Exercises using the upper limbs hyperinflate COPD patients more than exercises using the lower limbs at the same metabolic demand

mandatory constituents of a rehabilitation programme for patients with COPD. However, it is not known how much these exercises may induce pulmonary dynamic hyperinflation (DH). Objective. To evaluate the DH in patients with COPD exercising the upper and lower parts of the body at the same metabolic demand. Methods. Sixteen patients aged 63 ± 13 years and with a FEV1 of 1.5 ± 0.7 L (41 ± 11% pred) were studied. Patients initially performed a maximal exercise test with the arms using the diagonal movement technique. The lower limbs were exercised on a treadmill at the same metabolic demand. Results. Inspiratory capacity decreased 222 ± 158 ml (9.8%) after the upper body exercise (p < 0.0001) and 148 ± 161 ml (7%) after exercise with the lower body (p = 0.0028) and a difference between the two groups was found (p < 0.05). There was no difference between resting IC before upper and lower limbs exercises (p = 0.8); increase in minute ventilation and in pulmonary ventilation in percentage of maximum voluntary ventilation and reduction of expiratory time were larger in the upper limbs exercise (p < 0.05). Dyspnea as measured by the Borg Scale was higher in the upper body (3.9 ± 2.2) than in the lower body (2.3 ± 1.3) at the end of the exercise (p = 0.033). Pulmonary ventilation and inspiratory capacity were correlated (p = 0.0001; r = 0.82). Conclusion. Exercise with the upper part of the body causes more DH and dyspnea than exercise with the lower part of the body at the same metabolic demand.

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Quantitative body symmetry assessment during neurological examination

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-208003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 573-584

Author(s):

Kristina Daunoraviciene ◽

Jurgita Ziziene ◽

Agne Ovcinikova ◽

Rasa Kizlaitiene ◽

Julius Griskevicius

Keyword(s):

Inertial Sensors ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Temporal Parameters ◽

Body Asymmetry ◽

Upper And Lower Extremities ◽

Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽

Measurement Units

BACKGROUND: A lack of movement coordination characterized by the undershoot or overshoot of the intended location with the hand, arm, or leg is often found in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Standardized as Finger-to-Nose (FNT) and The Heel-to-Shin (HST) tests are the most frequently used tests for qualitative examination of upper and lower body coordination. Inertial sensors facilitate in performing quantitative motion analysis and by estimating body symmetry more accurately assess coordination lesion and imbalance. OBJECTIVES: To assess the body symmetry of upper and lower limbs quantitatively, and to find the best body symmetry indices to discriminate MS from healthy individuals (CO). METHODS: 28 MS patients and 23 CO participated in the study. Spatiotemporal parameters obtained from six Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) were placed on the upper and lower extremities during FNT and HST tests. All data were analyzed using statistical methods in MATLAB. RESULTS: Asymmetry indices of temporal parameters showed a significant increase in upper body and lower body asymmetry of MS compared to CO. However, CO have a greater kinematic asymmetry compared to MS. CONCLUSION: Temporal parameters are the most sensitive to body asymmetry evaluation. However, range of motion is completely inappropriate if it is calculated for one movement cycle.

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Cooling different body surfaces during upper and lower body exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1987.63.3.1218 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 1218-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 181

Author(s):

A. J. Young ◽

M. N. Sawka ◽

Y. Epstein ◽

B. Decristofano ◽

K. B. Pandolf

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Upper Body ◽

Coolant Temperature ◽

Lower Body ◽

Upper Body Exercise ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Hot Environment ◽

Walking Tests ◽

High Insulation ◽

Male Subjects

The effect of varying the body surface area being cooled by a liquid microclimate system was evaluated during exercise heat-stress conditions. Six male subjects performed a total of six exercise (O2 uptake = 1.2 l/min) tests in a hot environment (ambient temperature = 38 degrees C, relative humidity = 30%) while dressed in clothing having low moisture permeability and high insulation. Each subject completed two upper body exercise (U; arm crank) tests: 1) with only the torso surface (T) cooled; and 2) with the surfaces of both the torso and upper arms (TA) cooled [coolant temperature at the inlet (Ti) was 20 degrees C for all upper body tests]. Each subject also completed four lower body exercise (L; walking) tests: 1) with only the T cooled (Ti = 20 degrees C); 2) with only the T cooled (Ti = 26 degrees C); 3) with torso, upper arm, and thigh surface (TAT) cooled (Ti = 20 degrees C); and 4) with TAT cooled (Ti = 26 degrees C). During U exercise, TA cooling had no effects compared with cooling only T. During L exercise, sweat rates, heart rates, and rectal temperature (Tre) changes were less with TAT cooling compared with cooling only the T. Altering Ti had no effect on Tre changes, but higher heart rates were observed with 26 than with 20 degrees C. These data indicate that cooling arms during upper body exercise provides no thermoregulatory advantage, although cooling the thigh surfaces during lower body exercise does provide an advantage.

