scholarly journals The effects of aflatoxin B1 and silymarin-containing milk thistle seeds on ileal morphology and digestibility in broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Hasheminejad ◽  
Omid Fani Makki ◽  
Hossein Ansari Nik ◽  
Ahmad Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Mean

This study investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and milk thistle seed (MTS) on some apparent ileal morphology and digestibility variables in the small intestines of broilers. A total of 216 Ross 308 male broiler chickens were allocated in a 3x3 factorial arrangement of the treatments with three concentration of AFB1 (0, 250, and 500 ppb) and three levels of MTS (0, 5, and 10 g kg-1). On day 35, the birds that received diets with 500 ppb of AFB1 alone (main effect) showed significant decrease in apparent ileal digestibility [dry matter (DM; 72.46±0.27), calcium (Ca; 40.81±1.11), crude protein (CP; 29.42±1.89), apparent digestible energy (2653±58.82)], ileal morphology [villus length (VL; 822.5±7.47), villus width (VW; 90.16±2.17) and ratio of VL to crypt depth (VL/CD; 4.74±0.07)] in their ileum segments (P<0.01). However, the mean nitrogen (N; 61.39±0.48) and crypt depth (CD; 173.5±9.87), in the ileum were significantly greater for the birds that were fed with 500 ppb AFB1 alone in their diets when compared with the control (P<0.01). Also, thistle seeds can ameliorate the toxic effects of AFB1 on some ileal digestibility factors, that is, DM, N, Ca, and CP, in broiler chicks. Nevertheless, ileum morphology of VW and goblet cell numbers were not affected negatively by the AFB1 plus MTS in diets. The results of this study indicated that the use of MTS independently reduced the toxic effects of AFB1, facilitated the absorption of nutrients, and reduced the metabolic demands of the intestinal tract in broiler chickens.

Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in wheat, barley, pea and flaxseed for broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bandegan ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
E. Kiarie ◽  
R. L. Payne ◽  
G. H. Crow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean

Bandegan A., Golian, A., Kiarie E., Payne R. L., Crow G. H., Guenter W. and Nyachoti C. M. 2011. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in wheat, barley, pea and flaxseed for broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 103–111. Experiments were conducted to estimate ileal amino acids (AA) digestibility in six wheat (exp. 1; 288 birds), seven barley (exp. 2; 252 birds), five pea (exp. 3; 240 birds) and five flaxseed (exp. 4; 216 birds) samples in male Ross broiler chicks. Wheat, barley and pea were the sole source of dietary AA in exps. 1, 2 and 3, whereas, for exp. 4, flaxseed and wheat (50:50 wt/wt) or wheat provided dietary AA. Chromic oxide was the indigestible marker. Birds were fed chick starter for the first 14 d; on day 15 each test diet was randomly assigned to six cages, each with six (exps. 2 and 4) or eight (exps. 1 and 3) birds. On day 21, birds were killed and digesta were sampled to determine the apparent ileal AA digestibility (AID). The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values were calculated using ileal endogenous AA losses previously determined in our laboratory from birds fed N-free diet. The mean SID values for indispensable AA ranged from 83.7% (Lys) to 93.8% (Phe), 80.4% (Arg) to 90.9% (Phe), 86.0% (Met+Cys) to 94.2% (Arg) and 47.4% (Thr) to 66.7% (Met) for wheat, barley, peas and flaxseed samples, respectively. Overall, SID AA estimates for flaxseed had higher (> 13%) coefficients of variation (CV) compared with other ingredients (CV<6%). These SID AA data will help nutritionists to formulate broiler diets that more closely match the birds' requirements and minimize nutrient excretion.

