scholarly journals Choice of unmanned aerial vehicles for identification of mosquito breeding sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciely Velozo Aragão ◽  
Fernanda Cavicchioli Zola ◽  
Luis Henrique Nogueira Marinho ◽  
Daiane Maria De Genaro Chiroli ◽  
Aldo Braghini Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Health Organization

The disordered urban growth that may favour the emergence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in cities is a problem of increasing magnitude in middle- and high-income countries in the tropical part of the world. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the control and elimination of Ae. aegypti a world-wide high priority as it is the main vector of many rapidly spreading viral diseases, dengue in particular. A major difficulty in controlling the proliferation of this vector is associated with identification of the breeding sites. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be an efficient alternative to manual search because of high mobility and the ability to overcome physical obstacles, particularly in urban areas where it can offer close-up images of potential breeding sites that are difficult to reach. The objective of this study was to find a way to select the most suitable UAV for the identification of Ae. aegypti habitats by providing images of potential mosquito breeding sites. This can be accomplished by a Multiple-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) based on an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the evaluation of weights of the criteria used for characterizing UAVs. The alternatives were analyzed and ranked using the Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) merged with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The methodology is explained and discussed with respect to identification and selection of the most appropriate UAV for aerial mapping of Aedes breeding sites.

Automatic detection of potential mosquito breeding sites from aerial images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 101692
Author(s):  
Daniel Trevisan Bravo ◽  
Gustavo Araujo Lima ◽  
Wonder Alexandre Luz Alves ◽  
Vitor Pessoa Colombo ◽  
Luc Djogbénou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

scholarly journals Presenting an Effective Method to Detect and Track the Broken Path in VANET Using UAVs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zohreh Bakhtiari ◽  
Rozita Jamili Oskouei ◽  
Mona Soleymani ◽  
Akhtar Hussain Jalbani
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
And Performance

The routing process in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a challenging task in urban areas which is due to the high mobility of vehicles, repetitive defects of the communication path, and the various barriers that may affect the reliability of data transmission and routing. Accordingly, the connectivity in vehicular communications has received the researchers’ attention, so different geographic routing protocols have been proposed in this respect. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are useful for overcoming routing constraints. Cloud computing has also been defined as a new infrastructure for VANET which is made up of a significant number of computing nodes including stable data centers as well as a set of mobile computing devices embedded on vehicles. The aim of this research is to simulate a VANET in an urban area using cloud computing infrastructure and applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) so that the negative influence of barriers in packet delivery and routing is avoided. To evaluate, the proposed method is compared with the basic protocol ClouDiV. Ns-2 simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms with different densities and variable times in terms of efficiency and performance.

scholarly journals Developing Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: Eleven Case Studies from around the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Samuèle Rémillard-Boilard ◽  
Tine Buffel ◽  
Chris Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Global Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Health Organization

Developing age-friendly cities and communities has become a key part of policies aimed at improving the quality of life of older people in urban areas. The World Health Organization has been especially important in driving the ‘age-friendly’ agenda, notably through its Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities, connecting 1114 (2020 figure) cities and communities worldwide. Despite the expansion and achievements of the Network over the last decade, little is known about the progress made by cities developing this work around the world. This article addresses this research gap by comparing the experience of eleven cities located in eleven countries. Using a multiple case study approach, the study explores the key goals, achievements, and challenges faced by local age-friendly programs and identifies four priorities the age-friendly movement should consider to further its development: (1) changing the perception of older age; (2) involving key actors in age-friendly efforts; (3) responding to the (diverse) needs of older people; and (4) improving the planning and delivery of age-friendly programs. The article concludes by discussing the research and policy implications of these findings for the age-friendly movement.

scholarly journals Trends in Measles Cases in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: A Five-year Review of Case-based Surveillance Data (2014- 2018).

