Detailed understanding of different extraction methods for the research on medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
BrindaSuhas Godhi ◽  
Sushma Rudraswamy ◽  
HommergallyPuttabuddi Jai Shankar ◽  
Mruthunjaya Kenganora ◽  
MN Sumana
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Detailed Understanding

scholarly journals Sun protection factor, total phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443-1448
Author(s):  
Zahra Hashemi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Masoumeh Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Sun Protection Factor

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the content of phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant activity. Methods: Different parts of 9 medicinal plants were extracted with methanol using three extraction methods (percolation, Soxhlet and ultrasonically assisted extraction) to obtain 42 crude extracts. Their phenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride method and DPPH radical-scavenging activity, respectively. The SPF values were determined and correlated with the phenol and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities. Results: The phenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities ranged from 54.16-688.97mg GAE/g, 13.38-146.60 mg QE/g and 9.5-1472.4 µg/mL, respectively while the SPFs were between 0.067 and 0.841. The highest SPF was related to Cucumis melo L. ultrasonically assisted leaf extract (0.841) and Artemisia absinthium L., aerial parts extracted with percolation method (0.717). A significant correlation was found between SPF and phenolic (p= 0.003) and flavonoid contents (p= 0.023). Conclusion: This study showed a correlation between SPF and phenolic and flavonoid contents. Ultrasonically assisted extract of C. melo leaf has suitable SPF and can be used in sun screen formulations.

scholarly journals The vasodilatory effects of medicinal herbs on the cardiovascular system: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Nasrollah Moradifar ◽  
Ali Asghar Kiani ◽  
Navid Bakhtiari ◽  
Morteza Amraei ◽  
Arash Amin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Herbal Remedies

Vasodilators are drugs that induce or start the widening of blood vessels and are commonly applied to treat disorders with irregularly high blood pressure, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, and angina. The present study aims to systematically review the studies on the vasodilation effects of medicinal herbs. The study was done according to the 06- Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Various English databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, were used to find publications about the vasodilation effects of medicinal herbs with no date limitation. The searched terms and keywords words were: "medicinal herbs", "medicinal plants", "vasodilator", "vasorelaxant", "hypertension", "high blood pressure", "vasodilation", "extract", "essential oil". Out of 1820 papers (up to 2020), 31 papers met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The most important medicinal plants with vasodilation/vasorelaxant activity belonged to the family Asteraceae (19.4%) followed by Zingiberaceae (9.7%). Aerial parts (30.5%), leaves (30.5%), followed by roots (11.1%) were the most common parts used in the studies. The findings showed that ethanolic extract (33.3%), followed by aqueous extract (22.2%) and methanolic extract (19.4%) was the frequency used extraction methods, whereas the essential oil (13.9%) and hydroalcoholic extract (8.3%) were the second most used herbal remedies. The results of the current review study revealed that the plant vasodilatory agents were might be used as an alternative and complementary source to treat hypertension as they had lower important toxicity. Nevertheless, more investigations, particularly clinical trials, are needed to clear this suggestion.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as Green Extraction Media of Beneficial Bioactive Phytochemicals

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Ali Sami Dheyab ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohamed Alomar ◽  
Siti Fatimah Sabran ◽  
Ahmad Fathi Muhamad Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a mixture of two or more components and are classified as ionic solvents with special properties such as low volatility, high solubility, low melting points, low-cost materials and are less toxic to humans. Using DES has been suggested as an eco-friendly, green method for extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and are a safe alternative for nutritional, pharmaceutical and various sector applications. Conventional solvent extraction methods present drawbacks such as long extraction period, safety issues, harmful to the environment, costly and large volume of solvents required. The extraction method with DES leads to higher extraction yield and better bioactivity results as compared to the conventional solvents. This review provides a summary of research progress regarding the advantages of using DES to extract bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, isoflavones, catechins, polysaccharides, curcuminoids, proanthocyanidin, phycocyanin, gingerols, ginsenosides, anthocyanin, xanthone, volatile monoterpenes, tannins, lignin, pectin, rutin, tert-butyl hydroquinone, chlorogenic acids, resveratrol and others, as opposed to using conventional solvents. The bioactivity of the extracts is determined using antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Hence, DESs are considered potential green media with selective and efficient properties for extracting bioactive ingredients from medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and HPTLC Studies on Fruit Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl, a Medicinally Important Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
Shantakani SRINIVASULU ◽  
Yarrama PALLAVI ◽  
Bollu GAYATRI DEVI ◽  
Hemalatha K. PADMA JYOTHI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Fruit Extracts

Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step in the detection of bioactive principles present in medicinal plants, which subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, chief phytoconstituents of the Momordica cymbalaria were identified. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals was done by using three extraction methods: maceration, soxhlation and reflux with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. All the nine extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids that were obtained by the three extraction methods. The present work also attempted to optimize the HPTLC fingerprint profiles of secondary metabolites in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic fruit extracts of M. cymabalaria. Soxhlated methanolic fruit extract was rich in secondary compounds and exhibited more biological activity than the other extracts. Hence future study is needed to isolate potential bioactive principle from fruit extract of M. cymbalaria.

scholarly journals A review: antimicrobial properties of several medicinal plants widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Chen ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xiudan Hou ◽  
Qingli Yang ◽  
Zhaojie Li
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds

Abstract Due to the dramatic increase in the use of antibiotics and growing health threat of bacterial resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, many studies have been directed at developing new and effective antibacterial compounds, among which many new, natural, and effective antibacterial compounds discovered from medicinal plants have drawn great interest and raised new hope for treating the challenges of antibiotic resistance. This review aimed to summarize the most important and widely used medicinal plants that were reported to have antibacterial activities. A general literature search from 2010 to 2020 was conducted using different databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed. According to the literature, three medicinal plants with outstanding antibacterial activities, Taraxacum officinale, Coptis Rhizome, and Scutellaria baicalensis, were screened and reviewed by prioritization. The extraction methods, antibacterial activities of different parts of plants or the plant-derived compounds, spectra of antibacterial activities, and toxicity were described, respectively. However, the antibacterial activities of the extracts or pure compounds as reported in the reviewed literature were mostly based on in vitro assays, and moreover, the deeper antibacterial mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Therefore, further studies are required in the fields of purification and identification of the antibacterial compounds, its mechanisms of action, and synergistic effects in combination with other antibacterial drugs, which may be helpful in the development of new antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities evaluation and phytochemical screening of some selected medicinal plants: A possible alternative in the treatment of multidrug-resistant microbes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249253
Author(s):  
Taye Kebede ◽  
Eshetu Gadisa ◽  
Abreham Tufa
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Background Four out of five individuals rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. Medicinal plants are endowed with diverse bioactive compounds to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes. So far, a less thorough examination has been made in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants against MDR microbes. Methods In vitro experimental study was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial effects and phytochemical screening of Rumex abyssinicus, Cucumis pustulatus, Discopodium penninervium, Lippia adoensis, Euphorbia depauperata, Cirsium englerianum, and Polysphaeria aethiopica against MDR bacteria and fungi. Aqueous and 80% methanolic extraction methods were employed for extraction. The susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration were measured using disc diffusion or broth micro-dilution as per the CLSI protocols. Result The 80% methanolic extraction method was a preferred method to aqueous. The phytochemical constituents identified were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic, tannins, terpenoidss, and cardiac glycosides. The hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated an appreciable antimicrobial role against MDR microbes with an MIC value of 1.0–128.0μg/ml and 11-29mm inhibition zone (IZ) in diameter. Extracts obtained from C. englerianum and E. depauperata showed a significant IZ ranged of 26-29mm on MRSA and Streptococcus pyogenes. MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed 12-25mm and 23-28mm IZ in diameter, respectively. T. mentagraphytes was susceptible to all tested extracts. Moreover, S. pyogenes and K. pneumoniae were found the most susceptible bacteria to C. englerianum. Cirsium englerianum, L. adoensis, D. penninervium, and R. abyssinicus demonstrated remarkable antifungal effect against C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes, while R. abyssinicus showed the leading antifungal effect with 32 to 64μg/ml MIC values. Conclusion The plant extracts have shown appreciable antimicrobial activities comparable to the currently prescribed modern drugs tested. Accordingly, further studies on clinical efficacy trial, safety, toxicity and affordability analyses have to be instigated promptly, so as to head to the final step to synthesize precursor molecules for new effective antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants and Herbs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fongang Fotsing Yannick Stéphane ◽  
Bankeu Kezetas Jean Jules ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Iftikhar Ali ◽  
Lenta Ndjakou Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

Human beings have relied on herbs and medicinal plants as sources of food and remedy from time immemorial. Bioactive compounds from plants are currently the subject of much research interest, but their extraction as part of phytochemical and/or biological investigations present specific challenges. Herbalists or scientists have developed many protocols of extraction of bioactive ingredients to ensure the effectiveness and the efficacy of crude drugs that were used to get relief from sickness. With the advent of new leads from plants such as morphine, quinine, taxol, artemisinin, and alkaloids from Voacanga species, a lot of attention is paid to the mode of extraction of active phytochemicals to limit the cost linked to the synthesis and isolation. Thus, the extraction of active compounds from plants needs appropriate extraction methods and techniques that provide bioactive ingredients-rich extracts and fractions. The extraction procedures, therefore, play a critical role in the yield, the nature of phytochemical content, etc. This chapter aims to present, describe, and compare extraction procedures of bioactive compounds from herbs and medicinal plants.

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