OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF VERTICAL UPFLOW ROUGHING FILTER FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF LEACHATE USING LIMESTONE FILTER MEDIA

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.117125 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 117-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Augustine Chioma Affam

Keyword(s):

Steady Flow ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Main Experiment ◽

Filter Media ◽

Filtration Process ◽

Optimum Treatment ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Filtration Technique

This study was conducted to investigate the removal of COD, BOD, turbidity and colour from leachate using vertical upflow filtration technique. Limestone media with a density of 2554kg/m3 was crushed and graded in sizes of 4-8 mm, 8-12 mm and 12-18 mm. Trial runs were done before the main experiment at an interval of 24 h analysis. Leachate was between pH 7.94 to 8.12 before experiments but increased to pH 8.42 after the filtration process. Maximum headloss at steady flow rate 20mL/min was 0.5 cm. The optimum treatment was achieved with 4 – 8 mm, 8 – 12 mm & 12 – 18 mm media size in combination and removal efficiency was 22 to 81 %, 22 to 75 %, 32 to 86 %, and 36 to 62 % for BOD, COD, turbidity and colour respectively. Vertical upflow roughing filter can be used for pre-treatment of leachate before further treatment.

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Investigating Recycled Filter Media in order to Remove Fluoride Compounds from Groundwater

Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" ◽

10.3846/enviro.2017.072 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Youssef-Amine Boussouga ◽

Marina Valentukeviciene ◽

Ramune Zurauskiene

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Test Bench ◽

Pilot Test ◽

Filter Media ◽

Filtration Process ◽

Technical University

In this article, an enhanced recycled filter media for the removal of fluoride compounds from groundwater via filtration process was investigated. Experiments were made to investigate the influence of recycled filter media on removal efficiency of fluoride compounds. The recycled backwash cake based filter media used at Lithuanian water works were inves-tigated in a pilot test-bench constructed for this research in the Water Management Laboratory of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.

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Estimation of Filtration Potential of an Effective Biosand Filter for Removal of Iron, Turbidity from Various Sources of Water

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.10.2.31 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 556-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lopa Sarkar ◽

S. K Biswal ◽

R. K Panigrahi ◽

Bikash Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Ph Value ◽

World Health ◽

Filter Media ◽

Filtration Process ◽

Biosand Filter ◽

Different Types ◽

Water Ph ◽

Health Organization ◽

Sodium And Potassium

A study has been conducted for designing, constructing and evaluating of an effective biosand filter. Different types of charcoal mixture such as bamboo, coconut and wood and carbon mat as an important filter media was used for the modification of biosand filter. The filter had seven layers with gravel, sand, carbon mat and charcoal which were responsible for filtration process. The filtered water analysed in every 20 min interval. The raw ground water pH was 6.12 while it passes through bamboo, coconut and wood mixture filter, the filtered water showed higher pH value. The filter in which mixture of charcoal used as filter media showed better removal efficiency of turbidity compared to control filter without charcoal and mat. The value of turbidity in filtered water of charcoal mixture filter was below 2 NTU which is the permissible limit of drinking water according to World Health Organization but for control it was average 14 NTU. Initially the flow rate was higher and gradually decreases with time. The flow rate of the Biosand filtered water decreases significantly with increase in turbidity. The charcoal based filter showed better removal of iron (II) (95-98%) compared to control (73-76%). The charcoal based filter resulted tastier water by enriching of water with mineral like sodium and potassium.

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Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.259 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (10) ◽

pp. 2097-2105 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Mohammed ◽

S. Vigneswaran ◽

J. Kandasamy

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Filter Media ◽

Limited Sample ◽

Pre Treatment

This paper presents the results of the long term biofilter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a canal at Carlton, in Sydney. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as a single filter media in biofilter columns. Media heights of 75 and 40 cm were used. The filter columns were operated at filtration velocities of 0.12 and 0.25 m/h. The removal efficiency for turbidity and DOC for the GAC filter media were found to be 75% and almost 100% respectively. The removal efficiency for the anthracite filter was much lower. Molecular weight distribution analysis showed an almost similar trend to the DOC removal. Compared with anthracite filter media, the GAC biofilter removed a much larger range of organic compounds present in the stormwater. The GAC biofilter removes organic matter earlier as compared to anthracite. Based on a limited sample of stormwater, the removal efficiency for phosphorus was upto 74% and that of nitrogen was up to 30%. In general GAC filter shows higher heavy metal removal efficiency than anthracite. The removal of zinc, iron, lead and nickel were good. However the concentration of heavy metal in the raw surface water sample was low.

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Treatment of wastewater containing o-phenylenediamine by ozone in a rotor-stator reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.617 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 1357-1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Moses Arowo ◽

Yingwen Li ◽

Guangwen Chu ◽

Baochang Sun ◽

Jianfeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Ozone Concentration ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Volumetric Flow Rate ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Cod Reduction ◽

Pre Treatment

This work employed a novel rotor-stator reactor (RSR) to intensify the degradation process of o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) by ozone. The effects of different operating parameters including initial pH, temperature, rotation speed, liquid volumetric flow rate and inlet ozone concentration on the removal efficiency of o-PDA were investigated in an attempt to establish the optimum conditions. The removal efficiency was evaluated in terms of degradation ratio and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction ratio of the o-PDA wastewater. Results indicate that the removal efficiency decreased with increasing liquid volumetric flow rate but increased with an increase in pH and inlet ozone concentration. Also, the removal efficiency increased up to a certain level with an increase in rotation speed and temperature. Additionally, a comparison experiment was carried out in a stirred tank reactor (STR), and the results show that the degradation and COD reduction ratios reached a maximum of 94.6% and 61.2% in the RSR as compared to 45.3% and 28.6% in the STR, respectively. This work demonstrates that ozone oxidation carried out in RSR may be a promising alternative for pre-treatment of o-PDA wastewater.

