scholarly journals PREPARATION OF HYBRID POLYMERS AND USE AS CONTROLLED RELEASE DELIVERY VEHICLE FOR VOLATILE REPELLENT TO CONTROL Aedes aegypti

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Oliveira ◽  
Ângladis Delfino ◽  
Cenira Carvalho ◽  
Lucia Conserva ◽  
Fabiane Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

The Zika virus is a flavivirus spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which also transmits dengue and chikungunya. Current forms of control include elimination of mosquito breeding sites, use of insecticides, repellents and other means. The present study developed new adsorbent materials based on silica and biomaterials capable of releasing an Aedes aegypti mosquito repellent. The materials synthesized were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis and tested with citronella, an essential oil widely recognized as a natural insect repellent. The materials presented type IV isotherms, with type H1 hysteresis, characteristic of mesoporous materials, with pore diameters of between 50 Å and 80 Å. Materials based on silica-chitosan-glutaraldehyde dried in an oven (SCGO) and silica-chitosan-glutaraldehyde dried under a vacuum (SCGV) were found to produce more controlled release of citronella essential oil. The bioassay test was performed using a horizontal double-choice olfactometer. The adsorbent SCGO remained stable for the four hours of the bioassay, while the commercial repellent became ineffective after two hours of release. The production of a prototype in the form of bracelets, stickers releasing a volatile repellent is therefore proposed as a method for the control of the mosquito in urban areas.

scholarly journals Indeks Entomologi dan Sebaran Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Dian Perwitasari ◽  
Roy Nusa RES ◽  
Jusniar Ariati
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

One effort in controlling the Aedes aegypti mosquito is to find out the breeding place. Until now it is known that the breeding sites of Aedes aegypti are found in urban areas, therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the  potential for breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquito and entomology index in urban areas. The study was conducted in 2015 using a cross-sectional method. The results showed that the container with positively Aedes aegypti larvae was found in all three districts, Ternate at 29.6%, Tidore Kepulauan at 28.5% and East Halmahera at 29.0%. The entomology index of Container Index (CI) was (29.5%), House Index (HI) was 35.3% and Breteau Index (BI) was 69.2%, while larva free number was 64.7%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that Aedes aegypti larvae mostly found in bathtub inside the house. Tubs and plastic buckets were the type of container that were found with most positively larvae. The average ldengue vector arvae density based on CI, HI and BI (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) in the three districts / cities in North Maluku Province scale was 5-8 and included in the medium risk category. This showed that the entomology index in the North Maluku region was still low. Monitoring of the spread of mosquito breeding sites in all parts of Indonesia is still needed to reduce cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Abstrak Salah satu upaya dalam pengendalian nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah dengan mengetahui tempat perkembangbiakannya. Hingga saat ini diketahui bahwa tempat perkembangbiakan Aedes aegypti banyak ditemukan di daerah perkotaan, oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan indeks entomologi di daerah perkotaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kontainer dengan positif jentik Aedes aegypti ditemukan di ketiga kabupaten yaitu Ternate sebesar 29,6%, Tidore Kepulauan sebesar 28,5%, dan Halmahera Timur sebesar 29,0%. Indeks entomologi Container Index (CI) sebesar (29,5%), House Index (HI) sebesar 35,3% dan Breteau Index (BI) sebesar 69,2%, sedangkan Angka Bebas Jentik sebesar 64,7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa bak mandi yang berada di dalam rumah paling banyak ditemukan jentik Aedes aegypti. Jenis kontainer yang paling banyak ditemukan positif jentik yaitu pada bak mandi dan ember plastik. Rata-rata kepadatan jentik vektor dengue (Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus) berbasis CI, HI, dan BI di ketiga kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Maluku Utara skala 5-8 dan termasuk dalam kategori risiko sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks entomologi di wilayah Maluku Utara masih rendah, sehingga masih diperlukan pemantauan sebaran tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk di seluruh wilayah Indonesia untuk mengurangi kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD).