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
NENI AWORABHI ◽  
Tamunowari Numbere ◽  
Mohammed Shakir Balogun ◽  
Aisha Usman ◽  
Rowland Utulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Case Based

Abstract Measles is a vaccine preventable, highly transmissible viral infection that affects mostly children under five years. It has been ear marked for eradication and Nigeria adopted the measles elimination strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO) African region to reduce cases and deaths. This study was done to determine trends in measles cases in Bayelsa State, to describe cases in terms of person and place, identify gaps in the case-based surveillance data collection system and identify risk factors for measles infection. We carried out a secondary data analysis of measles case-based surveillance data for the period of January 2014 to December 2018 obtained in Microsoft Excel from the State Ministry of Health. Cases were defined according the World Health Organization (WHO) standard case definitions. We calculated frequencies, proportions, estimated odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and multivariate analysis. A total of 449 cases of measles were reported. There were 245(54.6%) males, the most affected age group was 1-4 years with 288(64.1%) cases. Of all cases, 289(9.35%) were confirmed and 70 (48.27%) had received at least one dose of measles vaccine. There was an all-year transmission with increased cases in the 4th quarter of the year. Yenegoa Local Government Area had the highest number of cases. Timeliness of specimen reaching the laboratory and the proportion of specimens received at the laboratory with results sent to the national level timely was below WHO recommended 80%. Predictors of measles infection were, age less than 5 years (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91) and residing in an urban area (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI:1.02-2.34). Measles infection occurred all-year round, with children less than 5 years being more affected. Measles case-based surveillance system showed high levels of case investigation with poor data quality and poor but improving indicators. Being less than 5 years was protective of measles while living in urban areas increased risk for infection. We recommended to state government to prioritize immunization activities in the urban centers, start campaigns by 4th quarter and continue to support measles surveillance activities while the federal government to strengthen regional laboratory capacities. Measles, Surveillance, Vaccination, Nigeria, Trend, Predictors

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and diversification attitudes among Romanian mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
Anastasia Simion ◽  
Maria Simion ◽  
Geanina Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Children Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Breastfeeding Attitudes

Abstract Introduction: Recommended by the World Health Organization as the optimal way of infant feeding, maternal breast milk represents the best nourishment for the newborn baby during its first six months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate some of the Romanian mothers’ characteristics that can influence their attitude towards breastfeeding and food diversification. Methods: A questionnaire about 32 questions, including demographics items and breastfeeding attitudes, was sent online (socializing platforms) in 2020 to mothers from all Romania districts. Our sample included at the end 1768 subjects, who fully completed the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using the GraphPad statistical software. Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding for more than six months was only 32.18% in our group, and most of them were educated mothers who lives in urban areas (OR=2.76), were married (OR=1.98), had over 30 years old (OR=1.43) and have more than one child (OR=1.74). Conclusions: We underline the importance of tackling in our future community interventions some of the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women (like groups education, good and accessible information about breastfeeding, young age, first pregnancy, or mothers from rural areas as well) in developing good habits of breastfeeding or complementary feeding, in order to improve their children health status and proper development.

scholarly journals Epidemic of undernutrition during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Swayam Pragyan Parida ◽  
Vikas Bhatia ◽  
Prajna Paramita Giri ◽  
Binod K. Behera ◽  
G. Alekhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Health Organization

Undernutrition continues to be a major public health challenge for ages. Under-five age children are still at risk of undernutrition even though there exist many policies and programs at various levels. The lower–middle-income countries (LMIC) struggle hard to combat the undernutrition epidemic. The unprecedented advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the existing undernutrition scenario. This article reviews the burden and impact of the COVID-19 on undernutrition among children. Necessary measures have to be taken to mitigate the crisis and thereby reduce the risks due to morbidity and mortality related to undernutrition. A manual search of relevant data has been taken from the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, Ministry Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), government of India. (GOI). A search of relevant publications was done through electronic databases such as PUBMED.

Health Crisis in Rural Nepal due to the Shortage of Health Professionals: Challenges, Solutions, and the Role of the International Community

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswas Shrestha ◽  
Binita Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Developed Nations

Nepal, considered one of the poorest and underdeveloped nations in the world, has a particularly pronounced health crisis in its rural areas due to extreme shortages of health professionals. Home to 80% of the total population, the rural parts of Nepal are estimated to have a physician ratio of 2.4 physicians per 100 000 people (1), about 100 times lower than the minimum acceptable ratio provided by the World Health Organization (6, WHO 2006). The challenges of the mountainous topography of this Himalayan nation are further compounded by the disastrous scarcity of health professionals, viz. doctors, nurses, public health and biomedical researchers, etc. Consequently, simple and easily treatable diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, etc. take the lives of thousands of Nepali villagers every year. The health status and quality of life along with other grave problems such as poverty, illiteracy, and lack of infrastructures of development are worse in rural areas around the world, especially in developing nations such as Nepal compared to urban areas in developed nations (13, 18). Health crisis, underdevelopment, and poverty entangle rural areas in developing nations in a vicious circle, each contributing to the other, in which ill-health of rural residents negatively affects their productivity, economic output, socio-cultural contributions, and participation in the competitive world of globalization. The health crisis in rural parts of Nepal exists due to the extreme shortage of health professionals resulting from their preferences for working in urban cities in Nepal and in other developed nations, is caused by an intricate fabric of domestic push factors and international pull factors and can only be addressed through sustained cooperation between the national and international bodies.

