scholarly journals Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Population demographics, pathogenesis and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Hollhumer ◽  
Susan Williams ◽  
Pamela Michelow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a unifying term used to describe conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.Aim: The aim of this article was to describe the demographics, clinical features, pathogenesis and risk factors of OSSN.Method: A literature search was conducted using the search criteria ‘ocular surface squamous neoplasia’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘epidemiology’, ‘pathogenesis’ and ‘risk factors’.Results: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia is the most common ocular tumour, with incidence rates ranging from 0.01 to 3.4 per 100 000 persons/year. There are two main patterns  of disease presentation: older white males in temperate climates where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are not associated; and a younger patient population in tropical climates where HIV and HPV are more prevalent. The pathogenesis primarily revolves around ultraviolet B exposure and HPV infection that cause genetic mutations and uncontrolled cellular proliferation, whilst HIV infection and vitamin A impair tumour surveillance mechanisms. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia is first suspected clinically before formal confirmation of the diagnosis. Morphologically, it can be divided into three groups: placoid, nodular and diffuse. Placoid lesions can further be sub-divided into gelatinous, leukoplakic and papilliform lesions. Nodular lesions have the poorest prognosis, with the highest risk of metastasis and recurrence.Conclusion: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia is a common ocular tumour associated with ultraviolet radiation, HPV and HIV infection. The pathogenesis revolves around acquired genetic mutations, unregulated cellular proliferation and impaired tumour surveillance mechanisms.

Bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A study of 25 patients and review of literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110071
Author(s):  
Vijitha S Vempuluru ◽  
Monalisha Pattnaik ◽  
Neha Ghose ◽  
Swathi Kaliki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽  
Retrospective Case

Purpose: To describe the risk factors, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Methods: Retrospective case series. Results: Of the 25 patients with bilateral OSSN, the mean age at diagnosis of OSSN was 31 years (median, 24 years; range, 2–60 years). Risk factors for bilateral OSSN included xeroderma pigmentosum ( n = 15, 60%), human immunodeficiency virus infection ( n = 3, 12%), conjunctival xerosis ( n = 1, 4%), and topical steroid use ( n = 1, 4%). There were no identifiable ocular or systemic risk factors in 7 (28%) patients. Presentation was synchronous in 14 (56%) and metachronous in 11 (44%) patients. Tumor morphology was bilaterally similar in 12 (48%) patients. Histopathological examination ( n = 36) revealed conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 in 4 (8%); grade 2 in 7 (14%); carcinoma in situ in 5 (10%), and invasive carcinoma in 20 (40%). Primary management of OSSN ( n = 49) included excisional biopsy ( n = 31, 62%), topical immunotherapy (IFN α2B) ( n = 11; 22%), topical Mitomycin C (MMC) ( n = 3, 6%), enucleation ( n = 1, 2%), orbital exenteration ( n = 2, 4%), and plaque brachytherapy (PBT) ( n = 1, 2%). One patient was lost to follow-up after detection of tumor in the second eye. Recurrent tumors were noted in 16 (32%) eyes and binocular globe salvage was achieved in 16 (64%) patients at a mean follow up of 41 months (median 30 months; range, 1–164 months). Conclusion: OSSN occurrence can be synchronous or metachronous. Meticulous examination of the fellow eye is important for an early diagnosis of OSSN.

scholarly journals Risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya: a case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1522-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gichuhi ◽  
Ephantus Macharia ◽  
Joy Kabiru ◽  
Alain M'bongo Zindamoyen ◽  
Hillary Rono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Characteristics of HIV seroconverters in the setting of universal test and treat: Results from the SEARCH trial in rural Uganda and Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0243167
Author(s):  
Marilyn N. Nyabuti ◽  
Maya L. Petersen ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bukusi ◽  
Moses R. Kamya ◽  
Florence Mwangwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Universal Test And Treat

