scholarly journals Dentition status and treatment needs of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients on anti retro viral therapy in Raichur taluk, Karnataka, India: A cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikanth Muralidharan ◽  
Arunkumar Acharya ◽  
Shanthi Margabandhu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Convenience Sampling

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the study was to assess the dentition status and the treatment needs of the HIV-positive patients on ART for more than a year in Raichur, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling was followed. The sample size was 170. The dentition status and treatment needs of the patients were recorded as per the WHO guidelines. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 79.4%. Males had higher percentage of dental caries than the females, and this was found to be statistically significant. The prevalence of dental caries was higher among the participants who used finger to clean their teeth compared to the toothbrush, neem stick, and charcoal users, and this was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of dental caries was observed among the study population. Most of them required some type of treatment. Patients with a low CD4 count required higher treatments than the others.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Inmates in District Jail of Mathura City – A Cross Sectional Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gupta ◽  
K Dhanker ◽  
NA Ingle ◽  
N Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of inmates of, District Jail Mathura. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out on the inmates (N=870) in the district jail of Mathura. Proforma related to general demographic information was filled by the examiner and the subjects were clinically examined using WHO 1997 “Oral Health Assessment Form RESULTS This study revealed that 92.5% of the inmates were male. 53.8% never visited the dentist & 87% never received any type of dental care during imprisonment. Prevalence of pro-mucosal lesion was 59.8%. Inmates had poor periodontal conditions and 79% inmates had dental caries with mean DMFT of 4.79. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease, mucosal lesions and dental caries are major public health problem among the inmates, which require special attention and efforts from government and other organizations to meet their treatment needs.

scholarly journals HIV and HBV Coinfections in the Highly HIV-infected Population of Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tochi I. Cookey ◽  
Iheanyi O. Okonko ◽  
Nnenna Frank-Peterside
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Low Rate

