Manaus, totaling 184 sampling units. A manual suction hose was used for the removal of entomofauna. A total of 1,941 immatures of Diptera were collected representing the following families: Culicidae (96.5%), Chironomidae (2%), Psychodidae (0.7%), Ephydridae (0.7%) and Corethrellidae (0.1%). Five Culicidae species were identified: Wyeomyia melanocephala Dyar & Knab, 1906 (91.7%), Wy. ypsipola Dyar, 1922 (4.3%), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (2.3%), Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (1.5%) and Johnbelkinia longipes (Fabricius, 1805) (0.1%). The members of Culicidae were the most abundant, confirming the importance of this group in communities associated with phytotelmata, with a positive relation to the volume of water (p < 0.05). The occurrence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in axils of A. macrorrhizos demonstrates the potential of this Araceae as a breeding site of these medically important species. However, the real contribution of this Araceae in the maintenance and dispersion of populations of these two species of mosquitoes throughout the year should be further studied.

Download Full-text

Indeks Entomologi dan Sebaran Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2015

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v28i4.242 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 279-288

Author(s):

Dian Perwitasari ◽

Roy Nusa RES ◽

Jusniar Ariati

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Risk Category ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

The North ◽

Medium Risk ◽

Mosquito Breeding

One effort in controlling the Aedes aegypti mosquito is to find out the breeding place. Until now it is known that the breeding sites of Aedes aegypti are found in urban areas, therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the potential for breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquito and entomology index in urban areas. The study was conducted in 2015 using a cross-sectional method. The results showed that the container with positively Aedes aegypti larvae was found in all three districts, Ternate at 29.6%, Tidore Kepulauan at 28.5% and East Halmahera at 29.0%. The entomology index of Container Index (CI) was (29.5%), House Index (HI) was 35.3% and Breteau Index (BI) was 69.2%, while larva free number was 64.7%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that Aedes aegypti larvae mostly found in bathtub inside the house. Tubs and plastic buckets were the type of container that were found with most positively larvae. The average ldengue vector arvae density based on CI, HI and BI (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) in the three districts / cities in North Maluku Province scale was 5-8 and included in the medium risk category. This showed that the entomology index in the North Maluku region was still low. Monitoring of the spread of mosquito breeding sites in all parts of Indonesia is still needed to reduce cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Abstrak Salah satu upaya dalam pengendalian nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah dengan mengetahui tempat perkembangbiakannya. Hingga saat ini diketahui bahwa tempat perkembangbiakan Aedes aegypti banyak ditemukan di daerah perkotaan, oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan indeks entomologi di daerah perkotaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kontainer dengan positif jentik Aedes aegypti ditemukan di ketiga kabupaten yaitu Ternate sebesar 29,6%, Tidore Kepulauan sebesar 28,5%, dan Halmahera Timur sebesar 29,0%. Indeks entomologi Container Index (CI) sebesar (29,5%), House Index (HI) sebesar 35,3% dan Breteau Index (BI) sebesar 69,2%, sedangkan Angka Bebas Jentik sebesar 64,7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa bak mandi yang berada di dalam rumah paling banyak ditemukan jentik Aedes aegypti. Jenis kontainer yang paling banyak ditemukan positif jentik yaitu pada bak mandi dan ember plastik. Rata-rata kepadatan jentik vektor dengue (Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus) berbasis CI, HI, dan BI di ketiga kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Maluku Utara skala 5-8 dan termasuk dalam kategori risiko sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks entomologi di wilayah Maluku Utara masih rendah, sehingga masih diperlukan pemantauan sebaran tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk di seluruh wilayah Indonesia untuk mengurangi kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD).

Download Full-text

Modelling interventions during a dengue outbreak

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268813001301 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 545-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. H. BARMAK ◽

C. O. DORSO ◽

M. OTERO ◽

H. G. SOLARI

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Human Population ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Dynamical Model ◽

Effective Strategy ◽

Epidemic Outbreak ◽

Dengue Outbreak ◽

Highly Efficient

SUMMARYWe present a stochastic dynamical model for the transmission of dengue that considers the co-evolution of the spatial dynamics of the vectors (Aedes aegypti) and hosts (human population), allowing the simulation of control strategies adapted to the actual evolution of an epidemic outbreak. We observed that imposing restrictions on the movement of infected humans is not a highly effective strategy. In contrast, isolating infected individuals with high levels of compliance by the human population is efficient even when implemented with delays during an ongoing outbreak. We also studied insecticide-spraying strategies assuming different (hypothetical) efficiencies. We observed that highly efficient fumigation strategies seem to be effective during an outbreak. Nevertheless, taking into account the controversial results on the use of spraying as a single control strategy, we suggest that carrying out combined strategies of fumigation and isolation during an epidemic outbreak should account for a suitable strategy for the attenuation of epidemic outbreaks.

Download Full-text

Evaluation du comportement trophique de Aedes aegypti dans la ville de cotonou au sud du Bénin

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n33p70 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (33) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yadouleton Anges ◽

Dramane Gado ◽

Ahadji-Dabla K.M. ◽

Agbanrin Ramziyath ◽

Tchibozo Carine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Blood Meal ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Good Condition ◽

Human Landing Catch ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The City ◽

Southern Benin

In order to evaluate the trophic behavior of Aedes aegypti in the city of Cotonou, southern Benin, a cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and periurban neighborhoods from April 2016 to August 2017 to collect Ae. Aegypti populations. To achieve this goal, day and night collections, twice a month for one year were done where Ae. Aegypti populations were caught by Human Landing Catch and BG-Sentinel traps. 3,892 Aedes caught by different methods showed that Ae. Aegypti and Ae. circumluteolus are more abundant in urban than peri-urban areas (p<0.05). The aggressive density of Ae. aegypti populations was significantly higher in urban areas (157.43 bites per man per hour) than in peri-urban areas (32.43 bites per man per hour) (p<0.05). Also, out of 250 females blood-fed Ae. Aegypti tested by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique for blood meal identification, 86.80% took their blood meal on humans compared to 4.4% which took their blood meal on sheeps. These findings showed that the city of Cotonou in southern Benin, offered good condition for the development of Ae. aegypti population. The anthropology and endophagy behavior of this mosquito observed through the results of this study is a very favorable clue to vector control strategies based on the use of long-lasting impregnated mosquito nets and insecticide residual sprays adopted in Benin.

