Progress in mineralogy

1977 ◽  
Vol 286 (1336) ◽  
pp. 235-237
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
The Impact

Since the fiftieth anniversary of the Mineralogical Society in 1926, there has been an epoch of great progress, resulting from the impact of applied physics and from the generally widened horizons of Earth science. Description of the morphology of crystals by means of the goniometer, determination of the optics of minerals in transmitted light and of their chemistry by wet methods had already been carried to an advanced stage, but in the eight years up to 1934 the full effect of the application of X-ray diffraction to crystallography by von Laue, W. H. & W. L. Bragg, Jackson, Maugin, Pauling, W. H. Taylor, Warren, West and Wyckoff was felt, leading to a virtually complete classification of minerals on the basis of atomic structure (Bragg 1937). This has stood the test of time for all minerals save chrysotile, and has been fundamental to most other developments in mineralogy. Active fields in structure analysis today include the basis of ordering over octahedral and tetrahedral sites in silicates, and the factors controlling bond-lengths and angles; nuclear magnetic resonance (Bloch 1946; Purcell 1946) and electron spin resonance (Zavoisky 1945) are contributory techniques.

scholarly journals Determination of the Value of Intangible Assets in the Companies of Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bužinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.

scholarly journals ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
М. С. Татар
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Global challenges complex affect the system of international relations, interstate relations, the nature of interaction between economic entities within the state and between economic entities of different states, requiring a radical transformation and modification of the modern global system and the actions of its actors. The aim of the research is to identification, classification of global challenges by strength of impact and probability of occurrence to further determine their impact on the economic entities behavior and the formation of relationships between them. The subject of the research is the global challenges, the strength of their impact and the probability of occurrence and change in time. The methods of the research: logical-substantive method, method of comparison, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The hypothesis of the research. There is a need to identify and classify global challenges to further determination of their impact on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges. The statement of basic materials. The concepts of global challenge, global problem, global risk, global crisis, global catastrophe are considered. It is proposed to consider the global challenge as a situation facing a large number of people who are not able to solve it on their own in an adequate time and they need to join efforts to solve it, which can create a global threat that will result in global problems, risks, crises and catastrophes, and be an incentive for global positive change. The classification of global challenges is proposed, which includes geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the systematic classification of global challenges in order to further determination of the impact of each group of global challenges on changes in both interstate relations and the nature of interaction between individual entities. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The proposed by the author classification of global challenges on the basis of the annotated critical analysis of scientific literature, which is presented by 7 groups of global challenges such as geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural – will be the basis for global challenges impact determining on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges.

scholarly journals Petrographic structures and Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Yury VOYTEKHOVSKY ◽  
Alena ZAKHAROVA
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Algebraic Expression ◽  
Diagonal Form ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Algebraic Forms ◽  
Canonical Diagonal Form

The article is devoted to the most narrative side of modern petrography – the definition, classification and nomenclature of petrographic structures. We suggest a mathematical formalism using the theory of quadratic forms (with a promising extension to algebraic forms of the third and fourth orders) and statistics of binary (ternary and quaternary, respectively) intergranular contacts in a polymineralic rock. It allows constructing a complete classification of petrographic structures with boundaries corresponding to Hardy – Weinberg equilibria. The algebraic expression of the petrographic structure is the canonical diagonal form of the symmetric probability matrix of binary intergranular contacts in the rock. Each petrographic structure is uniquely associated with a structural indicatrix – the central quadratic surface in n-dimensional space, where n is the number of minerals composing the rock. Structural indicatrix is an analogue of the conoscopic figure used for optical recognition of minerals. We show that the continuity of changes in the organization of rocks (i.e., the probabilities of various intergranular contacts) does not contradict a dramatic change in the structure of the rocks, neighboring within the classification. This solved the problem, which seemed insoluble to A.Harker and E.S.Fedorov. The technique was used to describe the granite structures of the Salminsky pluton (Karelia) and the Akzhailau massif (Kazakhstan) and is potentially applicable for the monotonous strata differentiation, section correlation, or wherever an unambiguous, reproducible determination of petrographic structures is needed. An important promising task of the method is to extract rocks' genetic information from the obtained data.