Effects of wet feeding and enzyme supplementation on nutritional value of wheat screenings for broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Ghorbanali Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Karimi ◽  
Soosan Mohammadi ◽  
Asaad Vaziry ◽  
Mahmood Habibian
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

The effects of wet feeding and a multi-enzyme preparation on the nutritional value of wheat screenings (WS) for broiler chicks were investigated. In total, 540 1-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet up to 29 days of age. At that time, the birds were randomly assigned to nine diets in a completely randomised design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, including three levels of WS (0%, 25% and 50%, WS0, WS25 and WS50 respectively) and three processing methods (no processing, enzyme supplementation and wet feeding). The enzyme mixture contained endo-1, 4-β-xylanase (200 FXU/g), endo-1, 4-β-glucanase (50 FBG/g), endo-1, 8-β-glucanase (21 FBG/g), hemicellulase (3000 VHCU/g), α-galactosidase (3 GALU/g) and protease (260 U/g) and was supplemented at a level of 6 g/kg of diet. The inclusion of water in wet diets was in the extent of 1.2 kg/kg of diet. During the period from 29 to 49 days of age, feed intake was not affected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in the diet, whereas chicks fed the WS25 diet had a higher (P < 0.05) bodyweight gain than did those on WS0 diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in the diet throughout the study. The feed intake was increased (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation to WS50 diet, while bodyweight gain was increased (P < 0.05) by wet feeding. Enzyme supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) FCR, whereas wet feeding resulted in lower (P < 0.05) FCR over the entire study. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in the diet. The viscosity of the ileal digesta was higher (P < 0.05) in chicks receiving the WS50 diet than that in chicks receiving the other diets. The jejunal villus height was increased (P < 0.05) and the jejunal crypt depth was decreased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in diet. The jejunal crypt depth was greater (P < 0.05) in chicks receiving the wet diets than in chicks receiving the enzyme-supplemented diets (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the results from the present study indicated that broiler growth performance was improved by the inclusion of WS in the diet and also by wet feeding. These effects were largely compatible with the changes that occurred in the small intestine morphology, but not with those observed for ileal digesta viscosity.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) against Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chicks

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chand ◽  
Din Muhammad ◽  
F. R. Durrani ◽  
M. Subhan Qureshi ◽  
Sahibzada S Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Silybum Marianum

Effects of spray-dried colostrum and plasmas on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. King ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. V. Thomas ◽  
M. J. Birtles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Spray Dried

The influence of feeding with starter diets containing spray-dried bovine colostrum (SBC), spray-dried bovine plasma (SBP), or spray-dried porcine plasma (SPP) on the growth performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens was investigated. The crude protein, lysine, and methionine plus cystine contents (g/kg as received) of SBC, SBP, and SPP were determined to be 766, 736, and 684; 58, 61, and 55; and 27, 28, and 24, respectively. The 3 test proteins were incorporated into a maize–soybean meal diet at a level of 50 g/kg and fed to 6 replicates of 8 male broiler chicks from 1 to 14 days of age. On Day 14, the experimental diets were replaced with a common grower-finisher diet, which was offered until Day 35. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the weight gain or feed intake of birds during the first 14 days. However, feed/gain of birds fed the SBC diet was lower (P < 0.05) than of those fed the control diet. A trend for a reduction in feed/gain (P = 0.06) was observed in SBP and SPP diets. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance during Days 14–35 or Days 1–35. Villus height was increased by 5.7% (P < 0.05) and 4.6% (P = 0.05) in birds fed the SPP and SBP diets, respectively, compared with those fed the control diet. Crypt depth was 6% greater (P < 0.05) in birds fed the SPP diet and tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in birds fed the SBC diet, compared with birds fed the control. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in birds offered the SBC diet compared with the control. Crypt goblet cell density was reduced (P < 0.05) by 13.9% in birds fed the SBC diet, compared with control birds. These results suggest that feeding with diets containing the SBC, SBP, and SPP during 1–14 days of age has some beneficial effects on broiler chickens. Further studies are needed to evaluate these products in less sanitary environments, which may increase the positive responses.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of full-fat soybean without or with protease supplementation in diets for broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Santos Dalólio ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Horácio Santiago Rostagno ◽  
Diego Ladeira da Silva ◽  
Maurílio de Lucas Xavier Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

