Changing of family size and some sociodemographic-related factors in rural areas in the north of iran: Results of two cross-sectional studies from 2004 to 2013

Background: Aging is a natural and physiological process. Moreover, balance disorders frequently occur in the elderly and cause many morbidities in this population. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate balance disorders and their related factors in the healthy elderly population of the rural areas of Guilan province, in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 425 individuals over 65 years old were selected by random cluster sampling method from the villages of Rasht, the capital city of Guilan province. After obtaining written consent, the subjects were examined for balance disturbance through gait and balance adjusted scale (GABS) index. The obtained results were reported as frequency. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test and non-parametric regression analysis for non-normally distributed dependent variables. The obtained data were analyzed in software version 18. Results: The Mean±SD score of GABS was 10.07±8.00 [median (IQR):7(10.5)]. A total of 425 individuals were selected, but 413 completed the research (218 males and 195 females). In total, 73.1% of the subjects reported at least one disorder among the investigated parameters, and 45.2% mentioned a disorder in at least one of the studied parameters in medical history. By modified GABS; 42.2% of the subjects reported disorders in at least one of the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Nearly half of the elderly population in the rural areas of the north of Iran suffer from balance disorder. This data was obtained by their medical history and physical examinations.

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Age of first pregnancy in Brazil: data from the national health survey

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.v29.9523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 304-312

Author(s):

Fábia Cheyenne Gomes de Morais Fernandes ◽

Emelynne Gabrielly De Oliveira Santos ◽

Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Northern Region ◽

Fundamental Aspect ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: The fertility pattern of Brazilian population has changed considerably in the last decades. Socioeconomic and cultural inequalities can influence the age of the first gestation, and the identification of these inequalities is a fundamental aspect of the monitoring and evaluation of women's health care policies. Objective: To analyze the age of women in their first gestation and the related factors in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey 2013, analyzing women aged 18 to 49 years and their age in the first gestation, categorized by sociodemographic variables. Results: The North Region presented the highest percentage of pregnancy for the stratum of 10 to 14 years. The first pregnancy at the age of 15 to 19 years had the highest percentages for all regions, with a significant difference between the North and Southeast. The Southeast region obtained the highest percentage of the first pregnancy at the age of 30 to 39 years. The first pregnancy at the age of 15 to 19 years was significantly higher among the separated women; without instruction; and who live in rural areas. The first pregnancy of 10 to 14 was associated with the highest number of births that women will have throughout their lives, with a higher prevalence of 5 to 9 births. Conclusions: In Brazil, a large proportion of first pregnancies still occur in adolescence. The states of the northern region stand out with lower average ages in the first pregnancy, and this event is related to the worst socioeconomic conditions.

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Temporal changes in the prevalence of childhood asthma and allergies in urban and rural areas of Cyprus: results from two cross sectional studies

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-11-858 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ourania Kolokotroni ◽

Nicos Middleton ◽

Nicolas Nicolaou ◽

Spyros Pipis ◽

Kostas N Priftis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Epilepsy-associated levels of perceived stigma, their associations with treatment, and related factors: A cross-sectional study in urban and rural areas in Ecuador

Epilepsy & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.12.026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jaime Luna ◽

Mandy Nizard ◽

Danielle Becker ◽

Daniel Gerard ◽

Alejandro Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Perceived Stigma ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants in the Middle-aged and Elderly Population in A Southern Coastal Region, Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): A Cross-sectional Study

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.116838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Ghazal Zoghi ◽