Responding Strategies for The Covid-19 In Digestive system Diseases Center in Wuhan and Haikou City

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3452-3455
Author(s):  
Lidan Bian ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Xuanxuan Wang ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
Hongping Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Digestive System Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Since first being recorded late last year in China, Coronavirus Disease 2019(Covid-19), which is highly contagious and can trigger severe respiratory symptoms1, has spread around the world and been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As the largest hemodialysis center in wuhan city, which was the outbreak’s epicenter,there was more than 600 patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy in our setting.The crowds with high mobility made it more difficult to prevent and control of COVID-19 cases than that in general population.Along with the end of lockdown in wuhan city,some patients recovered and returned from COVID-19 designated dialysis settings,we took messuares accordingly.Now we share our experience of prevention and control for COVID-19 in a large non-designated dialysis center of WuHan city.

scholarly journals Age-Friendly Communities: Creating a conducive environment for the elderly in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameen Rafi ◽  
Shyna Saif
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

India is one of the nations in the world where the population is undergoing anomalous demographic changes. The increase in longevity and decrease fertility lead to the boom of older people aged 60 and above both in relative and absolute terms. Due to the rise in number, it creates pressure not only on the family but the responsibility shifts to the government also. This issue becomes a significant social problem not only in India but across the globe. The government had taken action by creating policies and programs to provide services to them. Still, the majority of the elderly population is lacking behind in these areas like health facilities, infrastructure, living arrangements suffering from isolation, loneliness, abuse, crime. Nowadays, smart city initiatives are taken by the government across the country but still in process. To involve and facilitate more cities for "age-friendly," the World Health Organization develop the Global Age-Friendly Cities Guide and a manual "Checklist of Essential Features of Age-Friendly Cities." Cooperating with 35 urban communities from developed and developing nations, the WHO oversees eight highlights for age-accommodating urban areas in the space of urban life. This paper had an objective to study and understand exiting literature on age-friendly communities in developed and developing countries and draw attention to the need to create age-friendly cities in India. The realization of the needs and demands of older people, the Indian government should give attention to promote and implement more age-friendly communities all over the country. This initiative till now taken in 3 states, i.e., Delhi, Udaipur, and Kolkata-which involved in age-friendly community initiatives collaborated with WHO.  In this era of a rapid aging sphere, the communities have to enhance in such a manner where the older population can meet their needs quickly without any conflicts and problem. To conclude, the government and policymaker should emphasize the policies into practices to build age-friendly communities across the country and make better living conditions for "all-ages." For timely action and productive recommendation, it is an urgent need on the part of the government, policymakers, researchers, social workers to develop and enhance the community's facilities, which can gain confidence and wellbeing of the elderly in India

scholarly journals Factors influencing householders' access to improved water in low-income urban areas of Accra, Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayisha Matuamo Mahama ◽  
Kwabena Asomanin Anaman ◽  
Isaac Osei-Akoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Significant Factors

We analysed householders' access to improved water for drinking and other domestic uses in five selected low-income urban areas of Accra, Ghana using a survey of 1,500 households. Our definitions of improved water were different from those suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results revealed that only 4.4% of the respondents had access to improved drinking water compared to 40.7% using the WHO definition. However, 88.7% of respondents had access to improved water for domestic uses compared to 98.3% using the WHO definition. Using logistic regression analysis, we established that the significant determinant of householders' access to improved drinking water was income. However, for access to improved water for other domestic uses, the significant factors were education, income and location of the household. Compared to migrants, indigenous people and people from mixed areas were less likely to have access to improved water for other domestic purposes. For the analysis using the WHO definitions, most of the independent variables were not statistically significant in determining householders' access, and those variables that were significant generated parameter estimates inconsistent with evidence from the literature and anecdotal evidence from officials of public health and water supply companies in Ghana.

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