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Central aortic hemodynamics following acute lower and upper-body exercise in a cold environment among patients with coronary artery disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82155-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heidi E. Hintsala ◽

Rasmus I. P. Valtonen ◽

Antti Kiviniemi ◽

Craig Crandall ◽

Juha Perkiömäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Dynamic Exercise ◽

Upper Body ◽

Cold Environment ◽

Lower Body ◽

Static Exercise ◽

Upper Body Exercise ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Artery Disease

AbstractExercise is beneficial to cardiovascular health, evidenced by reduced post-exercise central aortic blood pressure (BP) and wave reflection. We assessed if post-exercise central hemodynamics are modified due to an altered thermal state related to exercise in the cold in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD patients (n = 11) performed moderate-intensity lower-body exercise (walking at 65–70% of HRmax) and rested in neutral (+ 22 °C) and cold (− 15 °C) conditions. In another protocol, CAD patients (n = 15) performed static (five 1.5 min work cycles, 10–30% of maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (three 5 min workloads, 56–80% of HRmax) upper-body exercise at the same temperatures. Both datasets consisted of four 30-min exposures administered in random order. Central aortic BP and augmentation index (AI) were noninvasively assessed via pulse wave analyses prior to and 25 min after these interventions. Lower-body dynamic exercise decreased post-exercise central systolic BP (6–10 mmHg, p < 0.001) and AI (1–6%, p < 0.001) both after cold and neutral and conditions. Dynamic upper-body exercise lowered central systolic BP (2–4 mmHg, p < 0.001) after exposure to both temperatures. In contrast, static upper-body exercise increased central systolic BP after exposure to cold (7 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.001). Acute dynamic lower and upper-body exercise mainly lowers post-exercise central BP in CAD patients irrespective of the environmental temperature. In contrast, central systolic BP was elevated after static exercise in cold. CAD patients likely benefit from year-round dynamic exercise, but hemodynamic responses following static exercise in a cold environment should be examined further.Clinical trials.gov: NCT02855905 04/08/2016.

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A Feasibility Study of Kinematic Characteristics on the Upper Body According to the Shooting of Elite Disabled Archery Athletes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2962

Author(s):

Tae-Whan Kim ◽

Jae-Won Lee ◽

Seoung-Ki Kang ◽

Kyu-Yeon Chae ◽

Sang-Hyup Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Body ◽

Movement Trajectory ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Kinematic Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Athletes With Disabilities ◽

Body Center ◽

Time Required

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the kinematic characteristics of the upper limb segments during the archery shooting of Paralympic Wheelchair Class archers (ARW2—second wheelchair class—paraplegia or comparable disability) and Paralympic Standing Class archers (ARST—standing archery class—loss of 25 points in the upper limbs or lower limbs), where archers are classified according to their disability grade among elite disabled archers. The participants of this study were selected as seven elite athletes with disabilities by the ARW2 (n = 4) and ARST (n = 3). The analysis variables were (1) the time required for each phase, (2) the angle of inclination of the body center, (3) the change of trajectory of body center, and (4) the change of the movement trajectory of the bow center by phase when performing six shots in total. The ARW2 group (drawing phase; M = 2.228 s, p < 0.05, holding phase; M = 4.414 s, p < 0.05) showed a longer time than the ARST group (drawing phase; M = 0.985 s, holding phase; M = 3.042 s), and the angle of the body did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, in the direction of the anteroposterior axis in the drawing phase, the change in the movement trajectory of the body center showed a more significant amount of change in the ARW2 group than in the ARST group, and the change in the movement trajectory of the bow center did not show a significant difference between the two groups.

