scholarly journals The potential impact of dietary supplement adulteration on patient assessment and treatment from a healthcare provider’s perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Gabriels ◽  
Mohamed Irhuma
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Perceived Intention

Dietary supplements have been manufactured and supplied to the market with the objective of enhancing the overall health of the general population and optimising the performance of athletes. The perceived intention of dietary supplementation is to increase the nutritional content of a normal diet, and to fill a dietary need and/or presumed deficiency. The usage and popularity of dietary supplements, however, raises concerns from a health benefit and risk perspective. Moreover, safety and efficacy of these supplements have generally not been established by the Medicines Regulatory Authorities, both nationally and internationally. The exponential increase in supplement sales can, however, be attributed to aggressive marketing by manufacturers, rather than the development of more effective nutritional supplements. These supplements may contain adulterated substances that may potentially have harmful short- and long-term health consequences for the patient. In addition, a large spectrum of drug interactions may render the use of such supplements risky, without proper medical and scientific assessment.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Vinpocetine in Dietary Supplements

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
John M. T. French ◽  
Matthew D. King ◽  
Owen M. McDougal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Nootropic Drugs ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Active Substances

Current United States regulatory policies allow for the addition of pharmacologically active substances in dietary supplements if derived from a botanical source. The inclusion of certain nootropic drugs, such as vinpocetine, in dietary supplements has recently come under scrutiny due to the lack of defined dosage parameters and yet unproven short- and long-term benefits and risks to human health. This study quantified the concentration of vinpocetine in several commercially available dietary supplements and found that a highly variable range of 0.6–5.1 mg/serving was present across the tested products, with most products providing no specification of vinpocetine concentrations.

Psychiatry and Paedophilia: A Major Public Health Issue

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Normal Men

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a brief review of current perspectives on paedophilia as well as some suggestions regarding the place of psychiatry in dealing with the problem. Method: A literature survey was conducted. Results: Child sexual abuse has unfortunately been ignored and minimised by psychiatry until recently. The current evidence strongly indicates that it is a common event which is highly likely to cause both short-and long-term harm to its victims. The perpetrators generally are psychiatrically otherwise “normal” men who are skilled at both planning their offending behaviours and denying their existence. Conclusions: Psychiatrists have an important role to play in assessment and treatment of both offenders and victims, although they may have to learn new clinical skills. Their preventative role is also important, particularly in the field of public education.

Focal Psychotherapy: Its Potential Impact on Psychotherapeutic Practice in Medicine

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Ornstein ◽  
Anna Ornstein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Practitioner Training ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A condensed illustration of a complete treatment process of “focal psychotherapy” is presented to contrast the specificity of this form of psychotherapy with nonspecific approaches. A two-year follow-up illustrates the meaning of specificity. The relationship of therapeutic results to the focal interventions is reflected in the patient's own views of his accomplishments in therapy. The theory and techniques of focal psychotherapy were originally worked out by Balint and his co-workers. The case example presented here is the basis of discussion showing how focal psychotherapy can help re-conceptualize and add precision to the theory, techniques and processes of both short- and long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Such increased precision in interventions and focal aims could help leaders and general practitioner training groups to better achieve their collaborative tasks.

scholarly journals Long-term Complications of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar D. Desai ◽  
Michael Lavelle ◽  
Brian C. Boursiquot ◽  
Elaine Wan
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Management Algorithms

SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread across the globe and infected hundreds of millions of people worldwide. As our experience with this virus continues to grow, our understanding of the both short and long-term complications of infection with SARS-CoV-2 continues to grow as well. Just as there is heterogeneity in the acute infectious phase, there is heterogeneity in the long-term complications seen following COVID-19 illness. The purpose of this review article is to present the current literature with regards to the epidemiology, pathophysiology and proposed management algorithms for the various long term sequalae that have been observed in each organ system following infection with SARS-CoV-2. We will also consider future directions, with regards to newer variants of the virus and their potential impact on the long-term complications observed.

Maternal perceptions of children: Qualitative differences among mothers of behaviour problem and nonproblem children

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Marita T. Brack ◽  
Deborah B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Behaviour Problem ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Maternal Responses ◽  
Childhood Adjustment

AbstractOppositional defiant and conduct disorder are two of the most common childhood adjustment problems. Given the serious short-and long-term implications of these disorders, much research has focused on the assessment and treatment of these behaviour problems. However, most of the large body of literature on these problems has relied upon maternal responses to either forced-choice questions or directed questioning, limiting the qualitative input that the parent may contribute.The present study investigated the qualitative perceptions that mothers held of their child, with and without problems. Significant differences were found between mothers of clinical and nonclinical children. Many of the results supported past quantitative research, but there are new insights into the tendency of clinical parents not only to make more negative and critical comments about their child but also to qualify any positive remarks they made about the child.