Azim Nejatizadeh ◽

Mehdi Shahmoradi ◽

Zahra Ghaemmaghami ◽

Masoumeh Kheirandish

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs ◽

The Government

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria are different but interconnected cardiovascular risk factors, including dysglycemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS, its components, and related factors in the south coastal area of Iran, Bandare-Kong non-communicable diseases (BKNCD). Methods: This population-based study was performed on the baseline data from participants of BKNCD, which has recruited participants from Bandare Kong city, one of the 18 distinct geographical areas included in the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (Persian). MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria and the Iranian-specific cut-off for waist circumference (≥ 95 cm). The socioeconomic status (SES) was estimated by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) based on participants’ different properties. Results: Of 3,927 participants included in this study, 2,230 (56.8%) were female. Age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 34.5%. The most common MetS component was central obesity (45.1%), followed by decreased high-density lipoprotein (42.6%), elevated fasting plasma glucose (39.9%), elevated triglyceride (37.7%), and increased blood pressure (37.5%). Besides, 84.7% of the subjects displayed at least one component of MetS. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that women aged 65 - 70 years were at higher risk of having MetS compared to those aged 35 - 39 years (aOR = 12.37, 95% CI 7.54 - 20.30, P < 0.001). Also, living in rural areas was a risk for MetS in women (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.18 - 2.03, P = 0.002). Employment and education were protective against MetS in women. Being overweight significantly increased the risk of MetS in both men and women. Obesity was more problematic for men (aOR = 16.66, 95% CI 11.65 - 23.81, P < 0.001) compared to women (aOR = 10.43, 95% CI 7.82 - 13.90, P < 0.001). Marital status, education, smoking status, and SES did not significantly predict MetS in men. Conclusions: A high prevalence of MetS was observed in this study, emphasizing central obesity, high TG, and low HDL. This calls on the government authorities to establish screening programs to identify individuals with a lower number of abnormal MetS components to prevent them from developing MetS and the resultant cardiovascular complications.

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Identification of People at Risk of Developing Chronic Kidney Disease among Rural Disadvantageous Population in Bangladesh

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2020/v12i230204 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Tanjina Rahman ◽

Akibul Islam Chowdhury ◽

Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽

Harun Ur- Rashid ◽

Shakib Arefin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

At Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dipstick Test ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Management

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global disease and the prevalence of CKD is increasing in both developed and developing countries. The current study aimed to assess subjects in the rural areas of Sylhet district in Bangladesh to identify individuals who may be predisposed to at risk for developing CKD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 996 subjects from Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Data were collected by using a standard questionnaire from 82 villages. Data about socio-demographic, medical history and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were collected. Urine dipstick test was done for both albumin and glucose. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA-test were performed for statistical analysis. Results: The study revealed that people living in rural areas of Sylhet in Bangladesh are at risk of developing CKD and the hidden cause behind it includes not only diabetes and hypertension, but also other lifestyle related factors. Younger participants were found to be at less risk compared to older participants for developing CKD. From urinary dipstick test, 2% and 3.3% subjects had severe traces of albumin and glucose in their urine. Approximately 16% of subjects had hypertension. From the data of 99 out of 996 subjects for urine albumin dipstick test, 98 respondents were identified as stage I CKD patients and only one was identified as stage II CKD patients. Conclusion: As dialysis and transplants are unsustainable in the long term, it is important to seek preventive strategies when patients are in pre-dialysis state and identify and manage those at high risk. Nutrition and life-style choices can play key roles to achieve this. So, urgent low-cost programs are needed to identify people who are at risk of CKD as well as address their current medical condition to initiate early management of CKD patients.

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Mental Distress in Rural Areas of Indonesia

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing ◽

10.14710/nmjn.v10i1.23244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azam David Saifullah ◽

Nur Latifah ◽

Eria Riski Artanti ◽

Kadek Dewi Cahyani ◽

Umi Rahayu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Mental Distress ◽

National Level ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Elderly Male ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: There is a higher prevalence of mental distress in rural areas compared to urban areas in Indonesia. The rural areas of Indonesia have various socio-demographic and sophisticated cultural characteristics, but less exposed to foreign cultures. Thus, the study about the prevalence, associated factors, and predictors of mental distress in rural areas is necessary.Purpose: This study aimed to identify the population's status and related factors of mental distress in rural areas in Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the aims of the study. An Indonesian version of the Self-Rated Questionnaire, consisting of 20 items, was used to measure mental distress status of population in rural areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A number of 872 records were included and analyzed using both univariate and bivariate analyses in this study.Results: The prevalence of mental distress in this population was 6%. The correlated factors of mental distress were age (χ2=6.93, p=0.01), gender (χ2=0.07, p=0.03), occupation (χ2=0.26, p=0.02), housing dimension (χ2=5.45, p=0.02), and illness status (χ2=0.01, p<0.01).Conclusion: The prevalence of mental distress in rural areas of Indonesia is relatively lower than that of the national level. Future mental health programs may be focused on improving mental health on the elderly, male, vulnerable workers, overcrowded housing, and people who got a chronic illness.