scholarly journals Multi-Omic Analysis of Symbiotic Bacteria Associated With Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Mosquera ◽  
Luis E. Martinez Villegas ◽  
Sacha J. Pidot ◽  
Chinhda Sharif ◽  
Sven Klimpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Mosquito breeding sites are complex aquatic environments with wide microbial diversity and physicochemical parameters that can change over time during the development of immature insect stages. Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions in water can alter life-history traits of adult mosquitos but this area remains understudied. Here, using microbial genomic and metabolomics analyses, we explored the metabolites associated with Aedes aegypti breeding sites as well as the potential contribution of Klebsiella sp., symbiotic bacteria highly associated with mosquitoes. We sought to address whether breeding sites have a signature metabolic profile and understand the metabolite contribution of the bacteria in the aquatic niches where Ae. aegypti larvae develop. An analysis of 32 mosquito-associated bacterial genomes, including Klebsiella, allowed us to identify gene clusters involved in primary metabolic pathways. From them, we inferred metabolites that could impact larval development (e.g., spermidine), as well as influence the quality assessment of a breeding site by a gravid female (e.g., putrescine), if produced by bacteria in the water. We also detected significant variance in metabolite presence profiles between water samples representing a decoupled oviposition event (oviposition by single females and manually deposited eggs) versus a control where no mosquito interactions occurred (PERMANOVA: p < 0.05; R2 = 24.64% and R2 = 30.07%). Five Klebsiella metabolites were exclusively linked to water samples where oviposition and development occurred. These data suggest metabolomics can be applied to identify compounds potentially used by female Ae. aegypti to evaluate the quality of a breeding site. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms by which the females could integrate these sensory cues while ovipositing constitutes a growing field of interest, which could benefit from a more depurated list of candidate molecules.

scholarly journals MAYA INDEX DAN KEPADATAN LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI ANTARA DUSUN TEGALREJO DAN DUSUN KRAJAN KIDUL NANGGUNGAN PACITAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Yelly Atiefsa Narmala ◽  
R. Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Dengue fever remains a public health problem. Environmental factors influence the mosquito Aedes aegypti’s growth, especially if there are many containers in the neighborhood. The community of Nanggungan Village have a habit of storing water in containers, therefore, they risk to become breeding sites for mosquitoes. This study aims to identify the Maya Index status of Aedes aegypti between Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village. The research was observational with a cross-sectional design. Total samples were 200 homes, which 100 homes from Tegalrejo and 100 homes from Krajan Kidul Village, taken by simple random sampling. The measurement of variables employed observation sheet and analyzed in a descriptive approach. The number of containers observed in the Tegalrejo Village was 394 units, and Karajan Kidul Village was 391 units. Maya Index statuses in Tegalrejo (92%) and Krajan Kidul Village (88%) were low. Maya Index status in Krajan Kidul (13%) was higher than Tegalrejo Village (8%). House Index (HI) in the Tegalrejo (18.0%) was lower than Krajan Kidul Village (25.0%), Container Index in Tegalrejo (5.30%) was lower than in Krajan Kidul Village (8.95%), Breteau Index in Tegalrejo (21.0%) was lower than in Krajan Kidul Village (35.0%), Density Figure in Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village indicated a scale of 3 and 4. Based on the MI’s status, Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village were included as a low-risk category of mosquito breeding sites. Based on the density number of larvae, two villages have a moderate risk of Dengue Fever transmission. The community should implement the Mosquitoes Breeding Sites Eradication Program (PSN 3M Plus) and minimize the presence of the containers.