ABSTRACT Two experiments were carried out to determine the energy values and the true ileal digestibility of amino acids of nine toasted full-fat soybeans (FFSB), without or with the addition of monocomponent protease. In the first experiment, to determine the energy values, the method of excreta collection was used with 1120 broiler chicks at 14 days old, distributed in randomized blocks in a 10x2 factorial arrangement with nine full-fat soybeans (30% included) plus a control diet (70%) without or with the addition of protease, totaling 20 treatments with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. In the second experiment, 1120 broiler chickens from 24 to 28 days of age were distributed in randomized blocks in a 10x2 factor arrangement, with nine full-fat soybeans (40% included) + a protein free diet (60%), without or with the addition of protease, totaling 20 treatments with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. Ileal digesta collection was used to determine the true digestibility coefficients and the digestible amino acid content of full-fat soybean. The average values of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and their respective metabolization coefficients (CAMEn) were 3207 kcal/kg and 62.57%, respectively. The average values of digestibility coefficients of crude protein and essential and nonessential amino acids were 86.79, 87.90 and 84.34%, respectively. The inclusion of protease improved (P<0.05) all evaluated parameters. Therefore, its use is recommended in diets containing full-fat soybeans for broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Solis-Cruz ◽  
Daniel Hernandez-Patlan ◽  
Victor Petrone ◽  
Karine Pontin ◽  
Juan Latorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cellulosic Polymers

To evaluate the effect of cellulosic polymers (CEL) and curcumin (CUR) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxic effects on performance, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens, 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups with three replicates of 10 chickens per pen: Negative Control (feed); AFB1 (feed + 2 ppm AFB1); CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + Curcumin 0.2%); CEL (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulosic polymers); and, CEL + CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulose polymers + 0.2% Curcumin). Every week, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. On day 21, liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine from five broilers per replicate per group were removed to obtain relative organ weight. Histopathological changes in liver, several biochemical biomarkers, antibody titers, and muscle and skin pigmentation were also recorded. Dietary addition of 0.3% CEL and 0.2% CUR separately significantly diminished some of the toxic effects resulting from AFB1 on performance parameters, relative organs weight, histopathology, immune response, and serum biochemical variables (P < 0.05); however, the combination of CUR and CEL showed a better-integrated approach for the management of poultry health problems that are related with the consumption of AFB1, since they have different mechanisms of action with different positive effects on the responses of broiler chickens.

Kaempferol improved growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Muhammad ◽  
I. D. Jatau ◽  
A. M. Umar ◽  
M. A. Chiroma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sporulated Oocyst ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The study investigated the effects of kaempferol on growth performance in two weeks old broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella. Sixty, one-day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into six groups (I-VI) of ten broiler chicks each and brooded for two weeks with commercial broiler feed (vital feed®) and provided water ad libitum. At two weeks of age, broilers in group 1 were neither infected nor treated. Broilers in groups II- VI were infected 4 with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst (10 /mL) via oral inoculation. After infection was established, broilers in groups II-IVwere treated Per os with 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of kaempferol respectively. Broilers in group V were treated for five days with amprolium, 1.25 g/L in drinking water and those in group VI were administered normal saline, 5 mL/kg per os for five days. The experimental birds were examined daily for feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data obtained were analyzed using pad prism version 5.0. There was a statistically significant (p<00.5) increase in the mean values of WG, FI and FCR in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent fashion when compared to VI. There was also statistically significant (p<00.5) reduction in the mean values of WG in Group II and III than in Groups IV and V. Mean WG of Groups IV and V did not differ statistically, but there were statistically higher WG in Group V than in group IV. There were consequent high FCR values of 7.3, 5.71, 5.67, 6.19 and 7.08 for groups I, II, III, IV and V respectively compared to 4.9 for Group VI. Thus, the treatment with kaempferol in two weeks old broilers had ameliorated the effects of Eimeria tenella on WG, FI and FCR in this study.

scholarly journals Determination of the serum antibody level of different age groups of broiler chicken against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
MI Hossain ◽  
BK Nath ◽  
MAM Prodhan
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
The Mean