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Loading comparison of two structures in the moving tube of a non-invasive prosthesis

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-202420 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Ping Ye ◽

Lizheng Zhang ◽

Hongliu Wu ◽

Tianxi Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Limb Length Discrepancy ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Lower Body ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Testing Method ◽

Finite Element Analysis Simulation

BACKGROUND: The treatment of adolescent patients with distal femoral cancer has always been a concern. The limb-salvage, regarded as a mainstream treatment, had been developed in recent years, but its application in children still remains challenging. This is because it can lead to potential limb-length discrepancy from the continued normal growth of the contralateral lower body. The extendable prosthesis could solve this problem. The principle is that it can artificially control the length of the prosthesis, making it consistent with the length of the side of the lower limbs. However, this prosthesis has some complications. The extendable prosthesis is classified into invasive and minimally invasive, which extends the prosthesis with each operation. OBJECTIVE: We designed a new non-invasive prosthesis that can be extended in the body. Based on the non-invasive and extendable characteristics, we need to verify the supporting performance of this prosthesis. METHODS: We carried out a mechanical testing method and finite element analysis simulation. CONCLUSION: The support performance and non-invasively extension of this prosthesis were verified.

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Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise distributed between the upper and lower body

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1983.54.5.1403 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 1403-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

M. M. Toner ◽

M. N. Sawka ◽

L. Levine ◽

K. B. Pandolf

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽

Venous Return ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Upper Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Upper Body Exercise ◽

Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽

Muscle Groups ◽

Constant Power Output

The present study examined the influence that distributing exercise between upper (arm crank exercise) and lower (cycle exercise) body muscle groups had on cardiorespiratory responses to constant power output (PO) exercise. Six male volunteers completed five submaximal exercise bouts of 7-min duration at both 76 and 109 W. The arm PO/total PO (% arm) for these bouts was approximately 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100%. At 76 W, O2 uptake (VO2) did not change (P greater than 0.05) from 0 to approximately 20% arm (approximately 1.30 1 x min-1) but increased with increasing percent arm values up to 100% (1.58 1 x min-1). At 109 W, VO2 increased throughout the range of 0 (1.70 1 x min-1) to 100% arm (2.33 1 x min-1). In general, minute ventilation (VE) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) increased with increased percent arm values at 76 and 109 W. The heart rate (HR) responses remained unchanged from 0 to 60% arm at both 76 and 109 W; however, between 60 and 100% arm, a 26-beats x min-1 increase was observed at 76 W (143 beats x min-1 at 100% arm) and a 45-beats x min-1 increase at 109 W (174 beats x min-1 at 100% arm). These data suggested that during upper body exercise, the increased VO2 associated with increased percent arm values was not accompanied by an elevated HR response when at least 40% of the PO was performed by the lower body. This might be attributed to a facilitated venous return and/or a decreased total peripheral resistance when the lower body was involved in the exercise.

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Determination of maximal aerobic power during upper-body exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1983.54.1.113 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

M. N. Sawka ◽

M. E. Foley ◽

N. A. Pimental ◽

M. M. Toner ◽

K. B. Pandolf

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Pulmonary Ventilation ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Upper Body ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Upper Body Exercise ◽

Peak Vo2 ◽

Power Peak

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate four protocols for their effectiveness in eliciting maximal aerobic power (peak VO2) during arm-crank exercise. Comparisons were made 1) between a continuous (CON) and an intermittent (INT) protocol (both employed a crank rate of 50 rpm) and 2) among the CON protocols employing crank rates of 30, 50, or 70 rpm. For the first group of experiments no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were found between the CON and INT protocols for peak VO2, maximal pulmonary ventilation (VEmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), or maximal blood lactate (LAmax) responses. For the second group of experiments, the CON-50 was compared with the CON-30 and CON-70 protocols. In comparison to the CON-50, significantly higher peak VO2 (+10%) and VEmax (+14%) responses were elicited by the CON-70 protocol, whereas significantly lower peak VO2 (-11%), VEmax (-23%), HRmax (-8%), and LAmax (-29%) responses were elicited by the CON-30 protocol. Of the arm-crank protocols examined the combination of a continuous design and a crank rate of 70 rpm provided the most effective protocol to elicit peak VO2 values.

