scholarly journals Emerging Infections: Shewanella – A Series of Five Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 061-065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kanchan Sharma ◽  
Usha Kalawat
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Production ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT Background: Shewanella spp. are unusual cause of disease in humans; however, reports of Shewanella infections have been increasing. Shewanella is a ubiquitous organism that has been isolated from many foods, sewage, and both from fresh and salt water. Earlier it was named as Pseudomonas putrefaciens or Shewanella putrefaciens. There are several reports describing this organism causing human infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, bacteremia, wound infection, etc. It is oxidase and catalase-positive non-fermenter gram-negative rod that produces hydrogen sulfide. Aims: The study was conducted to identify Shewanella spp., which was wrongly reported as Pseudomonas spp. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were cultured as per standard clinical laboratory procedure. We tested the non-lactose-fermenting colonies for oxidase positivity. Oxidase-positive colony was inoculated in triple sugar iron slant (TSI) to know the hydrogen sulfide production. Hydrogen sulfide positive colonies were further tested for citrate, urease, indole, and amino acid decarboxylation and acid and gas production from sugars. Results: Five isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. during preliminary testing were proved to be Shewanella spp. on further testing. Conclusions: It will help in better understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors associated with these and prevention of the rare pathogenic organisms.

Improved XLT4 Agar: Small Addition of Peptone to Promote Stronger Production of Hydrogen-Sulfide by Salmonellae

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. MILLER ◽  
C. R. TATE ◽  
E. T. MALLINSON
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pork Sausage ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Production ◽  
Selective Plating ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

Xylose lysine tergitol4 agar (XLT4) is a highly selective plating medium used for isolating salmonellae. Studies have shown that XLT4 increases the recovery of salmonellae found in food, environmental and clinical samples. Further testing demonstrated that the addition of low concentrations of proteose peptone No. 3 (pp3) to XLT4 produced blacker Salmonella colonies in shorter incubation times (increased hydrogen sulfide production), while still maintaining strong inhibition of competing bacteria. The increased black colony formation facilitates prompt recognition of the weaker hydrogen sulfide-producing Salmonella strains. Test concentrations of pp3 at 0.5, 1.2 and 1.8 g/L were added to XLT4 and compared with plain XLT4 using pure bacterial cultures. In addition, these four plating media, plus xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (XLD) were evaluated using nonspiked chicken liver and pork sausage samples. The concentration of 1.2 g/L of pp3 in XLT4 gave the best overall results. In virtually all cases, the Salmonella colonies were larger and more black than on plain XLT4 without pp3. The improved XLT4 is recommended for more reliable detection of salmonellae from food, environmental and clinical samples.

Improved XLT4 Agar: Small Addition of Peptone to Promote Stronger Production of Hydrogen-Sulfide by Salmonellae

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. MILLER ◽  
C. R. TATE ◽  
E. T. MALLINSON
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pork Sausage ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Production ◽  
Selective Plating ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

Xylose lysine tergitol4 agar (XLT4) is a highly selective plating medium used for isolating salmonellae. Studies have shown that XLT4 increases the recovery of salmonellae found in food, environmental and clinical samples. Further testing demonstrated that the addition of low concentrations of proteose peptone No. 3 (pp3) to XLT4 produced blacker Salmonella colonies in shorter incubation times (increased hydrogen sulfide production), while still maintaining strong inhibition of competing bacteria. The increased black colony formation facilitates prompt recognition of the weaker hydrogen sulfide-producing Salmonella strains. Test concentrations of pp3 at 0.5, 1.2 and 1.8 g/L were added to XLT4 and compared with plain XLT4 using pure bacterial cultures. In addition, these four plating media, plus xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (XLD) were evaluated using nonspiked chicken liver and pork sausage samples. The concentration of 1.2 g/L of pp3 in XLT4 gave the best overall results. In virtually all cases, the Salmonella colonies were larger and more black than on plain XLT4 without pp3. The improved XLT4 is recommended for more reliable detection of salmonellae from food, environmental and clinical samples.

scholarly journals Correlation of nosocomial infection with prolonged hospital stay in Kano Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
B. Alkali ◽  
E. Agwu ◽  
F. Sarkinfada ◽  
A.M. Idris ◽  
S.B. Mada
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Nasal Intubation ◽  
Prolonged Hospital Stay ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

