scholarly journals Occurrence and characterization of hyperviscous K1 and K2 serotype in Klebsiella pneumoniael

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poothakuzhiyil Remya ◽  
Mariappan Shanthi ◽  
Uma Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Serotype K2

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes both nosocomial and community-associated infections. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP), new variant of K. pneumoniae, can cause invasive infections in young healthy individuals as well as in the immunocompromised population. Hypervirulent strains frequently belong to capsular serotypes K1 or K2. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in hvKP is a cause for concern. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study was done to detect the K1 and K2 serotypes among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, spectrum of infections caused by them and presence of common beta-lactamases encoding genes in them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 370 isolates of K. pneumoniae, isolated from various clinical samples over a period of 1 year was included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to various classes of antimicrobials was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. The presence of K2A (specific to serotype K2), magA (specific to serotype K1), and rmpA genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (MOX, CIT, DHA, ACC, EBC, and FOX), and carbapenemase genes (IMP, VIM, NDM, KPC, and OXA-48) were also determined by PCR. RESULTS: Among the 370 isolates, 8 harbored K2A gene and one harbored magA. rmpA gene was detected in three isolates along with K1 or K2 serotypes. Seven K2A-positive isolates were resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobials. The studied ESBL genes were present in four isolates. Two isolates harbored carbapenemase genes (NDM-1, OXA-48) along with ESBLs. Conclusions: K2 serotype is more prevalent among hvKP isolates. They can harbor ESBLs and Carbapenemase genes. K1 serotype is rather uncommon in K. pneumoniae. Acquisition of multidrug-resistant genes by these strains adds to their virulence and limits the treatment options.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance and ESBLs Among Clinically Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Patients in a Major Hospital in Tehran, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Sajjad S. Tolon ◽  
Shahin Zayeri ◽  
Mehrdad Sami
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Background:Bacterial resistance to antibiotics limits treatment options, increases morbidity and mortality, and raises the risk of antibiotic-associated adverse events. Antibacterial resistance emerges rapidly following an increase in the consumption of antibiotics against infectious diseases. The spread of ESBL producing strains has a limiting factor based on antibiotic function for the treatment of infections particularly caused byAcinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii).Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and distribution ofblaTEM,blaCTX, andblaSHVgenes amongA. baumanniistrains isolated from clinical samples at a major hospital in Teheran, Iran.Methods:A. baumanniistrains were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The disc diffusion and combined discs methods were used for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and to identify the strains producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction was done by boiling method. Finally, the frequency of resistant genes includingblaTEM,blaCTX, andblaSHVin ESBL producing isolates was studied by PCR.Results:Gender distribution in this study was 53 (53%) samples for men and 47 (47%) for women. Totally, one hundredA. baumanniistrains were isolated. More than 93% of the isolates were multi drug resistant. The highest to lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%), ceftriaxone (96%), cefotaxime (94%), and ceftazidime (93%), respectively. The frequency of positive phenotypic test of ESBL was 19% and 16% for CAZ-C and CTX-C, respectively. The frequency ofblaTEM,blaCTX, andblaSHVgenes was 52.1, 43.4, and 21.7, respectively.Conclusion:A. baumanniiisolates exhibited an extremely worrying level of antibiotic resistance, and a high percentage of the isolates showed MDR in this study. This is a serious warning because ESBLs are a major threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics that are currently available for medical uses. The frequency of genes encoded ESBL isolates ofA. baumanniimay be due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Detection, identification and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae in wastewater and salads marketed in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2746-2757
Author(s):  
Souleymane Soré ◽  
Yacouba Sawadogo ◽  
Juste Isidore Bonkoungou ◽  
Sephora P. Kaboré ◽  
Saidou Béogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) represent a threat for failure of empirical antibiotic therapy and are associated with high mortality, morbidity and expenses. The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE and multidrug resistant enterobacteria (MDR), enterobacteria profil, investigate the associated resistance in wastewater and salads. After wastewater and salad sampling, enterobacteria was isoled on (EMB + 4μg / L cefotaxim). The stains of Enterobacteriaceae were identified by using biochemical methods and confirmed as ESBL by double-disc synergy test (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with cefotaxime 30 μg, ceftazidime 30 μg and ceftriaxone 30 μg). Finally, the associated resistance was investigated by testing the susceptibility of the strains by the disc diffusion method. Global prevalence of ESBL-PE was 53.92% (95% CI: 48,2-59,5) (153/293), 61.11% from wastewater and 42.47% from salads. Major ESBL-E was Escherichia coli (73.44%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.88%). Resistance to the aminoglycoside , fluroquinolonones and sulfonamides classes were dominant, observed in 53,83%, 93,86% and 98,95% of the isolates, respectively. The frequence of MDR was hight to channel1 (32,40%) and channel2 (26,26%). This study reports very worrying results. There is an urgent need to develop measures to monitor the spread of these multidrug-resistant strains.Keywords: Wastewater, ESBL-PE, Salads, Ouagadougou.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta- lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples refereed to the National Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Aseffa Negeri ◽  
Eyasu Tigabu Seyoum ◽  
Dejenie Shiferaw Taklu ◽  
Estifanos Tsige ◽  
Dawit Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are prevalent worldwide and they are unique challenges for treatment and control of bacterial infectious diseases. ESBL genes not only confer resistance to oximino-cephalosporins and aztreonum but also, they are multidrug-resistant to other commonly available antimicrobial agents used in clinical practice.Objective To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples referred to the national clinical bacteriology and mycology reference laboratory.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on Enterobacteriaceae culture- positive clinical samples that were referred to the national bacteriology and mycology reference laboratory from August 2018 to July 2019. Bacterial isolation was performed according to the inoculation and incubation conditions of each clinical specimen and identifications of the isolates were performed using standardized biochemical tests for gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these cultures were determined using the disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar according to the recommendation by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). ESBL production was detected using CLSI Screening and confirmation test. A double-disk synergy test was used for confirmation.Results Out of 371 culture positive for Enterobacteriaceae , 240 (64.7%) were positive for ESBL production, and the most prevalent species were Klebsiella sp 131(54.6%) followed by E. coli 79 (32.9%). Of 131 ESBL positive Klebsiella spp, 95 (72.5%) were obtained from blood samples and among 79 E. coli isolates, 51 (64.6%) of the strains were isolated from urine samples. All ESBL positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin and all generation of cephalosporins. In addition, 100% of them were multidrug resistant. There were also high proportions of resistant ESBL positive isolates to other classes of antimicrobial agents. Less resistance rates were documented for carbapenems drugs and amikacin from the class of aminoglycosides.Conclusion ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae we reported in this study was not only highly prevalent but also they are multidrug resistant to most clinically available antimicrobial agents including carbapenems. Therefore, public awareness and regular monitoring

