scholarly journals Tekste, ko-tekste en kon-tekste van die leë graf in die Jesus-tradisie

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2/3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Van Aarde

Texts, co-texts, and con-texts of the empty tomb in the Jesus traditionAn investigation of texts, co-texts and con-texts of the empty tomb in the Jesus tradition provides a “situation-specific common background knowledge” (Auer, 1996:18-19) from which perspective this article is written. The article aims to argue that the myth behind the empty tomb in the Jesus tradition deploys a trajectory of five links. Its origin, the first of the five links, is to be found in the metaphorical use of the motif of recreation analogous to the foundational narrative in Israel’s historical memoirs of God’s “creatio ex nihilo”. The foundational narrative consists of a collective anthropological facet and an indivdual psychological facet. The anthropological facet is manifested in the memoir of the suppression of Israel as a downtrodden nation. The individual facet pertains to the martyred heroes in Israel’s history. In this article the five links of the trajectory are conceptualised in five chronological phases represented by specific textual evidence. They are, firstly, the descent of a corpse into the sheol; secondly, the objectifying of metaphorical language about the resurrection of the dead, which refers to either Israel as a “corporate personality” or individuals; thirdly, the Hellenisation of the resurrection belief pattern which existed in the Semitic, Eastern-Mediterranean world, in the light of the theology of apotheosis/divinisation and ideas about immortality and reincarnation; and fourthly, the empowerment of suffering righteous mortals when participating in the renewed life of resurrected/ascended divine heroes. The fifth phase pertains to the period when the other four phases reached an apogee and resurrection belief served as a kind of coping-healing. The article aims to argue that the hermeneutical significance of the empty tomb in the Jesus tradition is to be found in the third phase. The modes in terms of which Jesus’ empty tomb were interpreted by the first “Christ-followers” are to be found in phases four and five.

Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.


PMLA ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Morton Cronin

The women that Hawthorne created divide rather neatly into three groups. Such fragile creatures as Alice Pyncheon and Priscilla, who are easily dominated by other personalities, form one of these groups. Another is made up of bright, self-reliant, and wholesome girls, such as Ellen Langton, Phoebe, and Hilda. The third consists of women whose beauty, intellect, and strength of will raise them to heroic proportions and make them fit subjects for tragedy. Hester Prynne, Zenobia, and Miriam—these women are capable of tilting with the world and risking their souls on the outcome. With them in particular Hawthorne raises and answers the question of the proper status of women in society and the relation, whether subordinate or superior, that love should bear to the other demands that life makes upon the individual. With the other types Hawthorne fills out his response to that question.


Author(s):  
Luz Leyda Vega-Rosado

This chapter provides a framework that family business members can use to strategically and entrepreneurially evaluate themselves before they prepare the final strategic plan of the family firm. The tool consists of four phases. The first phase is the Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of the Individuals that are members of the family business. The second phase is the SWOT analysis of the Family's generational groups. Each generation in the family business will work in groups according to their year of birth. The third phase is the SWOT analysis of the Business. The fourth and most important phase is the integration called 3D IFB SWOT Analysis. It is 3D because it is three-dimensional, integrating the Individual, the Family's generations, and the Business.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143
Author(s):  
Ben McCann

In Guillaume Nicloux's 2015 film Valley of Love, two famous actors who used to be a couple, played by Isabelle Huppert and Gérard Depardieu, reunite after their son's recent suicide. They have received a posthumous letter from him, asking them to visit five places at Death Valley in California, after which, on a certain day, he will 'appear' to them. Valley of Love offers both a realist representation of two grieving parents and an incursion into the supernatural (has the son 'come back'? how will he 'appear' to his parents?).<br/> Valley of Love borrows from Colin Parkes's phase theory (1972, 1983) of how the bereaved return to feelings of safety and security as they resolve their grief. Parkes argues that the bereaved must progress through four overlapping phases of grief. In the first phase, individuals have difficulty grasping that the death has occurred. In the second phase, they seek out the deceased, trying to bring them back into close proximity to relieve their feelings of separation anxiety. In the third phase, the individual becomes confused, has trouble focusing, and becomes dejected. It is in the fourth phase that the individual realises that life can continue without the deceased and begins to rebuild life without them.<br/> This article will survey how grief and mourning are articulated and resolved in Valley of Love through close readings of the film and Parkes's writing on bereavement, grief and the phases of mourning. We shall also explore the film's various visual and aural manifestations of grief, and demonstrate how the Death Valley setting becomes an ideal site for the expression of mourning as the parents negotiate the pain and grief surrounding their child's death.


1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Adlercreutz ◽  
F. Martin ◽  
M. J. Tikkanen ◽  
M. Pulkkinen

ABSTRACT The excretion of twelve oestrogens in urine, pooled daily from a group of pregnant women, was determined before, during and after ampicillin administration (2 g/day, for 3 days). On the second day of ampicillin administration total oestrogen excretion fell to 67 % of the mean control value, oestriol excretion to 69% and that of the other eleven individual oestrogens to an average of 62 % of the mean control values. In general, on the third day of treatment and on the two post-treatment days this decrease tended to be corrected. The patterns of change in the urinary levels of the individual metabolites provided no clear lead to the basic mechanism of ampicillin impairment of oestrogen excretion. However, as the drug affected all their excretion in more or less the same way as it did that of oestriol, it is possible that ampicillin interferes primarily with their enterohepatic circulation in the mother as has been established with reasonable certainty in the case of oestriol.