A study on Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) was conducted on broiler chicks (N=200+70) of strains: Cobb-500 and Hubbard classic at Laxmipur district of Bangladesh. The blood sample were collected at day old chicks (1st day), pre-vaccinated flocks (11th day) and post-vaccinated flocks (26th day), to measure the antibody titer by indirect ELISA method. Maternal derived antibody (MDA) mean titer of day old chicks (N=40) were found 9621.65 ± 780.78 and 4232.60 ± 301.66 for Cobb-500 and Hubbard classic respectively. MDA mean titer was measured at day eleven chicken (N=60) before vaccination and found 1963.00 ± 143 and 984.16 ± 126.4037 respectively. Of these two titers; Cobb-500 strain was found to be protective (>1000) where Hubbard classic was below protective (<1000) titer level. The two flocks of Cobb-500 and Hubbard classic strains of broiler chickens were vaccinated with intermediate (Bursine-2) and intermediate plus (IBD Blen) vaccine respectively at day twelve and serum was harvested on day twenty six. The mean serum titers were found 131.30 ± 36.04 and 7413.54 ± 569.39 in Cobb-500 and Hubbard classic respectively, where mean titer level of Cobb-500 was below the minimum protective level but Hubbard classic strain was developed 7413.54, protective level. These results were indicating that the maternal derived antibody titer persists above 1000 level hindering the development of antibody titer in vaccinated flocks. However, persistence of MDA titer above 1000 may causes of vaccination failure of IBD vaccine.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(2) 22-27

scholarly journals The effect of Silybum marianum seed, Thymus vulgaris, and Rosmarinus officinalis powders in alleviating the risks of aflatoxin B1 in young broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Raei ◽  
Ramin Najafi ◽  
Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi ◽  
Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani ◽  
Fatemeh Azari Ghaleh Joogh
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Silybum Marianum

Abstract This investigation was aimed to evaluate the effects of Silybum marianum seed, Thymus vulgaris, and Rosmarinus officinalis powders and their combination in alleviating the risks of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in young broiler chicks. One-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were allocated to 6 experimental groups from d 1 to 21. The experimental dietary groups included: Negative control (NC) received the basal diet, Positive control (PC) containing 2 mg AFB1/kg diet; Positive control + 10 g/kg diet of Silybum marianum seed (SMS); Positive control + 10 g/kg diet of Thymus vulgaris (TV); Positive control + 5 g/kg diet of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO); Positive control + 10 g/kg diet of SMS + 10 g/kg diet of TV + 5 g/kg diet of RO as a blend of herbs (BH). There was no difference between feed intake and body weight gain among the experimental groups (P>0.05). In contrast, the feed conversion rate (FCR) in NC and SMS groups was lower than other groups (P<0.05). Calcium levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were lower in serum samples, but the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were higher in PC chickens (P<0.05). Increase in the thigh muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) in chickens fed AFB1 was significantly reduced in the NC, SMS, and BH chickens (P<0.05). Chickens of NC and SMS groups showed the highest response to respiratory burst of heterophile (NBT assay) and lymphocyte proliferation assays (MTT assay) (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of studied herbs, especially SMS, to the AFB1 contaminated diet could have a protective effect against aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Potentiated Zinc Oxide and Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Intestinal  Morphometry and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babylyn Alday Moog ◽  
Amado Angeles ◽  
Florinia Merca ◽  
Percival Sangel
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study aims to determine the comparative effects of potentiated zinc oxide (pZnO) and antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) supplementation on intestinal morphometry and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Four hundred straight-run day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments replicated 10 times with 10 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments were: T1: Basal diets without AGP (negative control; NC), T2: Basal diets with 500 g/ton Maduramicin 10g and 500 g/ton Zinc bacitracin 150 (positive control; PC), T3: NC added with 150g/ton pZnO, and T4: PC added with 150g/ton pZnO in a 2x2 factorial design in RCBD. At days and 35, 10 birds were randomly selected per treatment 18 for morphometry of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. At day 38, eight birds per treatment were used for the nutrient digestibility study. Results showed significant interaction effects (P<0.05) of AGP and pZnO supplementation on day 35 intestinal morphometry of duodenum’s villi height and villi height: crypt depth, and ileum’s crypt depth; apparent CODGE, AME, CP, DM and EE. Significant differences (P<0.05) with pZnO supplementation were only observed on feed intake and FCR of birds fed with pZnO at days 8-14 and fecal quality at days 0-7. Results of the study suggest that pZnO has the potential to replace AGPs without negatively affecting the intestinal morphometry, digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens.

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