scholarly journals A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICES AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG KASHMIRI URBAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad Mir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Dental Conditions

 Objectives: Self-medication has been adopted worldwide. It is voluntarily chosen by the consumers as it has social and economical benefits. For self-medication to be successful, adherence is an important factor. Adherence to medications is associated with improved clinical outcomes and reduced morbidity and mortality. The objectives of the present study are to assess the prevalence, pattern, and adherence of urban population of Kashmir to self-medication.Methods: A total of 200 participants were included in this questionnaire-based study by convenience sampling. Informed written consent was taken from each participant in this study. Consenting participants anonymously completed the questionnaire. Only 176 returned the completed questionnaire, 18 participants denied any self-medication practice and their data were not further analyzed. Data of 158 participants were analyzed by manual calculators, VassarStats, and SPSS (V20). Results are expressed in frequencies and percentages.Results: The study population consisted of 65.18% males 94.12% were literate 84.57% self-medicated for fever and respiratory symptoms, 3.79% for skin-related symptoms, 5.06% for urinary symptoms, 4.43% for oro dental conditions, and 5.69% for gastrointestinal symptoms. 89.87% purchased the drugs from the pharmacy, and 10.12% used leftover drugs. Only 26.58% used the drugs until apparent full recovery. 51.28% stopped the drugs as soon as symptoms disappeared. 12.65% stopped the drugs after few days. 6.32% had a mixed behavior. 25.31% consulted pharmacist for advice, 10.75% received advice from family and friends, and 43.03% collected information from internet, print, and electronic media.Conclusion: Self-Medication is practiced worldwide. It has many advantages to benefit from the practice, adherence is an essential factor. Poor adherence may make it less useful and even a harmful practice.

scholarly journals Dentition status and treatment needs of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients on anti retro viral therapy in Raichur taluk, Karnataka, India: A cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikanth Muralidharan ◽  
Arunkumar Acharya ◽  
Shanthi Margabandhu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Convenience Sampling

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the study was to assess the dentition status and the treatment needs of the HIV-positive patients on ART for more than a year in Raichur, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling was followed. The sample size was 170. The dentition status and treatment needs of the patients were recorded as per the WHO guidelines. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 79.4%. Males had higher percentage of dental caries than the females, and this was found to be statistically significant. The prevalence of dental caries was higher among the participants who used finger to clean their teeth compared to the toothbrush, neem stick, and charcoal users, and this was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of dental caries was observed among the study population. Most of them required some type of treatment. Patients with a low CD4 count required higher treatments than the others.

Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmoneim I Awad ◽  
Idris B Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Study Population

Background: In many developing countries, up to 60–80% of health problems are self-medicated. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, using a pretested questionnaire on a sample of 1300 students selected from 5 universities in Khartoum State, Sudan. Results: Eight hundred ninety-one (79.5%; 95% CI 77.0 to 81.8) students from the study population had used antibiotics or antimalarials without a prescription within 1–2 months prior to the study. Four hundred ninety (55%; 95% CI 51.7 to 58.3) of the respondents stated that they had used antibiotics, 39 (4.4%; 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) had used antimalarials, and 362 (40.6%; 95% CI 37.4 to 43.9) had used both. Overall, self-medication with antibiotics or antimalarials was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older compared with those 20 years of age or younger (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.09; p = 0.004) and among students attending private universities compared with those attending public universities (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.95; p = 0.028). Self-medication with antibiotics followed a simitar pattern, which was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81; p = 0.03) and private university respondents (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.02; p = 0.003). Self-medication with antimalarials was found to be significantly less common among females (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; p = 0.028) and higher among the 21 years or older age group (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.40; p < 0.001), The most common reason indicated for self-medication was the respondents’ previous experiences with similar ailments. The main source of drugs was community pharmacies. Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics/antimalarials among undergraduate university students in Khartoum State is high. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics/antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression among Individuals who are Confined to their Homes due to Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Sheena Shamoon ◽  
Khushbakht Ms. ◽  
Saleha Ahmed Khan ◽  
Maheen Sajid ◽  
Syeda Rija Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Aims/objectives: Coronavirus pandemic has been declared a health emergency worldwide. Millions of people have been affected by it. The objective of this study was to assess anxiety and depression among people who are confined to their homes due to the covid-19 pandemic so that measures can be taken to reduce the frequency and effects of psychological distress during mass lockdowns in the future.Materials and methods: The study population consisted of educated adults of Rawalpindi and Islamabad who have been under strict lockdown. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Informed consent was taken. Data were collected via a questionnaire based on the HADS scale. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 was used.Results: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 615 individuals, out of which 15 did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority were females (80.2%). The average age was 22.6 years. 37.5% were found to have anxiety, whereas 21% had depression. Borderline cases of anxiety and depression were 27.5% and 28.3%, respectively. The frequency of anxiety and depression was found to be higher in females than males, 39.5% vs 29.4%, and 22.4% vs 11.5% respectively. The correlation of HADS scores with other demographic parameters was studied, but no significant relationship was found.Conclusions: The study reveals a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among individuals during lockdowns. The development of a comprehensive educational and emotional support system is required for the improvement of the mental health of individuals.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF CHANGES IN BOWEL HABITS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Mello DEL GRANDE ◽  
Luis Fernando Paes LEME ◽  
Francisco Pimenta MARQUES ◽  
Andressa Teruya RAMOS ◽  
Paula Teruya RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of cholecystolithiasis is approximately 15% of the population. It is believed that between 30-40% of cholecystectomy patients have symptoms after surgery, being changes in bowel habits the most common among them. Aim: 1) Defining the prevalence, and 2) identifying predictors of changes in bowel habits after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with an initial sample of 150 patients diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis operated between July and September 2014. Patients were submitted to a questionnaire about the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in stools consistency before and after the surgical procedure. They were divided into two groups (with or without changes in bowel habits) being combined with the following variables: high blood pressure, body mass index, hypothyroidism, adherence to postoperative dietary orientations, previous abdominal and bariatric surgery. Results: The prevalence of changes in bowel habits in the study population was 35.1%. The association between it and gastrointestinal symptoms was demonstrated to be statistically significant (‰2=7.981; p=0.005), and people who did not have gastrointestinal symptoms had 2.34 times the odds of not presenting changes in bowel habits. None of the other investigated factors had shown to be a predictor of risk for post-cholecystectomy changes in bowel habits. Conclusion: 1) There was a high prevalence of changes in bowel habits, and 2) there was association between changes in bowel habits and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms.

