scholarly journals Adequacy of methodologies for determining SCS / CN in a watershed with characteristics of the Pampa biome

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zandra Almeida da Cunha ◽  
Samuel Beskow ◽  
Maíra Martim de Moura ◽  
Tamara Leitzke Caldeira Beskow ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Service Curve ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Events

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Model is a conceptual model intended for estimating effective rainfall (ER). This model is grounded in a parameter – referred to as Curve Number (CN), which is determined from information on the characteristics of the watershed. The Standard Method (M1) for determining the CN is based on soil and land-use tables; however, some authors have proposed alternative methodologies for defining the CN value from monitored rainfall-runoff events, such as those described by Hawkins (1993) (M2), Soulis and Valiantzas (2012) (M3), and Soulis and Valiantzas (2013) (M4). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using these methods for determination of the CN parameter on the estimation of ER, taking as reference forty rainfall-runoff events monitored between 2015 and 2018 in the Cadeia River Watershed, which has characteristics of the Pampa biome. The different methods assessed for definition of the CN parameter resulted in contrasting performances with respect to the estimation of ER for CRW, as the following findings: i) M1 gave ER values with little reliability, mainly due to the classification of antecedent moisture content classes; ii) M3 provided the best results in determining ER, followed by M2; and iii) the ER values estimated according to M4 differed from those observed, mainly for events with lower rainfall depths.

scholarly journals Improved SMA-based SCS-CN method incorporating storm duration for runoff prediction on the Loess Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
Wenhai Shi ◽  
Ni Wang
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Accounting ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Storm Duration ◽  
Service Curve ◽  
Scs Cn ◽  
Runoff Events

Abstract In the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for estimating runoff, three antecedent moisture condition (AMC) levels produce a discrete relation between the curve number (CN) and soil water content, which results in corresponding sudden jumps in estimated runoff. An improved soil moisture accounting (SMA)-based SCS-CN method that incorporates a continuous function for the AMC was developed to obviate sudden jumps in estimated runoff. However, this method ignores the effect of storm duration on surface runoff, yet this is an important component of rainfall-runoff processes. In this study, the SMA-based method for runoff estimation was modified by incorporating storm duration and a revised SMA procedure. Then, the performance of the proposed method was compared to both the original SCS-CN and SMA-based methods by applying them in three experimental watersheds located on the Loess Plateau, China. The results indicate that the SCS-CN method underestimates large runoff events and overestimates small runoff events, yielding an efficiency of 0.626 in calibration and 0.051 in validation; the SMA-based method has improved runoff estimation in both calibration (efficiency = 0.702) and validation (efficiency = 0.481). However, the proposed method performed significantly better than both, yielding model efficiencies of 0.810 and 0.779 in calibration and validation, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of Curve Number for snowmelt-runoff floods in a small catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hejduk ◽  
A. Hejduk ◽  
K. Banasik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Runoff Events

Abstract. One of the widely used methods for predicting flood runoff depth from ungauged catchments is the curve number (CN) method, developed by Soil Conservation Service (SCS) of US Department of Agriculture. The CN parameter can be computed directly from recorded rainfall depths and direct runoff volumes in case of existing data. In presented investigations, the CN parameter has been computed for snowmelt-runoff events based on snowmelt and rainfall measurements. All required data has been gathered for a small agricultural catchment (A = 23.4 km2) of Zagożdżonka river, located in Central Poland. The CN number received from 28 snowmelt-runoff events has been compared with CN computed from rainfall-runoff events for the same catchment. The CN parameter, estimated empirically varies from 64.0 to 94.8. The relation between CN and snowmelt depth was investigated in a similar procedure to relation between CN and rainfall depth.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

scholarly journals Initial abstraction ratio and Curve Number estimation using rainfall and runoff data from a tropical watershed

RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Claudio Galvão do Valle Junior ◽  
Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Tropical Watershed ◽  
Runoff Events

ABSTRACT The Curve Number (CN) method is extensively used for predict surface runoff from storm events. However, remain some uncertainties in the method, such as in the use of an initial abstraction (λ) standard value of 0.2 and on the choice of the most suitable CN values. Here, we compute λ and CN values using rainfall and runoff data to a rural basin located in Midwestern Brazil. We used 30 observed rainfall-runoff events with rainfall depth greater than 25 mm to derive associated CN values using five statistical methods. We noted λ values ranging from 0.005 to 0.455, with a median of 0.045, suggesting the use of λ = 0.05 instead of 0.2. We found a S0.2 to S0.05 conversion factor of 2.865. We also found negative values of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (to the estimated and observed runoff). Therefore, our findings indicated that the CN method was not suitable to estimate runoff in the studied basin. This poor performance suggests that the runoff mechanisms in the studied area are dominated by subsurface stormflow.

scholarly journals Determination of the Value of Intangible Assets in the Companies of Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bužinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using NRCS-CN method and GIS approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Verma ◽  
Azhar Husain ◽  
Mohammed Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
Runoff Depth

Rainfall-Runoff modeling is a hydrological modeling which is extremely important for water resources planning, development, and management. In this paper, Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number (NRCS-CN) method along with Geographical Information System (GIS) approach was used to evaluate the runoff resulting from the rainfall of four stations, namely, Bilodra, Kathlal, Navavas and Rellawada of Sabarmati River basin. The rainfall data were taken for 10 years (2005-2014). The curve number which is the function of land use, soil and antecedent moisture condition (AMC) was generated in GIS platform. The CN value generated for AMC- I, II and III were 57.29, 75.39 and 87.77 respectively. Using NRCS-CN method, runoff depth was calculated for all the four stations. The runoff depth calculated with respect to the rainfall for Bilodra, Kathlal, Navavas and Rellawada shows a good correlation of 0.96. The computed runoff was compared with the observed runoff which depicted a good correlation of 0.73, 0.70, 0.76 and 0.65 for the four stations. This method results in speedy and precise estimation of runoff from a watershed.