Background Additional progress towards HIV epidemic control requires understanding who remains at risk of HIV infection in the context of high uptake of universal testing and treatment (UTT). We sought to characterize seroconverters and risk factors in the SEARCH UTT trial (NCT01864603), which achieved high uptake of universal HIV testing and ART coverage in 32 communities of adults (≥15 years) in rural Uganda and Kenya. Methods In a pooled cohort of 117,114 individuals with baseline HIV negative test results, we described those who seroconverted within 3 years, calculated gender-specific HIV incidence rates, evaluated adjusted risk ratios (aRR) for seroconversion using multivariable targeted maximum likelihood estimation, and assessed potential infection sources based on self-report. Results Of 704 seroconverters, 63% were women. Young (15–24 years) men comprised a larger proportion of seroconverters in Western Uganda (18%) than Eastern Uganda (6%) or Kenya (10%). After adjustment for other risk factors, men who were mobile [≥1 month of prior year living outside community] (aRR:1.68; 95%CI:1.09,2.60) or who HIV tested at home vs. health fair (aRR:2.44; 95%CI:1.89,3.23) were more likely to seroconvert. Women who were aged ≤24 years (aRR:1.91; 95%CI:1.27,2.90), mobile (aRR:1.49; 95%CI:1.04,2.11), or reported a prior HIV test (aRR:1.34; 95%CI:1.06,1.70), or alcohol use (aRR:2.07; 95%CI:1.34,3.22) were more likely to seroconvert. Among survey responders (N = 607, 86%), suspected infection source was more likely for women than men to be ≥10 years older (28% versus 8%) or a spouse (51% vs. 31%) and less likely to be transactional sex (10% versus 16%). Conclusion In the context of universal testing and treatment, additional strategies tailored to regional variability are needed to address HIV infection risks of young women, alcohol users, mobile populations, and those engaged in transactional sex to further reduce HIV incidence rates.

scholarly journals OCULAR SURFACE SQUAMOUS CELL NEOPLASIA IN A 25 YEARS MAN FROM D.I.KHAN, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharjeel ◽  
Farooq Ul Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Wrong Diagnosis

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a term that describes the spectrum of abnormal growth of atypical squamous epithelial cells of the conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. It is more common in people working for long in sun-exposed areas. It resembles other common ocular surface conditions such as pterygium, pinguecula, atopic conjunctivitis, diffuse episcleritis, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis which may result in the wrong diagnosis of the entity. Here we report a case of OSSN in a 25 years old man which was referred to us as a case of pterygium. An excisional biopsy revealed clusters of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells.

HIV-associated high-risk HPV infection in Nigerian women.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1576-1576
Author(s):  
Sally Nneoma Akarolo-Anthony ◽  
Celestine C. Ogbonna ◽  
Oluranti Ayotunde Famooto ◽  
Eileen O. Dareng ◽  
Maryam Al-Mujtaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
High Risk Hpv

1576 Background: The incidence of cervical cancer has remained stable in HIV+ women but the prevalence and multiplicity of high risk HPV (hrHPV) infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer, appears different comparing HIV+ to HIV- women. Because this has not been well studied in Africa, we conducted this study to identify single and multiple hrHPV infection among HIV+ and HIV- women in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled HIV+ and HIV- women presenting at our cervical cancer screening program in Abuja, Nigeria between April 2012 and August 2012. Using a nurse administered questionnaire, we collected information on demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection and cervical exfoliated cells samples from all participants. We used Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test to characterize the prevalent HPV according to manufacturer’s instruction and logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV infection and the risk of high-risk HPV infection. Results: There were 278 participants, 40% (111) of whom were HIV negative, 54% (151) HIV positive and 6% (16) with HIV status unknown. Of these, 108 HIV+ women cases and 149 HIV- women controls were available for analysis. The mean ages (±SD) were 37.6 (±7.7) for HIV+ and 36.6 (±7.9) years for HIV- women (p-value = 0.34). Cases and controls had similar socio-demographic characteristics. Among HIV+ women, HPV35 (8.7%) and HPV56 (7.4%) were the most prevalent hrHPV, while HPV52 and HPV68 (2.8%, each) were the most prevalent among HIV- women. The age adjusted RR for prevalent hrHPV was 4.18 (95% CI 2.05 – 8.49, p-value <0.0001), comparing HIV+ to HIV- women. The multivariate RR for any HPV and multiple hrHPV was 3.75 (95% CI 2.08 – 6.73, p-value 0.01) and 6.6 (95% CI 1.49 – 29.64, p-value 0.01) respectively, comparing HIV+ to HIV- women, adjusted for age, and educational level. Conclusions: HIV infection was associated with increased risk of any HPV, hrHPV and multiple HPV infections. Oncogenic HPV types 35, 52, 56 and 68 may be more important risk factors for cervical pre-cancer and cancer among women in Africa. Polyvalent hrHPV vaccines meant for African populations should protect against HPV types other than 16 and 18.