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Removal of trichloroethylene and trichloroethane using a novel hollow-fibre gas-permeable membrane

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2003.0151 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (5-6) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

S. Takizawa ◽

T. Win

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Flow Regime ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Residence Time ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Air Flow ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Permeation Rate ◽

Permeable Membrane ◽

Diffusional Boundary Layer

In order to evaluate effects of operational parameters on the removal efficiency of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethene from water, lab-scale experiments were conducted using a novel hollow-fibre gaspermeable membrane system, which has a very thin gas-permeable membrane held between microporous support membranes. The permeation rate of chlorinated hydrocarbons increased at higher temperature and water flow rate. On the other hand, the effects of the operational conditions in the permeate side were complex. When the permeate side was kept at low pressure without sweeping air (pervaporation), the removal efficiency of chlorinated hydrocarbon, as well as water permeation rate, was low probably due to lower level of membrane swelling on the permeate side. But when a very small amount of air was swept on the membrane (air perstripping) under a low pressure, it showed a higher efficiency than in any other conditions. Three factors affecting the permeation rate are: 1) reduction of diffusional boundary layer within the microporous support membrane, 2) air/vapour flow regime and short cutting, and 3) the extent of membrane swelling on the permeate side. A higher air flow, in general, reduces the diffusional boundary layer, but at the same time disrupts the flow regime, causes short cutting, and makes the membrane dryer. Due to these multiple effects on gas permeation, there is an optimum operational condition concerning the vacuum pressure and the air flow rate. Under the optimum operational condition, the residence time within the hollow-fibre membrane to achieve 99% removal of TCE was 5.25 minutes. The log (removal rate) was linearly correlated with the average hydraulic residence time within the membrane, and 1 mg/L of TCE can be reduced to 1 μg/L (99.9% removal).

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Radon removal by aeration: observations on testing, installation and maintenance of domestic treatment units

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2009.449 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 469-475

Author(s):

T. Turtiainen

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Flow ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Household Water ◽

Medium Flow ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Frequent Sampling

Radon is one of the contaminants that sometimes impair the water quality of wells, especially those drilled in bedrock. Domestic radon removal units based on aeration have been commercially available for more than ten years. In order to determine how effectively these units remove radon a new test protocol applying frequent sampling while letting 100 litres of water flow, was developed. This way, removal efficiencies can be more accurately calculated and possible malfunctions detected. Seven models of domestic aerators designed for removing radon from household water were tested. The aerators were based on diffused bubble aeration, spray aeration or jet aeration. The average removal efficiencies for 100 litres with a medium flow rate were 86–100% except for a unit that circulated the aerated water back to the well that had removal efficiency of 80% at the maximum. By conducting a questionnaire study usual problems related to the aeration units were localized and recommendations on maintenance and installation are given accordingly.

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Pilot-plant experiments for improvement of polluted canal/klong water by rock-bed filtration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0300 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Shigeo Fujii ◽

Chiaki Niwa ◽

Mitsuo Mouri ◽

Ranjna Jindal

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Horizontal Flow ◽

Removal Mechanism ◽

Soluble Organic Matter ◽

Filter Media ◽

Canal Water ◽

Rock Bed ◽

One Year ◽

Filtration Technique

Applicability of the rock-bed filtration technique was investigated through pilot-plant experiments in Bangkok, Thailand. Polluted canal water was used as horizontal flow influent to two reactor channels filled with rocks. During one year operation, HRT, filter media, and aeration mode, were changed in several runs. The results showed that 1) the rock-bed filtration with aeration and the HRT more than 6 h can successfully improve polluted klong water by reducing the pollutants (e.g. 60-120mg/L of SS to 20-40 mg/L and 15-30 mg/L of BOD to 5-20 mg/L); 2) main removal mechanism seems to be the sedimentation resulting from the settleability enhanced by aeration, and the biofilm attached onto rocks also works in the reduction of soluble organic matter; 3) a combination of three rock sizes arranged in descending order showed best results; 4) longer HRT (13 h) produces better effluent but is not so effective if it exceeds 9 hours; 5) 60-70% of sediment IL was decomposed in a year, and porosity in rock beds reduced approximately 16%.

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Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticide in a Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor: Effects of Operating Parameters and Kinetics Study

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1637 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 1637-1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ting Jun Ma ◽

Yi Qing Xu

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Pulse Frequency ◽

Gas Flow Rate ◽

Peak Voltage ◽

Initial Concentration

The degradation effectiveness and reaction kinetics of representative organophosphorus (OP) pesticide in a packed-bed plasma reactor have been studied. Important parameters, including peak voltage, pulse frequency, gas-flow rate, initial concentration, diameter of catalyst particles, and thickness of catalyst bed which influences the removal efficiency, were investigated. Experimental results indicated that rogor removal efficiency as high as 80% can be achieved at 35 kV with the gas flow rate of 800 mL/min and initial concentration of 11.2 mg/m3.The removal efficiency increased with the increase of pulsed high voltage, and pulse frequency, the decrease of the diameter of catalyst particles and the thickness of catalyst bed. Finally, a model was established to predict the degradation of the rogor, which generally can simulate the experimental measurements to some degree.

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