Open-Container Laws

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Open Container

High-Performance Motion Control With Slosh: A Constrained Sliding Mode Approach

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanz Richter ◽  
Kedar B. Karnik
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Open Container ◽  
Nominal Performance

The problem of controlling the rectilinear motion of an open container without exceeding a prescribed liquid level and other constraints is considered using a recently-developed constrained sliding mode control design methodology based on invariant cylinders. A conventional sliding mode regulator is designed first to address nominal performance in the sliding mode. Then an robustly-invariant cylinder is constructed and used to describe the set of safe initial conditions from which the closed-loop controller can be operated without constraint violation. Simulations of a typical transfer illustrate the usefulness of the method in an industrial setting. Experimental results corresponding to a high-speed transfer validate the theory.

Effects of High Temperature and Relative Humidity on Mold Content and Quality of Stored Popcorn†

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARATH K. KATTA ◽  
LLOYD B. BULLERMAN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Internal Mold ◽  
Aspergillus Glaucus ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Open Container

White and yellow popcorn were stored in different containers at high temperature (35°C) and high relative humidity (85%) conditions for 3 months. Gradual decreases in popping volumes with the lengthening of storage time were observed in both white and yellow popcorn. Internal mold infection was quite low in both white (5.7%) and yellow (3.0%) popcorn at the beginning of storage tests. Few differences were found in total infection levels up to 60 days of storage, except that the Aspergillus glaucus group became established in place of field fungi. A gradual increase in mold infection levels was then observed during the remaining 30 days of storage. Visible mold growth was also observed on the tips of some kernels by the end of storage studies. Internal mold infection in white popcorn stored in an open container was lower (18.3%) than white popcorn stored in a closed plastic bag (75.0%) and closed plastic jar (85.3%), whereas the internal mold infection in yellow popcorn stored in an open container was higher (23.3%) than yellow popcorn stored in a closed plastic bag (6.3%) and closed plastic jar (2.6%). The A. glaucus group were the predominant molds found at the end of storage tests. The ability of toxigenic molds to invade the popcorn was determined using a dry spore inoculum. None of the inoculated molds, which included Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium martensii, and Penicillium viridicatum, were able to invade the popcorn during storage. However, the A. glaucus group predominated at the end of storage tests in the inoculated samples.

scholarly journals A modified approach of impression technique for fabrication of finger prostheses

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchi Tripathi ◽  
Raghuwar Dayal Singh ◽  
Pooran Chand ◽  
Neeraj Mishra ◽  
Lakshya Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slight Modification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Wax Pattern ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Finger Prosthesis ◽  
Open Container ◽  
Psychological Improvement

Background and Aim: The custom-made finger prosthesis is aesthetically acceptable and comfortable for use in patients with amputated fingers, resulting in psychological improvement and physiological well being. The success of the prosthesis depends on the precision of planning the prosthesis, making the impression, carving the model and choosing the material that best suits the concerned circumstances. In this article a simplified method was used regarding an accurate impression of partially amputated fingers.Technique: A plastic cylindrical small open container (impression cap) was used for making an impression of the fingers. A wax pattern of the missing part was made by replicating the same fingers of the other hand with melted modelling wax after slight modification. This pattern was finally cured with silicone material.Discussion: In the present technique, a modified approach of impression making was used for getting an accurate fit of the finger prosthesis with improved aesthetics, which is one of the most important criterion for the success of any prosthesis.Clinical relevanceThe present article provides a simplified approach for fabrication of partially lost finger prosthesis.

Impact on rates and time to first central vascular-associated bloodstream infection when switching from open to closed intravenous infusion containers in a hospital setting

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. FRANZETTI ◽  
B. BORGHI ◽  
F. RAIMONDI ◽  
V. D. ROSENTHAL
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Closed Container ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Open Container ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Time To Onset

SUMMARYAn open-label, prospective cohort, active healthcare-associated infection surveillance sequential study was conducted in four Italian intensive-care units. The aim was to determine the effect of switching from open (glass) to closed fully collapsible plastic intravenous (i.v.) infusion containers (Viaflo®) on rate and time to onset of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI). A total of 1173 adult patients were enrolled. The CVC-BSI rate during the open container period was significantly higher than during the closed container period (8·2vs. 3·5 BSI/1000 CVC days, relative risk 0·43, 95% confidence interval 0·22–0·84,P=0·01). The probability of developing a CVC-BSI was assessed over time comparing open and closed i.v. infusion containers. In the closed container period, it remained fairly constant (0·8% at days 1–3 to 1·4% at days 7–9) whereas during the open container period it increased (2% at days 1–3 to 5·8% at days 7–9). Overall, the chance of acquiring a CVC-BSI significantly decreased by 61% in the closed container period (Cox proportional hazard ratio 0·39,P=0·004).

