scholarly journals Land set up systems and beyond: Influence of soil management on water and soil conservation sewed up to a variety of pedoclimatic environments and farming systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Filiberto Altobelli ◽  
Marco Napoli ◽  
Anna Benedetti ◽  
Ronald Vargas ◽  
Giuseppe Corti
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physiographic Regions ◽  
Italian Territory

According to European Landscape Convention, the term Landscape means an area whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and human factors. The equilibrium between these forces is mandatory to preserve this heritage implementing a good land protection and conservation policy that implies many professional figures like agronomists and soil scientists. Italian territory includes different physiographic regions in which many human activities, especially agriculture, differently operated through the time...

scholarly journals Re-thinking erosion on Java.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Diemont ◽  
A. Smiet ◽  
N. Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Volcanic Soils

Although the unproductive uplands ('dead lands') in Java are now reafforested or terraced, the crop productivity is still low in particular on volcanic soils. Sources of erosion are briefly discussed. It was concluded that the low productivity of upland farming systems was caused by low inputs and not by surface erosion and a redirection of soil conservation policy, planning and research is required. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The economic value of sustainable soil management in arable farming systems – A conceptual framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 126334
Author(s):  
M.C. Kik ◽  
G.D.H. Claassen ◽  
M.P.M. Meuwissen ◽  
A.B. Smit ◽  
H.W. Saatkamp
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sustainable Soil Management ◽  
Arable Farming

scholarly journals Effects of water and soil conservation works on runoff and sediment variation in the areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the middle Yellow River

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Wei Ying Sun ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jiang Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Soil And Water

The areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the middle Yellow River is well known for its severe erosion, high sediment yields. Since 1982 when the 8 key soil and water conservation harnessing regions has been built, the ecological environment has been gradually improved and the amount of sediment and runoff entering the Yellow River has been reduced continuously. Some researchers considered that it was owing to the water and soil conservation works (WSCW), while others believed that it was caused by the rainfall variation, but this has not been quantified for the effect respectively. This paper deals with the effects of WSCW on runoff and sediment variation. The study has been carried out in the Sanchuanhe River watershed, where was listed as one of the 8 key soil and water conservation harnessing regions. The results show that the contribution rate of human activities was 80.2% after 1st harnessing stage (1970-1979), 43.0% after 2nd harnessing stage (1980-1989), in 3rd harnessing stage (1990-1996) it reached 98.4%, and was 44.8% after 4th harnessing stage (1997-2006). With regard to the influence on runoff reduction in the watershed, the contribution rate of human activities was 62.5% compared with the natural factors after 1st harnessing stage (1970-1979), 28.4% after 2nd harnessing stage (1980-1989), in 3rd harnessing stage (1990-1996) it reached 69.6%, and was 37.0% after 4th harnessing stage (1997-2006). The results revealed that human activities exerted the largest effects on the sediment reduction and explained 66.6% of the variation in the specific sediment yield. This study suggests that a combination of human activities and rainfall variation effectively reduces runoff and sediment delivery of the Loess Plateau. Generally The runoff reduction and contribution of rainfall variation to runoff reduction in this area were as large as human activities. After many years' harnessing the great benefit have been obtained in water and soil loss control in this watershed.

scholarly journals Rural–Urban Migration and Conservation Drive the Ecosystem Services Improvement in China Karst: A Case Study of HuanJiang County, Guangxi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Xiangkun Qi ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yuemin Yue ◽  
Chujie Liao ◽  
Lu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Huanjiang County

Under the transformation from over-cultivation to ecological protection in China’s karst, how human activities affect ecosystem services should be studied. This study combined satellite imagery and ecosystem models (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA), Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST)) to evaluate primary ecosystem services (net ecosystem productivity (NEP), soil conservation and water yield) in a typical karst region (Huanjiang County). The relationships between human activities and ecosystem services were also examined. NEP increased from 441.7 g C/m2/yr in 2005 to 582.19 g C/m2/yr in 2015. Soil conservation also increased from 4.7 ton/ha to 5.5 ton/ha. Vegetation recovery and the conversion of farmland to forest, driven largely by restoration programs, contributed to this change. A positive relationship between increases in NEP, soil conservation and rural-urban migration (r = 0.62 and 0.53, P < 0.01, respectively) indicated decreasing human dependence on land reclamation and naturally regenerated vegetation. However, declining water yield from 784.3 to 724.5 mm highlights the trade-off between carbon sequestration and water yield should be considered. Our study suggests that conservation is critical to vegetation recovery in this region and that easing human pressure on land will play an important role.

Protection and Tourism Utilization of Water Culture Heritage in China: A Commentary

2021 ◽  
pp. 245592962199811
Author(s):  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
National Water

Water culture heritages in China are numerous and diverse with unbalanced regional distribution. Due to natural and human factors, some of the water culture heritages are disappearing gradually. In view of this situation, it is urgent for relevant government departments to strengthen supervision of these sites and increase investment, take measures to promote their effective protection, and encourage tourism authorities to develop China’s water culture heritage according to local conditions. It is imperative to set up protection, collection and research institutions that can sustain the national water culture heritage surveys which have been carried out over several years.

ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF FARMERS IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Salamatu Suleiman ◽  
Usman Kibbon Adamu ◽  
Jibril Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Soil Management Practice ◽  
Set Up

This study examined the soil management practices of farmers in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary means of data collection were employed in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select both the study locations and the respondents based on the characteristics of the population and the objectives of the study. The sample size of 384 copies of questionnaire was purposively used to acquire data from the selected respondents. This was analyzed in SPSS 2.0 version, using simple descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and mean derived from 4-point Likert scale. The study indicated that the most adopted soil management practice by the respondents was the use of animal manure with 28.1%. This is followed by Mixed Cropping (26.3%). while shifting cultivation is the least practice (1.7%). The results also revealed that manure application is the most effective soil management practice with a mean score of ( = 4.21). while the lowest mean score is zero tilling with a value of ( = 1.51). Findings also showed that Soil fertility depletion is the strongest challenge to soil management practices with 32.9%.  The paper concludes that farmers in the study area can adopt many soil management practices. The paper recommends that there is need for mobile advisory teams of agricultural extension agents and the N-power agro unit to be set up, equipped, mobilized to reach out farmers to increase their awareness on adoption of improved agro soil management practices through training and consultation with farmers.

scholarly journals Detecting the Dominant Cause of Streamflow Decline in the Loess Plateau of China Based onthe Latest Budyko Equation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Shengzhi Huang ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Guoyong Leng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Water And Soil Conservation ◽  
The Wei River Basin ◽  
Streamflow Change

Quantifying the relative contributions of climate variability and human activity to streamflow change is important for effective water resource use and management. Four sub-catchments of the Wei River Basin (WRB) in the Loess Plateau in China were selected as the study region, where the evolution of parameter α from the latest Budyko equation (Wang-Tang equation) was explored using an 11-year moving window. The elasticity of streamflow was derived from the climatic aridity index, represented by the ratio of annual potential evaporation ( E P ) to annual precipitation ( P ), and catchment characteristics as represented by α . The effects of climate change and human activities on streamflow change during 1971–2010 were quantified with climate elasticity and decomposition methods. The contributions of different types of human activities to streamflow were further empirically determined using the water and soil conservation method. Results indicate that (1) under the same climate condition ( P and E P ), a higher value of α caused an increase in evaporation rate ( E / P ) and a decrease in runoff. Changes in these hydrological variables led to a subsequent reduction in streamflow in the WRB; (2) The absolute value of the precipitation elasticity was larger than the potential evaporation elasticity, indicating that streamflow change was more sensitive to precipitation; (3) The results based on the two methods were consistent. Climate change and human activities contributed to the decrease in streamflow by 29% and 71%, respectively, suggesting that human activities have exerted more profound impacts on streamflow in the study region; (4) Contributions of different water and soil conservation measures to streamflow reduction were calculated and sorted in descending order: Irrigation, industrial and domestic consumption, terrace, afforestation, reservoirs, check-dams, then grass-planting.

Me and My VE, Part 5: Applications in Human Factors Research and Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 2051-2055
Author(s):  
Randall Spain ◽  
Benjamin Goldberg ◽  
Jeffrey Hansberger ◽  
Tami Griffith ◽  
Jeremy Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Human Factors Research

Recent advances in technology have made virtual environments, virtual reality, augmented reality, and simulations more affordable and accessible to researchers, companies, and the general public, which has led to many novel use cases and applications. A key objective of human factors research and practice is determining how these technology-rich applications can be designed and applied to improve human performance across a variety of contexts. This session will demonstrate some of the distinct and diverse uses of virtual environments and mixed reality environments in an alternative format. The session will begin with each demonstrator providing a brief overview of their virtual environment (VE) and a description of how it has been used to address a particular problem or research need. Following the description portion of the session, each VE will be set-up at a demonstration station in the room, and session attendees will be encouraged to directly interact with the virtual environment and ask demonstrators questions about their research and inquire about the effectiveness of using VE for research, training, and evaluation purposes. The overall objective of this alternative session is to increase the awareness of how human factors professionals use VE technologies and increase the awareness of the capabilities and limitations of VE in supporting the work of HF professionals.

scholarly journals Soil Health Response of Histosols to Flooded versus Dry-Fallow Conditions during Summer

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehangir H. Bhadha ◽  
Jay Capasso ◽  
Abul Rabbany ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Matthew VanWeelden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

Evaluating changes in soil properties associated with flooded fields during the summer months in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) provides us an opportunity to assess the effect of soil management associated with flooded versus dry-fallow field conditions on Histosols. This information will be beneficial to current and potential growers farming flooded rice in south Florida, as well as Extension agents who work on rice and soil conservation agencies such as the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This new 6-page publication was written by Jehangir H. Bhadha, Jay Capasso, Abul Rabbany, Nan Xu, and Matthew VanWeelden, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss697

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