Download Full-text

PREPARATION OF HYBRID POLYMERS AND USE AS CONTROLLED RELEASE DELIVERY VEHICLE FOR VOLATILE REPELLENT TO CONTROL Aedes aegypti

Química Nova ◽

10.21577/0100-4042.20170698 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ygor Oliveira ◽

Ângladis Delfino ◽

Cenira Carvalho ◽

Lucia Conserva ◽

Fabiane Abreu

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

Delivery Vehicle ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Type Iv ◽

Bioassay Test ◽

Mosquito Breeding

The Zika virus is a flavivirus spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which also transmits dengue and chikungunya. Current forms of control include elimination of mosquito breeding sites, use of insecticides, repellents and other means. The present study developed new adsorbent materials based on silica and biomaterials capable of releasing an Aedes aegypti mosquito repellent. The materials synthesized were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis and tested with citronella, an essential oil widely recognized as a natural insect repellent. The materials presented type IV isotherms, with type H1 hysteresis, characteristic of mesoporous materials, with pore diameters of between 50 Å and 80 Å. Materials based on silica-chitosan-glutaraldehyde dried in an oven (SCGO) and silica-chitosan-glutaraldehyde dried under a vacuum (SCGV) were found to produce more controlled release of citronella essential oil. The bioassay test was performed using a horizontal double-choice olfactometer. The adsorbent SCGO remained stable for the four hours of the bioassay, while the commercial repellent became ineffective after two hours of release. The production of a prototype in the form of bracelets, stickers releasing a volatile repellent is therefore proposed as a method for the control of the mosquito in urban areas.

Download Full-text

Urbanisation is a main driver for Aedes aegypti dynamics and arboviral risk in Côte d’Ivoire

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

J Zahouli ◽

B Koudou ◽

P Müller ◽

J Utzinger

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Biting Rate

Abstract Background Aedes mosquito-borne arboviruses have (re-)emerged and caused considerable public health concerns in major sub-Saharan African cities subjected to rapid urbanisation. We assessed the effects of urbanisation on Aedes aegypti dynamics and biting pattern, and the risk of transmission of yellow fever (YF) and dengue (DEN) viruses along urban-rural gradient in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods We collected Aedes mosquitoes as eggs, larvae/pupae, and adults seasonally in urban, suburban and rural areas using ovitrap, larval survey and human-baited double net trap methods from January 2015 to December 2016. We sampled household data and characterised Aedes larval breeding sites. Ae. aegypti indices and biting rates were compared by area. Results Ae. aegypti was the most abundant species in all areas. It showed higher abundance in urban areas (n = 26,072; 99.4%). Larval indices were associated with human activities, including waste and water management. Tires and discarded containers were the most productive breeding sites in all areas. Household water receptacles displayed high Aedes-positive rate (23.6%) in urban areas. Positive ovitrap index was higher in urban (53.5%) compared to suburban (43.1%) and rural (29.7%). Stegomyia indices were highest in urban followed by suburban and rural areas, with respective house index of 67.2, 51.4 and 27.8, container index of 57.1, 43.5 and 19.7, and Breteau index of 95.2, 78.9 and 8.8. Biting rate was 4.3 and 2.7-fold higher in urban (83.5 bite/person/day) and suburban (52.1 bite/person/day) compared to rural (19.4 bite/person/day), respectively. Ae. aegypti indices were higher during rainy seasons. Conclusions In Côte d'Ivoire, urbanisation raised Ae. aegypti abundance and biting rate. As a result, YF and DEN risk indices were above WHO-established epidemic thresholds in urban area thus exposing local communities to high risk of getting diseases. Integrated community-based vector control programs should be applied to reduce arboviral risk. Key messages Urbanisation raises Aedes aegypti abundance and arboviral disease risk in Côte d’Ivoire. Integrated community clean-up actions are required to control Aedes vectors.

Download Full-text

Control Strategy for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) Population

10.5772/intechopen.96088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Taiana Gabriela Barbosa de Souza ◽

Eduardo José de Arruda ◽

Raphael Antônio Borges Gomes ◽

Alex Martins Machado ◽

Antônio Pancrácio de Souza

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Population Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

The World ◽

Adaptive Ability ◽

High Degree ◽

New Strategies ◽

Vectorial Competence

The mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is adapted to different environments, mainly urban ones. They have a high degree of vectorial competence for viral diseases, especially Dengue, the arbovirus with the highest number of cases in the world. The adaptive ability of this insect and the abundance of breeding sites have undermined attempts at population’s control, resulting in a high degree of infestation in many regions of the world, resulting in a Dengue endemic. It is important to understand the different nuances of the insect in order to understand the adaptive capacity of this vector, through the knowledge of his behavior, to propose new strategies and engagement of population in proactive actions that allow the population control of this vector, especially in periods of greater proliferation. This chapter discusses population control strategies, in different scenarios and carried out by different researchers, mainly in Brazil.

Download Full-text