scholarly journals Shigella and Salmonella, Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheic Children in Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manamo Hayamo ◽  
Tsegaye Alemayehu ◽  
Bereket Tadesse ◽  
Enkusilasie Mitiku ◽  
Zufan Bedawi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Open Container

Abstract Background: Salmonella and Shigella is a major health problem worldwide, in developing countries like Ethiopia, it is responsible for high morbidity and mortality of children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella infection, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factor among the diarrheic pediatrics patients that visited Alamura Health Center in southern Ethiopia. Method: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted at Alamura Health Center from April 2018 – July 2019. The study was performed on pediatrics below the age of 14 years in which consecutive children with diarrhea were included for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data after assent and consent obtained from parents or care taker. The stool sample cultured as per the standard operating procedure (SOP) of the microbiology laboratory. Antibiogram was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and was interpreted based on the Clinical and laboratory standard institute guidline (CLSI) version 2018. Results: Out of 263 children enrolled in the study, 50.5 % were females. The overall, 21/263 (8 %) 95% CI, (4.6 - 11.4%) Shigella and Salmonella was isolated. Shigella dysenteriae was dominantly isolated 11 (4.2%) followed by 9(3.42%) Shigella spp, and 1(0.38%) Salmonella typhi. Those with habit of washing the hands of children after toilet sometimes (AOR = 235.1, 95% CI, 20.9 - 2643.3, P = .000) and store cooked food in open container for later use (AOR = 36.44, 95% CI, 5.82 - 228.06, P = .000) showed statistically significant association. Conclusion: High level of Shigella spp and one Salmonella was isolated from diarrheic children at Alamura Health Center. Shigella dysentery was the most dominantly isolated. Those practised hands wash for their child after defecation for sometimes was 235.1-fold at risk of infection. Similarly, those store foods for later use in an open container was 36.44 times at risk of infection. Therefore, to alleviate this infection the concerned body should focus on giving health education for hand wash after defecation and storing food in a closed container later use is mandatory.

scholarly journals LOW QUALITY, LOW QUANTITY WATER USED—CONTAINER PLANT PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 916B-916
Author(s):  
James L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Open Container ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
Container Plant

Since initiation of the research in 1990, diverse plants (92 genera from 47 families) have been grown in the closed, insulated pallet system (CIPS). Greater growth has occurred in various embodiments of the CIPS than in the open container system (OCS) controls. Branching of roots, and of shoots of some plants, is greater in CIPS. CIPS is a closed system; there is no circulation of irrigation solutions nor effluent discharge from CIPS. Water and fertilizer movement in CIPS is plant-driven, and use is 10% of that applied in overhead sprinkler fertigation of open containers. Tomato plants are more tolerant of saline irrigation water, and greenhouse tomato production is more profitable in CIPS than in the OCS. CIPS provides several pest management alternatives.

scholarly journals Modeling of Liquid Hot Metal Sloshing in Ladles During Transportation by Locomotives (A Bond Graph Method)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 548-551
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
External Excitation ◽  
Sloshing Dynamics ◽  
Open Container ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Inside Wall

Safe and secure transportation of liquid hot metal in steel plants is very challenging. About ninety percent of transportation is by means of locomotives. Sloshing is a common phenomenon in open container liquid transportation due to external excitation. Non-linear sloshing dynamics of liquid hot metal in ladle due to locomotive movement is the prime consideration of this paper. Liquid hot metal inside the ladle has been considered in the line of an equivalent mechanical system. Resulting forces and moments acting on the ladle inside wall are considered equal in all senses. An equivalent mechanical dynamic system representation of sloshing by bond graph modellinghas been formulated by keeping records in a satisfactory way.Future research scopes has been identifiedin parallel with an outline mapped. Hot metal liquid has two distinct components of the hydrodynamic pressure in consideration of rigid containershas been identified. Bottom segment of the molten metal column moves unison with the ladleandis directlyproportional with the acceleration of the ladle. Whereas the second one ‘convective’ pressure at the free surface, particularly experiences the sloshing tendency due to external forces.

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