scholarly journals Computational Insights of the Interaction among Sea Anemones Neurotoxins and Kv1.3 Channel

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. BBI.S13403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Sabogal-Arango ◽  
George E. Barreto ◽  
David Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Juan González-Mendoza ◽  
Viviana Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Selectivity Filter ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Kv1.3 Channel ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common

Sea anemone neurotoxins are peptides that interact with Na+ and K+ channels, resulting in specific alterations on their functions. Some of these neurotoxins (1ROO, 1BGK, 2K9E, 1BEI) are important for the treatment of about 80 autoimmune disorders because of their specificity for Kv1.3 channel. The aim of this study was to identify the common residues among these neurotoxins by computational methods, and establish whether there is a pattern useful for the future generation of a treatment for autoimmune diseases. Our results showed eight new key common residues between the studied neurotoxins interacting with a histidine ring and the selectivity filter of the receptor, thus showing a possible pattern of interaction. This knowledge may serve as an input for the design of more promising drugs for autoimmune treatments.

scholarly journals Neurotoxin localization to ectodermal gland cells uncovers an alternative mechanism of venom delivery in sea anemones

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1732) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehu Moran ◽  
Grigory Genikhovich ◽  
Dalia Gordon ◽  
Stefanie Wienkoop ◽  
Claudia Zenkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Common View ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
The Common

Jellyfish, hydras, corals and sea anemones (phylum Cnidaria) are known for their venomous stinging cells, nematocytes, used for prey and defence. Here we show, however, that the potent Type I neurotoxin of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis , Nv1, is confined to ectodermal gland cells rather than nematocytes. We demonstrate massive Nv1 secretion upon encounter with a crustacean prey. Concomitant discharge of nematocysts probably pierces the prey, expediting toxin penetration. Toxin efficiency in sea water is further demonstrated by the rapid paralysis of fish or crustacean larvae upon application of recombinant Nv1 into their medium. Analysis of other anemone species reveals that in Anthopleura elegantissima , Type I neurotoxins also appear in gland cells, whereas in the common species Anemonia viridis , Type I toxins are localized to both nematocytes and ectodermal gland cells. The nematocyte-based and gland cell-based envenomation mechanisms may reflect substantial differences in the ecology and feeding habits of sea anemone species. Overall, the immunolocalization of neurotoxins to gland cells changes the common view in the literature that sea anemone neurotoxins are produced and delivered only by stinging nematocytes, and raises the possibility that this toxin-secretion mechanism is an ancestral evolutionary state of the venom delivery machinery in sea anemones.

Perancangan Kursi dengan Konsep Space-Saving Furniture dan Eco-Design pada Apartemen di DKI Jakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pringgo Widyo Laksono ◽  
Bambang Suhardi ◽  
Emirsyah Muhaimin
Keyword(s):  
Future Generation ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common

<em>Limited space in apartment force the resident to use their space effectively and efficiently. The resident need a furniture that can save the space and easy to be move. Furthermore, the furniture’s material has to be eco-friendly in order to make a better environment for the future generation. One of the common furniture is chair. Based on survey of 20 apartment resident in Jakarta, the resident stated 12 feature of chair: easy to move (15%); eco-friendly material (35%); foldable (25%), hangable (15%), simple (30%), storage (30%), space-saving (35%), durable (10%), multifunction (25%), comfortable (50%), provide backrest (10%), and aesthetic (5%). These costumer statements have generate 4 design concept that can fulfil the requirements. First concept is a storage chair with HDPE material. Second concept is a storage chair with plywood material. Third concept is an easy-saving chair with HDPE material. Fourth concept is an easy-saving chair with plywood material.</em>

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KAJIAN KONSEPTUAL DAN KEMUNGKINAN IMPLEMENTASI

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
I G. A. K. Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Future ◽  
Good Manner ◽  
Changing World

Facing the rapid changing world, concern on the future of the nation is increasing. This is due to the fact that a lot of practices in schools, families, as welf as in society do not conform with the etical conduct, moral, and good manner that are universially accepted by human being. Therefore, all people who concern on the future of the nation, especially educators, should aware of the importance of character education, in order to save the future generation from moral degradation. Related to the problem, this aims at trigerring the awareness of educator to the importance of character education, by discussing the conceptual meanings ( what, why, and how) of character education, then followed by the possibility for implementation, and ended with the implication on education and teacher education.