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In vitro activity of colistin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates harboring blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like genes: A multicenter based study

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/030.2020.01031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 182-186

Author(s):

Susan Khanjani ◽

Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie ◽

Mohammad Shenagari ◽

Ali Ashraf ◽

Ali Mojtahedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The North ◽

North Of Iran

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate occurrence of antibiotic resistance and the presence of resistance determinants among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. This cross-sectional study from January to September 2018 was performed on 59 A. baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples in the north of Iran. Isolates were identified by standard microbiologic tests and molecular method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The presence of carbapenem resistance genes was detected by PCR method. All isolates were resistant to cefepime, meropenem, imipenem and ceftazidime. The lowest resistance rate was observed against doxycycline with 33.9%. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results showed that all carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) isolates were susceptible to colistin with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 1/2 µg/mL. Among 59 CRAB, blaOXA-23-like was the most prevalent gene (86.4%) followed by blaOXA-24-like (69.5%). Meanwhile, none of the clinical isolates harbored blaOXA-58-like gene. We found a high prevalence of CRAB strains harboring OXA-type carbapenemases in the north of Iran. Our results suggests that the presence of OXA-type genes was not directly correlated with the increase of imipenem MIC level, but can be clinically important as they contribute to the selection of CRAB strains.

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Cesarean delivery in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors―a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e027273 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emmanuel O Adewuyi ◽

Asa Auta ◽

Vishnu Khanal ◽

Samson J Tapshak ◽

Yun Zhao

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Caesarean Delivery ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Objective ◽

Factors Associated ◽

North East ◽

The North

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and factors associated with caesarean delivery in Nigeria.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the nationally representative 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. We carried out frequency tabulation, χ2test, simple logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to achieve the study objective.SettingNigeria.ParticipantsA total of 31 171 most recent live deliveries for women aged 15–49 years (mother–child pair) in the 5 years preceding the 2013 NDHS was included in this study.Outcome measureCaesarean mode of delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of caesarean section (CS) was 2.1% (95% CI 1.8 to 2.3) in Nigeria. At the region level, the South-West had the highest prevalence of 4.7%. Factors associated with increased odds of CS were urban residence (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97), maternal age ≥35 years (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.11), large birth size (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.74) and multiple births (AOR: 4.96, 95% CI 2.84 to 8.62). Greater odds of CS were equally associated with maternal obesity (AOR: 3.16, 95% CI 2.30 to 4.32), Christianity (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.68), birth order of one (AOR: 3.86, 95% CI 2.66 to 5.56), husband’s secondary/higher education level (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.33), health insurance coverage (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.95) and ≥4 antenatal visits (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CS was low, indicating unmet needs in the use of caesarean delivery in Nigeria. Rural–urban, regional and socioeconomic differences were observed, suggesting inequitable access to the obstetric surgery. Intervention efforts need to prioritise women living in rural areas, the North-East and the North-West regions, as well as women of the Islamic faith.

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Urban–rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 25–74 year-old adults of the Yangon Region, Myanmar: two cross-sectional studies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e020406 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wai Phyo Aung ◽

Aung Soe Htet ◽

Espen Bjertness ◽

Hein Stigum ◽

Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Who Steps Methodology ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Educational Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between urban–rural location and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Yangon Region, and to estimate the proportion of urban and rural participants already diagnosed with DM, and of those, the proportion under treatment and under control.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies, using the WHO STEPs methodology.SettingThe Yangon Region of Myanmar, urban and rural areas.ParticipantsMen and women, aged 25–74 years, included during the study period from September–November 2013 (urban) and 2014 (rural areas) (n=1372). Institutionalised people, physically and mentally ill person, monks and nuns were excluded.ResultsThe age-standardised prevalence of DM was 12.1% in urban and 7.1% in rural areas (p=0.039). In urban areas, the prevalence of DM was lowest in the highest educational groups (p<0.001). There were no differences in DM prevalence between gender or income levels. In rural areas, those who were physically inactive had a low intake of fruit and vegetable and were overweight/obese had a higher DM prevalence than others. In a logistic regression, the OR for DM in rural compared with urban areas was 0.38 (0.22, 0.65), adjusted for sociodemographic variables and behavioural risk factors. In urban areas, 43.1% of participants had the experience of receiving blood glucose measurements by a doctor or health worker, and 61.5% of all cases of DM were already diagnosed, 78.7% were under treatment and 45.8% were under control. The corresponding proportions in rural areas were 26.4%, 52.4%, 78.1% and 32.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of DM in the Yangon Region was high, and significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. More health services are needed to serve this population with a large proportion of undiagnosed diabetes. Preventive measures to halt and reduce the prevalence of DM are urgently needed.

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