scholarly journals Surveilans Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Nova Pramestuti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan di beberapa daerah masih sering terjadi kejadian luar biasa. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus DBD cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis parameter entomologi dan menggambarkan jenis tempat penampungan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal dan Kota Semarang pada bulan Juni - Oktober 2013 desain potong lintang. Survei jentik dilakukan untuk melihat keberadaan tempat penampungan air pada 100 rumah. Masing-masing kabupaten dipilih tiga lokasi desa endemis DBD. Hasil survei digunakan untuk menghitung nilai parameter entomologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya kasus DBD di empat kabupaten/kota terkait dengan keberadaan vektor A. aegypti. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih tingginya persentase jumlah rumah yang ditemukan jentik A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) serta tingginya jumlah kontainer ditemukan jentik A. aegypti pada rumah yang dilakukan survei (Breteau Index). Nilai ovitrap index paling tinggi di Desa Kalikabong Kabupaten Purbalingga sebesar 40%. Proporsi controllable site lebih banyak daripada disposable site, berarti rumah tersebut berisiko tinggi sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk.Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) needs serious attention because it is still a health problem in Indonesia and in recent area DHF caused outbreak. In Central Java, incidence of DHF high every years, especially in 2012. This study aimed to analyze the parameters of entomology and describe types of containers. The study was conducted in Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal District and Semarang City in June _ October 2013 with cross-sectional design. Larvae survey had been done in 100 houses in three villages that endemic DHF at every district/city. The survey results are used to calculate parameter entomology. The results showed that existance of DHF cases in four district/city connected with the population of A. aegypti. This matter proved with high percentage of houses that found A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) and the high of container that containing A. aegypti in every houses (Breteau Index). The high of ovitrap index (OI) was 40% in Kalikabong village, Purbalingga district. The proportion of controllable sites more than disposable sites, meaning the house as the high risk of mosquito breeding sites. 

scholarly journals Choice of unmanned aerial vehicles for identification of mosquito breeding sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciely Velozo Aragão ◽  
Fernanda Cavicchioli Zola ◽  
Luis Henrique Nogueira Marinho ◽  
Daiane Maria De Genaro Chiroli ◽  
Aldo Braghini Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Health Organization

The disordered urban growth that may favour the emergence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in cities is a problem of increasing magnitude in middle- and high-income countries in the tropical part of the world. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the control and elimination of Ae. aegypti a world-wide high priority as it is the main vector of many rapidly spreading viral diseases, dengue in particular. A major difficulty in controlling the proliferation of this vector is associated with identification of the breeding sites. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be an efficient alternative to manual search because of high mobility and the ability to overcome physical obstacles, particularly in urban areas where it can offer close-up images of potential breeding sites that are difficult to reach. The objective of this study was to find a way to select the most suitable UAV for the identification of Ae. aegypti habitats by providing images of potential mosquito breeding sites. This can be accomplished by a Multiple-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) based on an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the evaluation of weights of the criteria used for characterizing UAVs. The alternatives were analyzed and ranked using the Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) merged with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The methodology is explained and discussed with respect to identification and selection of the most appropriate UAV for aerial mapping of Aedes breeding sites.

Chemical Composition and Repellent Activity against Mosquito Aedes Aegypti of Pelargonium radula, Syzygiumaromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid ◽  
Nishantini Silvarajoo ◽  
Nurulhusna Ab. Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Frequent Use

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an epidemic vector of several diseases such as dengue fever and yellow fever. Several pesticides are used to control the mosquito population. Because of their frequent use, some mosquitoes have developed resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic mosquito-repellent activity of essential oils from Pelargonium radula, Syzgium aromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia against Aedes aegypti by using Y-tube olfactometer. The oils was subsequently analyzed by using GC–MS. These results clearly reveal that the essential oil of C. aurantifolia served as the most potent repellent agent against Aedes aegypti . The results indicate that three constituents; limonene (19.58%) followed by β–pinene (17.12%), geraniol (13.23%) which comprise a large proportion of the C. aurantifolia are likely responsible for the observed repellent activity.

scholarly journals Urban environmental clustering to assess the spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Albrieu-Llinás ◽  
Manuel O. Espinosa ◽  
Agustín Quaglia ◽  
Marcelo Abril ◽  
Carlos Marcelo Scavuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Distribution Maps