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase of Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Causing Nosocomial Infections in Erbil City

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Sakar Bakr Smail ◽  
Kamal I. AL-OTRACHI
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Background: Resistance to broad‑spectrum beta‑lactams, mediated by extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, and metallo‑beta‑lactamase enzymes, is an increasing problem worldwide. The main aim is to study phenotypic characterization of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Erbil City. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 Acinetobacter baumannii isolations were collected from patients of all age groups from clinical specimens sputum, blood, pus, wound swab, urine and body fluids (Pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid) collected from different medical wards and intensive care unit departments of hospitals in Erbil City for a period of one year from march 2018--march 2019. Isolates were tested for the presence of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase. Detection of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases was done by the combined disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, while metallo‑beta‑lactamase was detected by meropenem and imipenem combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disk method. Results: 25% (28) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, while 100 % (112) were metallo‑beta‑lactamase producers. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming a global medical challenge due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Newer beta lactamase is a matter of concern as they are developing rapidly and lead to treatment failure. Carbapenems are known to be effective therapeutic agents for Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its resistance limits the use to polymyxins and colistin. Several new medicines are still in research and combination of drug therapy is being currently used in the hospitals together with ours to treat multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

scholarly journals Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against commonly encountered antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
George F Araj ◽  
Dana M Berjawi ◽  
Umayya Musharrafieh ◽  
Nancy K El Beayni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
In Vitro Data

Introduction: In view of the continuous rise in Gram-negative bacterial resistance and limited treatment options, Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is a newly introduced antimicrobial agent in Lebanon for its demonstrated activity against resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, in vitro data is not available about its activity against commonly isolated bacteria in this country. Methodology: The analysis included clinical isolates, multidrug–resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs), representing 124 Escherichia coli, 75 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, identified using the MALDI-TOF. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C/T was determined by the Etest (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy). In addition, the disk diffusion (DD) test was used to determine the activity of C/T and of the antimicrobials routinely used to test for such pathogens. Results: The C/T activity against the ESBL producers E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were similar (MIC90 value of 1 and 1.5 µg/mL, respectively; susceptibility of 100% and 96%, respectively). However, the activity of C/T against the E. coli and K. pneumoniae MDR isolates was much lower (MIC90 value of 256 and 96 µg/mL, respectively; susceptibility of 54% for each). The C/T MIC90 value for the non-MDR P. aeruginosa isolates was 3 µg/mL and ≥ 256 µg/mL for the MDR P. aeruginosa isolates (susceptibility of 96% vs 42% respectively). Overall, the C/T activities show comparable or higher susceptibility to the routinely used antimicrobials. Conclusion: The high in vitro activity of C/T points out its value as a possible alternative to the antimicrobials currently used for treatment of infections caused by such pathogens and would help in minimizing toxicity and bacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Detection of 16S rRNA Methylases and Co-Resistance with β-lactams among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Iraqi Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 0580
Author(s):  
Mustafa Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Encoding Genes

