scholarly journals Crown transparency and “butt rot” in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Middle Italy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio D'Aprile ◽  
Nigel Tapper ◽  
Marco Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Crown Transparency

scholarly journals Butt rot occurrence in plus trees of Silver fir Abies alba Mill. and Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) from the Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Chomicz-Zegar ◽  
Stanisław Niemtur ◽  
Mariusz Kapsa ◽  
Sławomir Ambroży
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract Due to its hidden character, butt rot occurrence is not commonly included in the assessment of plus trees’ health status. Thus, the trees’ varied susceptibility to wood decay is not a target of breeding efforts. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of butt rot in fir and spruce plus trees from Carpathian seed stands. We employed the novel and non-invasive diagnostic method of sonic tomography to determine presence and severity of decay at the base of 110 plus trees of silver fir and 42 of Norway spruce. Butt rot in various stages of development occurred in 63% of investigated fir trees and in 45% of spruce trees. The proportion of damaged wood on the tomogram ranged from 0–38% in fir and 0–47% in spruce with similar average proportions of solid wood in all forest districts. The vast majority of trees was in the range of 80–90% solid wood. Plus trees of fir and spruce were affected by butt rot to a similar extent and the degree of damage increased with age in both species. However, a large variation in susceptibility to butt rot was found between individual trees leading to the conclusion that the identification of old trees, which wood is not decayed, may be the basis for further research on the resistance to butt rot.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) butt rot in protected areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Stanisław Niemtur ◽  
Elżbieta Chomicz ◽  
Mariusz Kapsa
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse butt rot incidences in silver fir stands of selected nature reserves and national parks. The study included 11 stands in Carpathian forests and for comparison 4 stands outside the Carpathians. To identify butt rot in fir trees, we used the non-invasive method of acoustic tomography. We tested 30 randomly selected fir trees in each of the 15 stands using Picus Sonic tomography to determine butt rot occurrence and to assess the proportion (%) of healthy wood in cross-sections of the tree trunk. The results indicate significant differences in the frequency of butt rot in silver fir at the individual level as well as the population level. This variability in frequency was not dependent on geographical location of the investigated stands

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

scholarly journals Impact of Industrial Pollution on Radial Growth of Conifers in a Former Mining Area in the Eastern Carpathians (Northern Romania)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Cristian Gheorghe Sidor ◽  
Radu Vlad ◽  
Ionel Popa ◽  
Anca Semeniuc ◽  
Ecaterina Apostol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to evaluate the impact of local industrial pollution on radial growth in affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the Tarnița study area in Suceava. For northeastern Romania, the Tarnița mining operation constituted a hotspot of industrial pollution. The primary processing of non-ferrous ores containing heavy metals in the form of complex sulfides was the main cause of pollution in the Tarnița region from 1968 to 1990. Air pollution of Tarnița induced substantial tree growth reduction from 1978 to 1990, causing a decline in tree health and vitality. Growth decline in stands located over 6 km from the pollution source was weaker or absent. Spruce trees were much less affected by the phenomenon of local pollution than fir trees. We analyzed the dynamics of resilience indices and average radial growth indices and found that the period in which the trees suffered the most from local pollution was between 1978 and 1984. Growth recovery of the intensively polluted stand was observed after the 1990s when the environmental condition improved because of a significant reduction in air pollution.

scholarly journals Impact of population dynamics of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on European silver fir (Abies alba)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Philipp Noetzli ◽  
Beat M�ller ◽  
Thomas Niklaus Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Silver Fir

Relative abundance and potential dispersal range of intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum in pure and mixed forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Forest Pathogen ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Intersterility Groups

In Europe the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. includes the S, P, and F intersterility groups (ISGs), each displaying a preferential specialization on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), pine, and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), respectively. In this paper, we present data about (i) H. annosum ISGs frequency in different forest types, (ii) the degree of host specificity of each ISG, (iii) the significance of the potential movement of airborne spores among forests, and (iv) the occurrence of S–P chimeras in the northwestern Alps. Using woody spore traps, we sampled natural pure spruce and fir forests and a mixed spruce-fir forest. The ISG of 582 spores was determined by ISG-diagnostic taxon-specific competitive priming (TSCP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with PCR-mediated detection of ISG-specific introns in the ML5–ML6 DNA region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mt LrRNA). All three ISGs were found, and a strong correlation was observed between the F ISG and fir and the S ISG and spruce. In the mixed forest, no clear relationship between tree host species and host-specialized ISGs was found. In spite of a relative dominance of fir in the overstory of the mixed stand, the fir-associated F ISG represented only 11% of the total number of spores collected. This discrepancy was explained by the recent establishment of firs at this site. No S–P nuclear-mitochondrial chimeras were found. This suggests limited gene flow between these ISGs.Key words: Heterobasidion annosum, host specificity, ISGs, gene flow, PCR, Alps.

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