scholarly journals The use of analgesics and risk of self-medication in an urban population sample: cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Antonio Moreira de Barros ◽  
Marco A. Marchetti Calonego ◽  
Rannier F. Mendes ◽  
Raphael A.M. Castro ◽  
João F.G. Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Self-medication Practices among the Peri-urban Households of Two Communities of Dharan Sub-metropolitan city of Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (228) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumud Chapagain ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniyar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Self-medication practice is the use of medication without prescription of health care professionals. Drug resistance, drug side effects, wastage of resources, and serious health hazards including death are associated with self-medication. We conducted this study to find out the prevalence of self- medication among the peri-urban population of two randomly selected communities of Dharan, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among people residing in two randomly selected wards of peri-urban areas of Dharan from November 2017 and April 2018 after obtaining ethical clearance (IRC/1030/017). A pretested, structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were collected and entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5; point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 426 respondents, the overall prevalence of self-medication was 312 (73.23%) at 95% Confidence Interval (67.83-78.63%). It was more common among female 158 (78.60%). Common symptoms were headache 201 (64.42%), fever 135 (43.26%), gastrointestinal 93 (29.8%) and respiratory illness 87 (27.88%). Analgesics and antipyretics 275 (88.14%) were the most common drugs self- medicated with. Seeking opinion from pharmacist 112 (35.89%) was the commonest method adopted to procure drugs and comfort 127 (40.7%) and time constraints 122 (39.1%) were the commonest reasons. Conclusions: Prevalence of self-medication among the peri-urban population was similar to other studies. Headache and fever was the common symptoms for which self-medication were adopted. Awareness regarding potential dangers of self-medication and different drug side effects are recommended at the community level.

scholarly journals Cow’s milk exposure and atopic dermatitis after six months of age

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Surya Jayanti Kadek ◽  
Dewi Kumara Wati Ketut ◽  
Karyana Putu Gede
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Study Population

Background About 60% of individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) develop their first manifestation during infancy. Cow’s milk (CM) exposure is considered to be a risk factor for AD.Objective To evaluate for an association between cow’s milk exposure and atopic dermatitis in infants > 6 months of age.  Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of subjects from a previous study and new subjects recruited in order to meet the minimum required number of subjects. Our study population comprised 120 infants, born between 1 February and 30 November, 2012 in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Subjects were divided into CM and non-CM groups and analyzed for their risk of AD. Subjects were included to CM group if they were fed with cow’s milk/formula  and included to non-CM group if they were breastfeed exclusively in the first six months of life. Other possible risk factors were assessed by multivariate analysis. Results One hundred twenty subjects were enrolled and analyzed (59 in the CM and 61 in the non-CM groups). The prevalence of AD was 30%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between CM exposure and AD, with odds ratio (OR) 2.37 (95%CI 1.036 to 5.420; P=0.04). In addition, maternal diet including eggs and/or cow’s milk during the breastfeeding period was significantly associated with AD in infants (OR 3.18; 95%CI 1.073 to 9.427; P=0.04).Conclusion Cow’s milk exposure is significantly associated with atopic dermatitis in infants  > six months of age. 

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