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) of the Socket: Management of Extensive Tumors With Interferon

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Shields ◽  
Swarupa Kancherla ◽  
Carlos G. Bianciotto ◽  
Sara E. Lally ◽  
Jerry A. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

scholarly journals HPV-Negative Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a 21-year-old Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma usually occurs among women in their 60s or 70s. There are a limited number of reports of vulvar cancer cases younger than 30 years. These patients have usually risk factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In this report, the authors present a rare case of invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a 21-year-old patient without HPV infection. Surgical treatment was performed, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Cdc6 in Squamous and Glandular Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 1164-1168
Author(s):  
Lian Bonds ◽  
Paige Baker ◽  
Carol Gup ◽  
Kenneth R. Shroyer
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Adenocarcinoma In Situ ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Mib 1

Abstract Context.—Cdc6 has been extensively studied as a marker for cellular proliferation that is expressed during the normal cell cycle. Recent studies indicate that Cdc6 may be a marker for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma; however, the histologic distribution of Cdc6 has not been explicitly defined. Expression of Cdc6 in the endocervical mucosa also remains unexplored. Objective.—The goal of the current study was to evaluate the distribution of Cdc6 protein, MIB-1 protein, and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in a broad range of cervical tissues, including normal, potentially premalignant, and malignant lesions of the ectocervical and endocervical mucosa. Methods.—We used an indirect immunoperoxidase method to stain formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and frozen tissues, including biopsy and hysterectomy specimens, for Cdc6 and MIB-1 proteins, and we used in situ hybridization to detect HPV DNA in a subset of cases. Results.—Cdc6 staining was exclusively nuclear and was present in both squamous and glandular epithelial cells of histologic sections. Cdc6 staining was rarely present in specimens of normal cervical squamous mucosa (2/84, 2.4%) or in specimens with squamous metaplasia (3/59, 5.1%) and was not detected in normal endocervical glands (0/84). Staining was present in most cases of CIN I (31/48, 65%). Staining was present in the majority of cases of CIN II (25/28, 89%) and in all cases of CIN III (36/36) and squamous cell carcinomas (34/34). The proportion of cells staining for Cdc6 increased with the grade of dysplasia, and the proportion of stained cells in squamous cell carcinomas was similar to that in lesions of high-grade dysplasia. Cdc6 staining was present in the majority of cases in glandular lesions including adenocarcinoma in situ (11/14, 79%) and adenocarcinoma (8/10, 80%). The histologic distribution of Cdc6-immunoreactive cells was similar to that of cells with a strong signal for HPV DNA, but Cdc6 protein and HPV DNA did not colocalize at the level of individual cells. Conclusion.—Cdc6 expression is a marker for high-grade cervical squamous and glandular dysplasia and carcinoma and is associated with HPV infection. The mechanistic basis of the association between HPV infection and Cdc6 immunopositivity remains to be determined but may represent either up-regulation of Cdc6 expression or stabilization of the Cdc6 protein.

scholarly journals High Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Madagascar: Comparison With Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863371775268
Author(s):  
Jérôme Bigoni ◽  
Rosa Catarino ◽  
Caroline Benski ◽  
Manuela Viviano ◽  
Maria Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background: In Madagascar, human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as syphilis share common risk factors but seem to differ in their prevalence. We measured and compared their prevalence in the country. Methods: The data used in this study came from the Saint Damien Health Centre in Ambanja, Madagascar. The tests used for disease detection were the Alere Determine, Virucheck, rapid plasma reagin, and S-DRY self-HPV samples for HIV infection, HBV infection, syphilis, and HPV infection, respectively. Results: In men and women, respectively, the prevalence was 0.6% and 0.4% for HIV infection, 2.2% and 2.0% for HBV infection, and 0.6% and 0.3% for syphilis. The HPV infection prevalence was 39.3%. Conclusions: Despite common risk factors, the prevalence of HPV infection was high, in contrast to a much lower prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the same geographical area. Further investigations are required to clarify the status of STIs in the Malagasy population.

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