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Effects of Unweighting on Gait Kinematics During Walking on a Lower-Body Positive-Pressure Treadmill in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20817/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiaki Kataoka ◽

Tomohiro Shimizu ◽

Ryo Takeda ◽

Shigeru Tadano ◽

Yuki Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Plantar Flexion ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Positive Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Body ◽

Gait Kinematics

Abstract Background: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal condition that makes walking difficult due to pain induced by weight-bearing activities. Treadmills that support the body weight (BW) reduce the load on the lower limbs, and those equipped with a lower-body positive-pressure (LBPP) device, developed as a new method for unweighting, significantly reduce pain in patients with knee OA. However, the effects of unweighting on gait kinematics remain unclear in patients with hip OA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of unweighting on kinematics in patients with hip OA during walking on a treadmill equipped with an LBPP device. Methods: A total of 15 women with hip OA and 15 age-matched female controls wore a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system and walked at a self-selected speed on the LBPP treadmill. Data regarding self-reported hip pain using a numeric rating scale (NRS) in which the scores 0 and 10 represented no pain and the worst pain, respectively, under three different BW conditions (100%, 75%, and 50%) were collected. Moreover, 3-D peak joint angles during gait under each condition were calculated and compared. Results: In the hip OA group, the NRS pain scores at 50% and 75% BW conditions significantly decreased compared with that at 100% BW condition (50%, P=0.002; 75%, P=0.026), and the peak hip extension angle decreased compared with that in the healthy controls (P=0.044). In both groups, unweighting significantly decreased the peak hip (P<0.001) and knee (P<0.001) flexion angles and increased the peak ankle plantar flexion angle (P<0.001) during walking. Conclusions: Unweighting by the LBPP treadmill decreased pain in the hip OA group but did not drastically alter the gait kinematics compared with that in the control group. Therefore, regarding the use of the LBPP treadmill for patients with hip OA, clinicians should consider the benefits of pain reduction rather than the kinematic changes.

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Influence of Training Status and Maturity on Pulmonary O2 Uptake Recovery Kinetics Following Cycle and Upper Body Exercise in Girls

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.24.2.246 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 246-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Melitta A. McNarry ◽

Joanne R. Welsman ◽

Andrew M. Jones

Keyword(s):

Time Constant ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Upper Body ◽

Training Status ◽

Lower Body ◽

O2 Uptake ◽

Upper Body Exercise ◽

Young Girls

The influence of training status on pulmonary VO2 recovery kinetics, and its interaction with maturity, has not been investigated in young girls. Sixteen prepubertal (Pre: trained (T, 11.4 ± 0.7 years), 8 untrained (UT, 11.5 ± 0.6 years)) and 8 pubertal (Pub: 8T, 14.2 ± 0.7 years; 8 UT, 14.5 ± 1.3 years) girls completed repeat transitions from heavy intensity exercise to a baseline of unloaded exercise, on both an upper and lower body ergometer. The VO2 recovery time constant was significantly shorter in the trained prepubertal and pubertal girls during both cycle (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 32 ± 6; Pub: T, 28 ± 2 vs. UT, 35 ± 7 s; both p < .05) and upper body exercise (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 35 ± 6; Pub: T, 30 ± 4 vs. UT, 42 ± 3 s; both p < .05). No interaction was evident between training status and maturity. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of VO2 recovery kinetics to training in young girls and challenge the notion of a “maturational threshold” in the influence of training status on the physiological responses to exercise and recovery.

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Epidemiology of sports injuries in basketball: integrative systematic review

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000468 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000468 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carlos Vicente Andreoli ◽

Bárbara Camargo Chiaramonti ◽

Elisabeth Biruel ◽

Alberto de Castro Pochini ◽

Benno Ejnisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sports Injuries ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Integrative Review ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Sources Of Information

IntroductionBasketball is a contact sport with complex movements that include jumps, turns and changes in direction, which cause frequent musculoskeletal injuries in all regions of the body.ObjectiveThis is an integrative systematic review of the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in basketball.MethodsThis is an integrative review based on the following sources of information: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, BBO-Biblioteca Brasileira de Odontologia, IBECS-Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, nursing journals, dental journals and core clinical journals in the last 10 years with studies addressing the general epidemiology of sports injuries in basketball.ResultsIn total, 268 articles were selected, of which 11 were eligible for the integrative review. A total of 12 960 injuries were observed, most of which occurred in the lower limbs (63.7%), with 2832 (21.9%) ankle injuries and 2305 (17.8%) knee injuries. Injuries in the upper limbs represented 12%–14% of the total injuries. Children and adolescents received head injuries more often compared with the other age and skill categories. In the adult category, there was an increased prevalence of injuries in the trunk and spine. In the upper limbs, hands, fingers and wrists were affected more frequently than the shoulders, arms and forearms. In the masters’ category, there was an increase in the incidence of thigh injuries.ConclusionThe lower limbs were the most affected, with the ankle and knee joints having the highest prevalence of injuries regardless of gender and category. Further randomised studies, increased surveillance and epidemiological data collection are necessary to improve knowledge on sports injuries in basketball and to validate the effectiveness of preventive interventions.

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