scholarly journals SIMPLIFIED NUMERICAL FORM OF UNIVERSAL FINITE TYPE INVARIANT OF GAUSS WORDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 1350037
Author(s):  
TOMONORI FUKUNAGA ◽  
TAKAYUKI YAMAGUCHI ◽  
TAKAAKI YAMANOI
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Finite Type ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Finite Type Invariants ◽  
Partial Classification ◽  
Type Invariant

In this paper, we study the finite type invariants of Gauss words. In the Polyak algebra techniques, we reduce the determination of the group structure to transformation of a matrix into its Smith normal form and we give the simplified form of a universal finite type invariant by means of the isomorphism of this transformation. The advantage of this process is that we can implement it as a computer program. We obtain the universal finite type invariant of degrees 4, 5 and 6 explicitly. Moreover, as an application, we give the complete classification of Gauss words of rank 4 and the partial classification of Gauss words of rank 5 where the distinction of only one pair remains.

scholarly journals Estimation of the condition and approaches to the rehabilitation of the geological environment disordered as a result of construction and anthropogenic activities

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1140-1157
Author(s):  
Konstantin L. Chertes ◽  
Alexander M. Shterenberg ◽  
Elena N. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The paper considers the issue of estimation of disordered areas as a result of construction and anthropogenic activities and suggests strategies for solving this problem by the example of the Samara region. Materials and methods. The article applies the generally accepted methods and research conducted by employees of Samara State Technical University. The sources of initial data are reports of state authorities. The subjects of the study are engineering-geological environmental elements, industrial facilities, polluting components and surface and Groundwater bodies. Results. The paper proposes a ranking-system for estimation of disorder areas and classification by areas of economic activity. The article provides the classification of the impact of technological losses of enterprises, the activity of which leads to the disruption of the geological environment. A resource and ecological approach for technogenic deposits of various substances and a strategy for their use and subsequent environmental restoration are proposed. The research presents the results of technogenic deposit 3D simulation as well as approaches to their interpretation. Conclusions. The developed approach and methodological basis for the analysis of the geological system, including the technogenic lens allow evaluating, analyzing, and predicting the migration of human-made lenses formed as a result of construction and economic activity. A resource-based and ecological approach was used for the simultaneous collection of pollutant fluids and the rehabilitation of the geological environment. The article recommends to use 3D digital simulation methods to increase the efficiency of research and predict the number of substances in the depths. The methods apply to human-made deposits, subject to the determination of the ambiance filtration characteristics by water and fluid. It is proposed to use biodegradable surfactants as a method of geological environment rehabilitation. This choice is stipulated by the fact that surfactants allow “washing” the rocks without increasing the burden on the environment. An alternative method is proposed for predicting fluid migration due to the description of the geosystem as a system of forced oscillations. The method allows predicting the periods of the most efficient oil production and designated engineering protection methods.

scholarly journals BCSA Rawmix Design: Correlation between Chemical Constituents and Mineralogy

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Palla ◽  
Suresh Vanguri ◽  
S Ramakrishna ◽  
S K Chaturvedi ◽  
B N Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Calcium Sulphoaluminate ◽  
The Impact

The cement industry has been identified as one of the main contributors to climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2. Therefore, to meet CO2 reduction targets, cement producers are working on different methods of minimizing its emission, one of which is alternative clinkers. This study assessed the impact of variations of the raw mix design, concerning the type and proportions of materials, on the formation of calcium sulphoaluminate belite-type clinkers. Various materials were used to produce raw mixes for different percentages of belite, yeeliminite, and other minerals in resultant clinkers. Computer-based theoretical mix designs were designed with different percentages of SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SO3 and then the designed mixes were fired in a laboratory furnace at 1250oC with 20 min retention time. The resultant clinker samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction for product minerals. The quantification of minerals in every sample was carried out with Rietveld refinement. The obtained results confirmed the correlation between the mineralogy and chemical constituents in the raw mix. The C4AF percentage of the resultant clinker samples increased with an increase in Fe2O3 percentage. C4A3$ content varied with the amounts of Al2O3, SO3, and CaO. The mineral percentage of C2S in the designed mixes had a clear correlation with the constituents of SiO2 and CaO. Anhydrite percentage in the resultant minerals changed with the SO3 content in the raw mix. These results should aid in the determination of the optimum amount of chemical constituents and minerals required for the development of calcium sulphoaluminate clinker.