Background: In Nigeria, hepatitis co-infection with HIV is linked with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the rate of HIV/HBV coinfection among the highly HIV-infected people in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), in Rivers State, Nigeria, from February 2017 to September 2019. Methods: A total of 226 HIV-positive people, 105 men and 121 women, were recruited for this study. ELISA was used to screen these participants for the presence of HIV and HBsAg, and this was done following the guidelines stipulated by the manufacturer. The demographic characteristics of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire designed for the study. Results: Seven people tested positive for HIV/HBV, resulting in a 3.1 % overall prevalence. No significant association was found to exist between HIV/HBV coinfection and the characteristics of the study population. Conclusion: A low seroprevalence was observed for HIV/HBV infection, in spite of Nigeria being endemic for HBV. Despite this low rate of HIV/HBV coinfection, routine screening for HBV markers should be carried out to reduce morbidity and mortality in this group.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression among Individuals who are Confined to their Homes due to Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Sheena Shamoon ◽  
Khushbakht Ms. ◽  
Saleha Ahmed Khan ◽  
Maheen Sajid ◽  
Syeda Rija Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Aims/objectives: Coronavirus pandemic has been declared a health emergency worldwide. Millions of people have been affected by it. The objective of this study was to assess anxiety and depression among people who are confined to their homes due to the covid-19 pandemic so that measures can be taken to reduce the frequency and effects of psychological distress during mass lockdowns in the future.Materials and methods: The study population consisted of educated adults of Rawalpindi and Islamabad who have been under strict lockdown. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Informed consent was taken. Data were collected via a questionnaire based on the HADS scale. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 was used.Results: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 615 individuals, out of which 15 did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority were females (80.2%). The average age was 22.6 years. 37.5% were found to have anxiety, whereas 21% had depression. Borderline cases of anxiety and depression were 27.5% and 28.3%, respectively. The frequency of anxiety and depression was found to be higher in females than males, 39.5% vs 29.4%, and 22.4% vs 11.5% respectively. The correlation of HADS scores with other demographic parameters was studied, but no significant relationship was found.Conclusions: The study reveals a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among individuals during lockdowns. The development of a comprehensive educational and emotional support system is required for the improvement of the mental health of individuals.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Pregnancy: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of prevalence, maternal, obstetrical and neonatal outcome, at a tertiary care hospital in the Sultanate of Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Al Hasani ◽  
Tamima Al Dughaishi ◽  
Abdullah A. Balkhair
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnant women, and the maternal, obstetrical and neonatal outcome over a thirteen year period (2005-2017) at the Sultan Qaboos University hospital, a tertiary hospital in Muscat, Oman. Methods: Our study design was a retrospective descriptive cross sectional study of HIV positive women in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. We had an unlimited sample size due to the rarity of the disease and aimed to include all pregnant Omani women who tested positive for HIV in their antenatal screening (ANS) during the period 1 st of January 2005 to 31 st December 2017 with the exclusion of non-Omanis. Ethical approval was obtained from hospital ethics committee and patient records were reviewed using the hospital information system (HIS) service. Results: There were a total of 13,688 women with 104,281 pregnancies over the study period. The prevalence of Omani pregnant women with HIV was 0.1% (1:1000) with 0.03% of seropositive pregnancies (3:10,000). Of these seropositive pregnancies, 78.6% were known HIV carriers, whilst 21.4% were newly diagnosed cases. The live birth rate was 90.3% with 9.7% ending up in miscarriage. All the miscarriages were to known HIV positive mothers who were managed in accordance to international guidelines. Of the livebirths, 10.7% were unknown HIV positive mothers with a mean gestational age of 39.67 weeks and a mean birth weight of 3.21kg. The rate of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in this group was 33.3%. In contrast, 89.3% of the livebirths to known HIV positive mothers had delivered neonates with a mean gestational age was 37.48 weeks and a mean birth weight of 2.63kg with 0% MTCT. Modes of delivery, antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications as well as long-term neonatal outcomes were analysed according to the status of the mother at first presentation. Conclusion: Strategies have been placed by programmes in the Sultanate to focus on pregnant women wellbeing and protection of newborns against HIV infection. Strict implementations on preventing mother to child transmission (MTCT) allowed preventing HIV in children possible. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly reduces vertical transmission of HIV, in addition to abstinence of breastfeeding. More importantly, all HIV-positive pregnant women should follow the prevention of MTCT programs set out by the ministry of health.

scholarly journals A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICES AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG KASHMIRI URBAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad Mir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Dental Conditions

 Objectives: Self-medication has been adopted worldwide. It is voluntarily chosen by the consumers as it has social and economical benefits. For self-medication to be successful, adherence is an important factor. Adherence to medications is associated with improved clinical outcomes and reduced morbidity and mortality. The objectives of the present study are to assess the prevalence, pattern, and adherence of urban population of Kashmir to self-medication.Methods: A total of 200 participants were included in this questionnaire-based study by convenience sampling. Informed written consent was taken from each participant in this study. Consenting participants anonymously completed the questionnaire. Only 176 returned the completed questionnaire, 18 participants denied any self-medication practice and their data were not further analyzed. Data of 158 participants were analyzed by manual calculators, VassarStats, and SPSS (V20). Results are expressed in frequencies and percentages.Results: The study population consisted of 65.18% males 94.12% were literate 84.57% self-medicated for fever and respiratory symptoms, 3.79% for skin-related symptoms, 5.06% for urinary symptoms, 4.43% for oro dental conditions, and 5.69% for gastrointestinal symptoms. 89.87% purchased the drugs from the pharmacy, and 10.12% used leftover drugs. Only 26.58% used the drugs until apparent full recovery. 51.28% stopped the drugs as soon as symptoms disappeared. 12.65% stopped the drugs after few days. 6.32% had a mixed behavior. 25.31% consulted pharmacist for advice, 10.75% received advice from family and friends, and 43.03% collected information from internet, print, and electronic media.Conclusion: Self-Medication is practiced worldwide. It has many advantages to benefit from the practice, adherence is an essential factor. Poor adherence may make it less useful and even a harmful practice.

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