Nosocomial infections or Health Care prolonged hospital stay and has been implicated in increase in socio-economic disturbance, long term disability, and increased mortality rate. There is paucity information on the burden of HCAIs because of poorly developed surveillance systems and inexistent control methods. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection due to prolonged hospital stay in selected tertiary hospitals of Kano metropolis. Retrospective data  were collected from three hospitals with a total number of admitted patients and the number of prolonged hospital stays during the month of study. A total of 401 clinical samples collected from patients admitted for ≥14 days and the age of ≥18 years from all study sites. Examples include wound swabs, urine samples, urine catheters, and nasal intubation. All the samples were processed by the standard bacteriological laboratory procedure of the Clinical laboratory standard institute. The results showed that the percentage of prolonged hospital stay in Kano 40.34%, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) 50.54% with the least at Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist (MAWSH) 28.91%. Age served as significant factors for acquired HCAIs; participants aged were 41- 70 years have a higher prevalence of nosocomial infections. From 138 positive isolates observed, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) has height nosocomial infection of 41.4%, with the least Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) has 29%. Among the Site of infection, 34.8% isolates were wounds Swabs (SSIs), urine (UTI) 31.2%, an least was nasal intubation 11.6%. Among pathogens isolated E. coli is the most prominent organism with 26.1% and the least Streptococcus pyogenes (7.9%). This study showed that the prevalence of Prolong hospital stay in Kano was 40.34%, AKTH 39.53% and MAWSH 28.91%. The prevalence of nosocomial infection was 34.3%. Gram-negative  bacteria were the predominant isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of CTX-M ? lactamases among Gram negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Taslima Yasmin ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽  
Golam Mowla ◽  
Safia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
M 14

Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) produced by Gram negative bacteria are mainly mediated by three important genes, namely TEM, SHV and CTX-M. In this study, we used a multiplex PCR to determine the prevalence of CTX-M and its subgroups CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14, among the members of Enterobacteriaceae family and in Pseudomonas spp that were isolated from different clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 300 culture positive clinical isolates were selected for the study. Out of these, 216 from urine, 45 from wound swab, 39 from pus aspirates. The ESBL status was determined by double disc diffusion test (DDDT) as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute 2010 (CLSI) and by multiplex PCR for TEM, SHV and CTX-M, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14 genes. Out of 300 isolates tested, 71.3% were positive for ESBL production by DDDT. The rate of positivity for TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes in 107 randomely selected isolates was 83.2%. Among these, 56.2% (50/89) was positive for CTX-M. Among the CTX-M positive isolates, CTX-M-3 and CTX-M- 14 were 78.0% (39/50) and 80.0% (40/50) respectively. Our study demonstrated that CTX-M variants were common in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp prevalent in the hospital of Bangladesh.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 26-30

Electrochemical enzyme immunoassay for phenytoin by flow-injection analysis incorporating a redox coupling agent

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua T Tang ◽  
H BrIan Halsall ◽  
William R Heineman
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Using phenytoin as a model analyte, we demonstrate an electrochemical enzyme immunoassay based on flow-injection analysis and incorporating 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) as a redox coupling agent. DCIP reacts with NADH to form NAD+ and DCIPH2, the reduced form of the coupling agent. The production of DCIPH2 is monitored at +250 mV vs Ag/AgCl. This low applied potential improves selectivity in the biological matrix, differentiating against components that are oxidizable at the more-positive potentials required for direct electrochemical detection of NADH. The kinetics-based assay also eliminates other common interferences, mainly from ascorbic acid and glutathione. This system does not require precolumns or analytical columns for isolation of the NADH response. Good agreement with a routine clinical laboratory procedure for phenytoin is obtained for clinical samples (r = 0.95), illustrating the feasibility of such an approach.

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of New Variant of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)-Producing Escherichia coli with Multidrug Resistance Properties Carrying the mcr-1 Gene in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Guimin Gu ◽  
Min Yue
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Human Infections

Colistin is considered to be a ‘last-resort’ antimicrobial for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, carrying the transferable colistin resistance gene mcr-1, has recently provoked a global health concern. This report presents the first detection of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Escherichia coli variant isolated from a human in China, with multidrug resistance (MDR) properties, including colistin resistance by the mcr-1 gene, which could have great implications for the treatment of human infections.

scholarly journals Influence of pH of TSI medium on the detection of hydrogen sulfide production by Campylobacter hyointestinalis

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ma ◽  
T. Amano ◽  
M. Enokimoto ◽  
T. Yano ◽  
K.K. Moe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Production ◽  
Influence Of Ph
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