Hyperstimulation of the immune system as a cause of autoimmune diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Varvara A. Ryabkova ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov ◽  
Yehuda Shoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
The Common

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is very complex and multi-factorial. The concept of Mosaics of Autoimmunity was introduced to the scientific community 30 years ago by Y. Shoenfeld and D.A. Isenberg, and since then new tiles to the puzzle are continuously added. This concept specifies general pathological ideas about the multifactorial threshold model for polygenic inheritance with a threshold effect by the action of a number of external causal factors as applied to the field of autoimmunology. Among the external factors that can excessively stimulate the immune system, contributing to the development of autoimmune reactions, researchers are particularly interested in chemical substances, which are widely used in pharmacology and medicine. In this review we highlight the autoimmune dynamics i.e. a multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the subsequent development of lymphoma in some cases. In this context several issues are addressed namely, genetic basis of autoimmunity; environmental immunostimulatory risk factors; gene/environmental interaction; pre-clinical autoimmunity with the presence of autoantibodies; and the mechanisms, underlying lymphomagenesis in autoimmune pathology. We believe that understanding the common model of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is the first step to their successful management.

NAMING OF BASOTHO MEDICINAL PLANTS: SEMANTIC CONNECTION TO THEIR REMEDIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Possa ◽  
P Khotso
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Medical Plants

The indigenous knowledge of the Basotho makes it simple for this speech community to name their traditional medicinal plants in such a way that they are meaningful; this could also be viewed as an empowerment technique, especially in the economic sphere. Their medicinal plants names seem to be idiomatic and to express certain philosophies of the Basotho society. Creativity is observable in this kind of naming, and many names allude to the kind of remedy that is associated with the medicinal plant. It is therefore the interest of this paper to consider the names of medical plants among the Basotho whose names allude to the remedy they provide. The names of Sesotho medicinal plants and the reasoning of the Basotho in general behind the name and the use of each medicinal plant will be discussed in this article. This paper will further preserve and promote the use of Basotho traditional medicines for the future generation.

COVID-19: a Great Mime or a Trigger Event of Autoimmune Manifestations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Celeste Fatone
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Trigger Event ◽  
The Common ◽  
Microvascular Inflammation ◽  
Autoimmune Phenomena

: Viruses can induce autoimmune diseases, in addition to genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Particularly, coronaviruses are mentioned among the viruses implicated in autoimmunity. Today, the world's greatest threat derives from the pandemic of a new human coronavirus, called “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), the responsible agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China in December 2019 and, to date, has spread to at least 187 countries. This review focuses on autoimmune manifestations described during COVID-19, including pro-thrombothic state associated to antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), acute interstitial pneumonia, macrophage activation syndrome, lymphocytopenia, systemic vasculitis, and autoimmune skin lesions. This offers the opportunity to highlight the pathogenetic mechanisms common to COVID19 and several autoimmune diseases, in order to identify new therapeutic targets. In a supposed preliminary pathogenetic model, SARS-CoV-2 plays a direct role in triggering widespread microthrombosis and microvascular inflammation, because it is able to induce transient aPL, endothelial damage and complement activation at the same time. Hence, endothelium might represent the common pathway in which autoimmunity and infection converge. In addition, autoimmune phenomena in COVID-19 can be explained by regulatory T cells impairment and cytokines cascade.

scholarly journals 34 Inspiring the future generation of oncologists: a UK-wide study of medical students’ views towards oncology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Rallis ◽  
Anna Maria Wozniak ◽  
Sara Hui ◽  
Marios Nicolaides ◽  
Neha Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
The Future
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