1960 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Henry J. Cadbury

The historic Ingersoll lectureship on the Immortality of Man requires of the lecturer both some legitimate extension of its terms and some necessary limitation of his field. One is justified in supposing that the pious layman who planned the foundation was not thinking in highly technical terms, but like laymen of our day was thinking of a widely shared belief in the post mortem survival or revival of those who die. If he had wished to specify the indiscriminate persistence of the individual as a philosophical tenet of the nature of man, he could well have used the more familiar term — the immortality of the soul. On the other hand, if he had wished to be faithful to the wording of much of the Bible and to the Church's creeds, he would have spoken of the Resurrection of the Dead.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Farooq

Creation of a third magnetic pole between a pair of like poles has been detected. Reason of the creation of the third pole is very simple but effects and ultimate results of the third pole are unbelievably immense. The result of a simple experiment is the basis of this discovery. In the experiment, like poles of an iron core-solenoid and a permanent magnet have been interacted with each other. Unexpectedly, both repulsion and attraction were produced between the like poles (one after the other) instead of only repulsion.Not only scientists have never conducted this experiment but also their assumption about this matter is totally contrary to the experimental findings. Opinion of a qualified scientist about this matter: “The strength and direction of a magnetic field at any point is the vector sum of all the individual fields at that point, so the situation you describe is not possible as the field at any point will always be a single vector. So it is not possible for the unaligned domains to be attracted by the permanent magnet while other domains are repelled because the unaligned domains will be acted upon only by the net field.” There seems an irremovable contradiction between the experimental findings and the opinion of the scientist but the discovery of the third magnetic pole solves this problem sufficiently.


Author(s):  
Manon C. P. Ruijters ◽  
P. Robert-Jan Simons

This is a conceptual article in which we try to connect some of our previous publications into a coherent new model of learner identity. The first phase of our research concerns the research and theories about professional and work-related learning, followed by work on the learning landscape: a metaphor for organizational learning. The third phase looks at added learning preferences: five ways of work-related learning. Phase four introduces the concept of the learning professional, and phase five looks at research and theories about professional identity: what inalienably connects: who you are (person), the work you do (profession) and the context in which you shape it. In the discussion, we try to explain how the various models can be connected, differentiated and integrated. Professional identity is the basis for all the other approaches. In an integrated set of questions, we bring it all together, introducing the new concept of learner identity and focusing on consequences for facilitating a professional learning culture.


1903 ◽  
Vol 49 (206) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis C. Bruce

Following up my observations made upon the blood of patients suffering from acute continuous mania read before this Association at the autumn meeting, I have been able to observe three cases of acute continuous mania in adults which relapsed while in the asylum. The results of the first series of observations were that in every case of acute continuous mania there existed a leucocytosis which persisted after recovery indefinitely. I advanced the theory that this leucocytosis was a protective leucocytosis. In the three patients who relapsed the leucocytosis was found to have fallen to below 13,000 per c.mm. of blood, instead of being nearer 20,000 per c.mm. of blood, which is characteristic of the recovered cases of mania. The polymorphonuclear leucocytes averaged 60 per cent, in two of these patients, and 47 per cent, in the third. In one of these patients the attack passed off in two days, and the leucocytosis at once rose to 25,000 per c.mm. of blood. The other two patients passed into a definite second attack, and their leucocytes averaged 15,000 to 16,000 per c.mm. of blood, with a polymorphonuclear percentage of 60 or below 60. The fact that the leucocytosis fell in each patient at the commencement of the attack, and rose at once in the patient who recovered from the relapse, strengthens the hypothesis that acute continuous mania is an infective disorder, and that immunity from maniacal attacks rests upon the resistive power of the individual patient. This hypothesis receives further support from the fact that there exists in the blood of patients suffering from acute mania a specific agglutinin. During the month of November a patient suffering from acute mania was admitted to Murthly. The patient was so ill that I did not think she would live many days. I isolated from the blood a very small coccus, which was a pure growth, but, as the patient was exhausted, I regarded the organism as a terminal infection. The patient improved, however, and three weeks later I tested the agglutinative power of her serum upon this organism in a dilution of 1 in 30. Agglutination was complete in three hours, while the serum of a member of the staff in a dilution of 1 in 20 produced no action in twenty hours. Since then I have made fifty agglutination tests with this organism. Only ten of these cases, however, have been pure cases of continuous mania. Eight gave a decided definite agglutination, one was doubtful, and the tenth—one of the patients above noted, who relapsed—gave no reaction. No “control” serum ever gave a reaction, nor did the serum of these patients suffering from mania agglutinate other organisms. The agglutinin in the blood was therefore a specific agglutinin.


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh

The subject contemporary relevance of Nehru is unfolded into five sections. First section introduces the subject by contextualising Nehru’s ideas in the contemporary scenario. Nehruvian ideological system and its utility in the age of globalisation constitute the body of this article. His nationalism, socialism and world view are located and discussed in the second, third and fourth sections, respectively. Nehru’s idea of composite culture, contested by cultural nationalism from the one end and ethno-nationalism from the other end of spectrum comprises the second section. The third section discusses the conception, consolidation, retreat and revival of Nehruvian model of economic development in the light of Washington Consensus and Post-Washington Consensus. His idea of socialism and the mixed economy are debated in liberal, neoliberal and post-neoliberal scenario. His world view faced rough weather during the second and third phase of India’s foreign policy. The former was set in motion after his death, whereas the latter started taking shape in the Post-Soviet world, which has acquired the hegemonic overtones. Contemporary significance of Nehru’s world view in the hegemonic world is probed in the fourth section. The last section sums up the discussion in the form of concluding observations.


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