Changes in methane emission and rumen fermentation parameters induced by refaunation in sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Morgavi ◽  
J. -P. Jouany ◽  
C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Elimination of protozoa or defaunation is known to reduce methane emission by ruminants. However, the long-term efficacy of this practice is not well documented. In this work methane and other end products of fermentation were monitored in five adult, rumen-cannulated wethers that had been kept defaunated for two years (Def1) and successively refaunated (Fau, 12 weeks) and defaunated (Def2) during a 6-month-long experiment. Methane was measured for periods of 4 days at about 4-weekly intervals using the SF6 tracer technique, and rumen content samples were taken regularly throughout the experiment. Refaunation was performed by single administration of a mixed protozoal inoculum (103 cells). A noticeable protozoal population was observed at 12 days after inoculation, which was followed by an exponential increase that peaked at 12 ± 3 × 105 cells/mL rumen fluid at 4 weeks and decreased thereafter to 8 ± 4 × 105 cells/mL at the end of the 12-week Fau period. Production of methane, which was 33 ± 8 L/animal.day in Def1, increased (P < 0.05) up to 42 ± 5 L at the end of the Fau period and dropped back at the end of Def2 to 35 ± 7 L (Def1 v. Def2, P > 0.05). Even though protozoal numbers were comparable to conventional animals 20 days after inoculation, the increase in methane production was observed later, at 8 weeks, suggesting that protozoa are not the only microbial factor favouring methanogenesis and that the ecosystem needs a relatively long adaptation time following protozoal introduction to optimise this function. The presence of protozoa did not affect total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentration in the rumen but increased butyrate, while decreasing propionate concentration (Fau v. Def1, Def2, P < 0.05). These results show that the decrease in methane emissions induced by defaunation in sheep was stable for a period of up to 2 years. In the absence of protozoa, methane decreased by ~20% in both short- and long-term defaunated animals.

scholarly journals Parents under Lockdown: the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Biffi ◽  
Maria Benedetta Gambacorti-Passerini ◽  
Daniela Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Impact

This paper explores aspects of parenting during COVID-19 lockdown, analyzing the international literature and presenting a study conducted in Italy during the initial period of social isolation (March-May 2020). The pandemic has made childcare challenging for parents globally, compromising the well-being and mental health of caregivers themselves (Brooks et al., 2020), and creating a potentially highly vulnerable situation for children (Gromada, Richardson, Rees, 2020). The COVID-19 emergency and the restrictions it has entailed bear short- and long-term implications for families, including the potential impact of delaying implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations, 2015) and increased risk of children witnessing or experiencing violence and abuse (End Violence Against Children, 2020). Given this background, we investigated the family ecosystem, exploring both individual and parental factors in parents’ relationships with their children, during lockdown.

Elite Adolescent Athletes’ Use of Dietary Supplements: Characteristics, Opinions, and Sources of Supply and Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Ansgar Thiel ◽  
Stephan Zipfel ◽  
Jochen Mayer ◽  
Alexia Schnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Source Of Information

The authors’ aim was to examine the prevalence of (daily) dietary-supplement (DS) use among elite adolescent athletes and to differentiate use by different types of DS according to their function. Data were analyzed for associations between users of these DS types, sociodemographic, sport-specific characteristics, and opinion on the need for DS. In addition, sources of supply and information were examined. In the framework of the GOAL Study, 1,138 German elite adolescent athletes (14–18 yr) answered questions about DS. The data were analyzed to identify groups at risk for using DS after a classification by supplemental function. Of the young athletes, 91.1% reported DS use during the previous month. (Daily) DS use was significantly associated with sex, kind of sport, and the weekly duration of sporting activity. Furthermore, some athletes were required to use DS by their sporting organization. DS use was more likely in these athletes than in those whose sporting organizations had no such requirement. Overall, DS with short- and long-term supplemental function were mostly associated with the use of magnesium. However, DS with medium-term muscle-building function played an important role among daily users. The main source of information about DS was coaches; main source of supply was parents. Professional education is urgently needed, as 9 out of 10 athletes used DS, and strong positive opinions toward the use of DS were present, particularly in the DS users.

Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert ◽  
Mariéthoz ◽  
Pache ◽  
Bertin ◽  
Caulfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

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