On-Line Determination of Texture in Deep Drawing Steel Sheet by Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction

2012 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Min Yin ◽  
Quan Yang ◽  
Xiao Chen Wang ◽  
Fei He ◽  
You Zhao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Orientation Distribution Function ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

This paper described the application of a diffraction system based on X-ray area detector on pole figure measurement as well as corresponding computation of orientation distribution functions and the principle of rapid measurement texture. The impact of calculates the orientation distribution function on the conditions of the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction was analyzed; this was illustrated by an example of deep drawing steel sheets texture measurement. ̙̈́˰͇̱̓˰̶̴̿̾ͅ˰̸̱̈́̈́˰̷̱̹͂̿̈́̈́̾˰̸̵̈́˰͇̈́̿˽̴̵̹̹̱̼̽̾̓̿̾˰̴̵̵̳̈́̈́̿͂˰̈́̿˰̸̵̈́˰̵̱̹̱̀̀͂̿̀͂̈́˰̂θ position then fix it, reduce the sample rotation; the texture determination time can be significantly reduced. Reduce the Measuring range of angle χ˰̴̱̾ φ˰̴̵̿̓˰̾̿̈́˰̶̶̵̱̳̈́˰̸̵̈́ calculation of orientation distribution function, it also can significantly reduce the measurement of diffraction data. Several technical problems appeared on the on-line determination of texture based on an X-ray two-dimensional detector system and the possibility to improve the measurement speed and accuracy in the industrial production applications were then discussed.

scholarly journals Adequacy of methodologies for determining SCS / CN in a watershed with characteristics of the Pampa biome

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zandra Almeida da Cunha ◽  
Samuel Beskow ◽  
Maíra Martim de Moura ◽  
Tamara Leitzke Caldeira Beskow ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Service Curve ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Events

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Model is a conceptual model intended for estimating effective rainfall (ER). This model is grounded in a parameter – referred to as Curve Number (CN), which is determined from information on the characteristics of the watershed. The Standard Method (M1) for determining the CN is based on soil and land-use tables; however, some authors have proposed alternative methodologies for defining the CN value from monitored rainfall-runoff events, such as those described by Hawkins (1993) (M2), Soulis and Valiantzas (2012) (M3), and Soulis and Valiantzas (2013) (M4). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using these methods for determination of the CN parameter on the estimation of ER, taking as reference forty rainfall-runoff events monitored between 2015 and 2018 in the Cadeia River Watershed, which has characteristics of the Pampa biome. The different methods assessed for definition of the CN parameter resulted in contrasting performances with respect to the estimation of ER for CRW, as the following findings: i) M1 gave ER values with little reliability, mainly due to the classification of antecedent moisture content classes; ii) M3 provided the best results in determining ER, followed by M2; and iii) the ER values estimated according to M4 differed from those observed, mainly for events with lower rainfall depths.

scholarly journals Field Spectroscopy Applied to the Kaolinite Polytypes Identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Andrea García-Vicente ◽  
Adrián Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Morales ◽  
Emilia García-Romero ◽  
Mercedes Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement

A detailed characterization of a group of kaolin samples rich in some minerals of the kaolinite group was done. The mineralogical and structural characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with the study of the spectroscopy response in visible-near infrared and short wave (VNIR–SWIR), and the main objective was the determination of kaolinite polytypes. The XRD patterns group the samples according to the kaolinite polytype into five kaolinites, two dickites and six halloysites. Diagnostic peaks for kaolinite, dickite polytypes and halloysite were identified in the spectra and in the second derivative of the SWIR region. The position and intensity of the peaks in the second derivative were statistically treated with the aim of classifying the spectra according to the polytype. In good agreement with the XRD results, the statistical analysis of the spectroscopic data, both by cluster analysis and by principal components analysis, allows an unequivocal classification of the samples according to the polytype from their VNIR–SWIR spectra.

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