Progress in mineralogy

1977 ◽  
Vol 286 (1336) ◽  
pp. 235-237
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
The Impact

Since the fiftieth anniversary of the Mineralogical Society in 1926, there has been an epoch of great progress, resulting from the impact of applied physics and from the generally widened horizons of Earth science. Description of the morphology of crystals by means of the goniometer, determination of the optics of minerals in transmitted light and of their chemistry by wet methods had already been carried to an advanced stage, but in the eight years up to 1934 the full effect of the application of X-ray diffraction to crystallography by von Laue, W. H. & W. L. Bragg, Jackson, Maugin, Pauling, W. H. Taylor, Warren, West and Wyckoff was felt, leading to a virtually complete classification of minerals on the basis of atomic structure (Bragg 1937). This has stood the test of time for all minerals save chrysotile, and has been fundamental to most other developments in mineralogy. Active fields in structure analysis today include the basis of ordering over octahedral and tetrahedral sites in silicates, and the factors controlling bond-lengths and angles; nuclear magnetic resonance (Bloch 1946; Purcell 1946) and electron spin resonance (Zavoisky 1945) are contributory techniques.

Risk assessment of post-wildfire hydrological response in semiarid basins: the effects of varying rainfall representations in the KINEROS2/AGWA model

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sidman ◽  
D. Phillip Guertin ◽  
David C. Goodrich ◽  
Carl L. Unkrich ◽  
I. Shea Burns
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Bandelier National Monument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Events

Representation of precipitation is one of the most difficult aspects of modelling post-fire runoff and erosion and also one of the most sensitive input parameters to rainfall-runoff models. The impact of post-fire convective rainstorms, especially in semiarid watersheds, depends on the overlap between locations of high-intensity rainfall and areas of high-severity burns. One of the most useful applications of models in post-fire situations is risk assessment to quantify peak flow and identify areas at high risk of flooding and erosion. This study used the KINEROS2/AGWA model to compare several spatial and temporal rainfall representations of post-fire rainfall-runoff events to determine the effect of differing representations on modelled peak flow and determine at-risk locations within a watershed. Post-fire rainfall-runoff events at Zion National Park in Utah and Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico were modelled. Representations considered included both uniform and Soil Conservation Service Type II hyetographs, applying rain over the entire watershed and applying rain only on the burned area, and varying rainfall both temporally and spatially according to radar data. Results showed that rainfall representation greatly affected modelled peak flow, but did not significantly alter the model’s predictions for high-risk locations. This has important implications for post-fire assessments before a flood-inducing rainfall event, or for post-storm assessments in areas with low-gauge density or lack of radar data due to mountain beam blockage.

scholarly journals The complexity of DNA sequences. Different approaches and definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-337
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Gusev ◽  
Liubov A. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Symbolic Sequence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

An important quantitative characteristic of symbolic sequence (texts, strings) is complexity, which reflects at the intuitive level the degree of their "non-randomness". A.N. Kolmogorov formulated the most general definition of complexity. He proposed measuring the complexity of an object (symbolic sequence) by the length of the shortest descriptions by which this object can be uniquely reconstructed. Since there is no program guaranteed to search for the shortest description, in practice, various algorithmic approximations considered in this paper are used for this purpose. Along with definitions of complexity, suggesting the possibility of reconstruction a sequence from its "description", a number of measures are considered that do not imply such restoration. They are based on the calculation of some quantitative characteristics. Of interest is not only a quantitative assessment of complexity, but also the identification and classification of structural regularities that determine its specific value. In one form or another, they are expressed in the demonstration of repetition in the broadest sense. The considered measures of complexity are conventionally divided into statistical ones that take into account the frequency of occurrence of symbols or short “words” in the text, “dictionary” ones that estimate the number of different “subwords” and “structural” ones based on the identification of long repeating fragments of text and the determination of relationships between them. Most of the methods are designed for sequences of an arbitrary linguistic nature. The special attention paid to DNA sequences, reflected in the title of the article, is due to the importance of the object, manifestations of repetition of different types, and numerous examples of using the concept of complexity in solving problems of classification and evolution of various biological objects. Local structural features found in the sliding window mode in DNA sequences are of considerable interest, since zones of low complexity in the genomes of various organisms are often associated with the regulation of basic genetic processes.

scholarly journals ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
М. С. Татар
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Global challenges complex affect the system of international relations, interstate relations, the nature of interaction between economic entities within the state and between economic entities of different states, requiring a radical transformation and modification of the modern global system and the actions of its actors. The aim of the research is to identification, classification of global challenges by strength of impact and probability of occurrence to further determine their impact on the economic entities behavior and the formation of relationships between them. The subject of the research is the global challenges, the strength of their impact and the probability of occurrence and change in time. The methods of the research: logical-substantive method, method of comparison, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The hypothesis of the research. There is a need to identify and classify global challenges to further determination of their impact on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges. The statement of basic materials. The concepts of global challenge, global problem, global risk, global crisis, global catastrophe are considered. It is proposed to consider the global challenge as a situation facing a large number of people who are not able to solve it on their own in an adequate time and they need to join efforts to solve it, which can create a global threat that will result in global problems, risks, crises and catastrophes, and be an incentive for global positive change. The classification of global challenges is proposed, which includes geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the systematic classification of global challenges in order to further determination of the impact of each group of global challenges on changes in both interstate relations and the nature of interaction between individual entities. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The proposed by the author classification of global challenges on the basis of the annotated critical analysis of scientific literature, which is presented by 7 groups of global challenges such as geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural – will be the basis for global challenges impact determining on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges.

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