The identification of Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the rational design of control strategies against this disease vector. Remote sensing and geographic information systems offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability of a given area. However, predicting species occurrences by means of probability distribution maps based on transversal entomological surveys has limited utility for local authorities. The aim of the present study was to carefully examine the temporal evolution of the number of houses infested with immature stages of Ae. aegypti in each individual neighbourhood and to explore the value of producing environmental clusters generated with information provided by remotely sensed variables to explain the observed differential temporal behaviour. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2011 and 2013 throughout a small town in Argentina registering the number of houses with containers harbouring immature stages of Ae. aegypti. A SPOT 5 satellite image was used to obtain land cover variables, which were subsequently submitted to k-means partitioning for grouping neighbourhoods into four environmental clusters. Finally, a generalized linear model was fitted showing that the number of houses found to be positive for Ae. aegypti was jointly affected by the interaction between environmental clusters and the year of sampling. Moreover, the number of positive houses in one of the clusters was 9.5 times higher (P<0.005, SE=0.37) in 2013 than in 2012, but we did not observe any other statistically significant increases.

scholarly journals The community of Diptera (Insecta) colonizing axils of Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don (Araceae), with records of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in urban areas of Manaus, Amazonas

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Leila Ferreira-Keppler ◽  
Ulisses Gaspar Neiss ◽  
Sharlene Roberta da Silva Torreias ◽  
Claudimir Menezes Campos
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Breeding Sites

Abstract Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don grows and proliferates in shaded areas in several forest fragments in urban zones. The adult plant has axils that accumulate rain water (phytotelmata) and serve as breeding sites for several families of aquatic insects. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of the entomofauna associated with water accumulations in axils of A. macrorrhizos in urban areas of Manaus, Brazil. Individuals of A. macrorrhizos were sampled in five forest fragments, between April/2005 and March/2007 in urban areas of Manaus, totaling 184 sampling units. A manual suction hose was used for the removal of entomofauna. A total of 1,941 immatures of Diptera were collected representing the following families: Culicidae (96.5%), Chironomidae (2%), Psychodidae (0.7%), Ephydridae (0.7%) and Corethrellidae (0.1%). Five Culicidae species were identified: Wyeomyia melanocephala Dyar & Knab, 1906 (91.7%), Wy. ypsipola Dyar, 1922 (4.3%), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (2.3%), Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (1.5%) and Johnbelkinia longipes (Fabricius, 1805) (0.1%). The members of Culicidae were the most abundant, confirming the importance of this group in communities associated with phytotelmata, with a positive relation to the volume of water (p < 0.05). The occurrence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in axils of A. macrorrhizos demonstrates the potential of this Araceae as a breeding site of these medically important species. However, the real contribution of this Araceae in the maintenance and dispersion of populations of these two species of mosquitoes throughout the year should be further studied.

scholarly journals Continued Susceptibility of the wMel Wolbachia Infection in Aedes aegypti to Heat Stress Following Field Deployment and Selection

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perran Ross ◽  
Ary Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Cyclical Heat

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia are being deployed to control the spread of arboviruses around the world through blockage of viral transmission. Blockage by Wolbachia in some scenarios may be affected by the susceptibility of wMel to cyclical heat stress during mosquito larval development. We therefore evaluated the potential to generate a heat-resistant strain of wMel in Ae. aegypti through artificial laboratory selection and through exposure to field temperatures across multiple generations. To generate an artificially selected strain, wMel-infected females reared under cyclical heat stress were crossed to wMel-infected males reared at 26 °C. The low proportion of larvae that hatched founded the next generation, and this process was repeated for eight generations. The wMel heat-selected strain (wMel-HS) was similar to wMel (unselected) in its ability to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility and restore compatibility when larvae were reared under cyclical heat stress, but wMel-HS adults exhibited reduced Wolbachia densities at 26 °C. To investigate the effects of field exposure, we compared the response of wMel-infected Ae. aegypti collected from Cairns, Australia where the infection has been established for seven years, to a wMel-infected population maintained in the laboratory for approximately 60 generations. Field and laboratory strains of wMel did not differ in their response to cyclical heat stress or in their phenotypic effects at 26 °C. The capacity for the wMel infection in Ae. aegypti to adapt to high temperatures therefore appears limited, and alternative strains may need to be considered for deployment in environments where high temperatures are regularly experienced in mosquito breeding sites.

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