Out of 150 clinical samples, 50 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified according to morphological and biochemical properties. These isolates were collected from different clinical samples, including 15 (30%) urine, 12 (24%) blood, 9 (18%) sputum, 9 (18%) wound, and 5 (10%) burn. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay revealed that 25 (50%) of isolates were resistant to gentamicin (≥16µg/ml), 22 (44%) of isolates were resistant to amikacin (≥64 µg/ml), 21 (42%) of isolates were resistant to ertapenem (≥8 µg/ml), 18 (36%) of isolates were resistant to imipenem (4- ≥16µg/ml), 43 (86%) of isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (4- ≥64 µg/ml), 42 (84%) of isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (16-64 µg/ml), and 40 (80%) of isolates were resistant to cefepime (4- ≥16µg/ml). Co-Resistance for both β-lactams and aminoglycosides were detected among 25 (50%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. The extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected among 25 (50%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Screening of 16S rRNA methylases  encoding genes revealed that armA was found in 5 (10%) of K. pneumoniae isolates, whereas rmtB was not found among K. pneumoniae isolates. DNA sequencing of armA revealed that the presence of missense mutations in which affected in the translation of protein by substitutions of amino acids, leading to increase the resistance values of MICs for gentamicin and amikacin. These variants were registered in NCBI at the accession number LC373258. The phylogenetic tree of armA variants showed a slight deviation of these variants from K. pneumoniae species.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from Qatar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ben Abid ◽  
Clement K. M. Tsui ◽  
Yohei Doi ◽  
Anand Deshmukh ◽  
Christi L. McElheny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Common Sequence

AbstractOne hundred forty-nine carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from clinical samples obtained between April 2014 and November 2017 were subjected to whole genome sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing. Klebsiella pneumoniae (81, 54.4%) and Escherichia coli (38, 25.5%) were the most common species. Genes encoding metallo-β-lactamases were detected in 68 (45.8%) isolates, and OXA-48-like enzymes in 60 (40.3%). blaNDM-1 (45; 30.2%) and blaOXA-48 (29; 19.5%) were the most frequent. KPC-encoding genes were identified in 5 (3.6%) isolates. Most common sequence types were E. coli ST410 (8; 21.1%) and ST38 (7; 18.4%), and K. pneumoniae ST147 (13; 16%) and ST231 (7; 8.6%).

scholarly journals S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus lineages with transmission ability circulate as causative agents of infections in pets for years

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
Carmen Simón ◽  
Sara Ceballos ◽  
Carmelo Ortega ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Abstract Background Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) are common colonizers of companion animals, but they are also considered opportunistic pathogens, causing diseases of diverse severity. This study focused on the identification and characterization of 33 coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from diseased pets (28 dogs and five cats) during 2009–2011 in a veterinary hospital in Spain in order to stablish the circulating lineages and their antimicrobial resistance profile. Results Twenty-eight isolates were identified as SP and five as SA. Nine methicillin-resistant (MR) isolates (27%) carrying the mecA gene were detected (eight MRSP and one MRSA). The 55% of SP and SA isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MRSP strains were typed as ST71-agrIII-SCCmecII/III-(PFGE) A (n=5), ST68-agrIV-SCCmecV-B1/B2 (n=2), and ST258-agrII-SCCmecIV-C (n=1). SP isolates showed resistance to the following antimicrobials [percentage of resistant isolates/resistance genes]: penicillin [82/blaZ], oxacillin [29/mecA] erythromycin/clindamycin [43/erm(B)], aminoglycosides [18–46/aacA-aphD, aphA3, aadE], tetracycline [71/tet(M), tet(K)], ciprofloxacin [29], chloramphenicol [29/catpC221], and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [50/dfrG, dfrK]. The dfrK gene was revealed as part of the radC-integrated Tn559 in two SP isolates. Virulence genes detected among SP isolates were as follow [percentage of isolates]: siet [100], se-int [100], lukS/F-I [100], seccanine [7], and expB [7]. The single MRSA-mecA detected was typed as t011-ST398/CC398-agrI-SCCmecV and was MDR. The methicillin-susceptible SA isolates were typed as t045-ST5/CC5 (n=2), t10576-ST1660 (n=1), and t005-ST22/CC22 (n=1); the t005-ST22 feline isolate was PVL-positive and the two t045-ST45 isolates were ascribed to Immune Evasion Cluster (IEC) type F. Moreover, the t10576-ST1660 isolate, of potential equine origin, harbored the lukPQ and scneq genes. According to animal clinical history and data records, several strains seem to have been acquired from different sources of the hospital environment, while some SA strains appeared to have a human origin. Conclusions The frequent detection of MR and MDR isolates among clinical SP and SA strains with noticeable virulence traits is of veterinary concern, implying limited treatment options available. This is the first description of MRSA-ST398 and MRSP-ST68 in pets in Spain, as well the first report of the dfrK-carrying Tn559 in SP. This evidences that current transmissible lineages with mobilizable resistomes have been circulating as causative agents of infections among pets for years.

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