scholarly journals Ethical Considerations in Global Health for Obstetrician-Gynecologists

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CMWH.S7721
Author(s):  
Mary Rockers ◽  
John Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems

There is growing interest in the area of global health by obstetricians-gynecologists. As more of these physicians become involved in this important and exciting undertaking, the physicians are potentially exposed to situations in which they may have to deal with ethical questions that they may not have previously considered. Some of the principles which frame the ethical problems that obstetricians-gynecologists may encounter include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice. We believe that exposure to ethical principles and study of cases involving ethical issues will be of benefit to the physicians and their patients, and that this exposure takes place before these doctors are placed in the environments and circumstances they might face as they travel to distant locations.

scholarly journals Ethical issues relating to qualitative research

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jelsma ◽  
S. Clow
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Scientific Rigour ◽  
Hands On

Qualitative research or naturalistic research has moved from the sidelines into the mainstream of health research and an increasing number of qualitative research proposals are being presented for ethical review Qualitative research presents ethical problems that which are unique to the intensive hands-on paradigm which characterises naturalistic research. This paper briefly outlines the most common methodologies used in this research. The four ethical principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice will be used as a framework to explore specific ethical issues related to this form of inquiry. The need for scientific rigour will also be explored as research that is scientifically unsound can never be ethical.

ETHICAL ISSUES AND THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Oleg Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Analytical Review

The article is an analytical review of English-language articles on contemporary ethical issues related to the coronavirus epidemic. Such principles of biomedical ethics as respect for the freedom of the patient, non-harm are analyzed. A precautionary approach is formulated, the main norms of which are practicality, impartiality, proportionality and justification. It is emphasized that public health advice and action should be part of a broader effort to gain and maintain confidence in the action taken. Reasonable trust requires a serious attitude to the ethical problems associated with the implementation of the intended ethical principles.

scholarly journals Lebanese Doctors Facing the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Practical and Ethical Issues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gebara ◽  
Georges Dabar ◽  
Roland Eid ◽  
Fady Ghassan Haddad ◽  
Hampig Raphael Kourie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of health care providers is essential to maintain the functioning of the health care system. Physicians accept a primary ethical duty to place the wellbeing and health of their patients above their own welfares. However, does the duty to patient well-being have any limit? Two ethical concerns are debated: public health’s ethical principles and medical ethics values. We aimed in this study to assess Lebanese physicians’ attitudes, practice and ethical considerations when treating their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods: It’s a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2020 among a random sample of Lebanese physicians, using a questionnaire based mainly on a five-point Likert numerical scale to make the answers more reliable and valid. The questionnaire focused on the medical practice during the pandemic and the ethical considerations in public health and in medical practice. It also evaluates the physicians’ point of view toward the management of the pandemic in Lebanon. Results: A total of 318 physicians responded, with a mean age of 40 years. Five doctors of the total were affected by the COVID-19 infection (1.6%). 51.4% of medical specialists considered themselves to be at a higher risk of contracting the infection, while 52.3% of surgeons stated that they were at a lower risk. Doctors were neutral regarding treating patients according to any priority and discontinuing the ventilation of any patient with bad prognosis. The majority of doctors disagreed regarding the respect of the patient’s autonomy in refusing COVID-19 treatment with a mean score of 1.7/5. Finally, doctors expressed a neutral opinion regarding the ability of the country to manage such a pandemic with a mean score of 3.1/5. Conclusion: Although physicians recognize that they are at high risk of contracting COVID-19, they assume their responsibilities and their duty to treat, and they were neutral against any prioritization in treatment approach. However, applying the four ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice) may become challenging. Hence, more medical and ethical recommendations are required to guide physicians during this pandemic.

Globalization and the Failure of Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Host Country ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Risky Technology

Abstract:As the 21st century breaks upon us, no ethical issues in business appear as significant as those being created by the rapid globalization of business. Globalization has created numerous ethical problems for the manager of the multinational corporation. What does justice demand, for example, in the relations between a multinational and its host country, particularly when that country is less developed? Should human rights principles govern the relations between a multinational and the workers of a host country, and if so, which principles are the correct ones? How should a multinational deal with a government in which corruption is rife? What are the ethical considerations involved in determining whether and how to transfer a risky technology to a country whose people may not be able to safely absorb that technology? What kind of labor and environmental standards should a multinational adopt when operating in a country whose government legislates only very low standards?

Ethical considerations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Streiner ◽  
Geoffrey R. Norman ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Consequential Validity ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Majority Population

Although studies of the psychometric properties of scales do not have the same ethical challenges as those involving interventions, there are still areas that researchers need to be sensitive to. These include issues such as informed consent, especially with vulnerable populations, and deception. This chapter also discusses confidentiality, and when this can be breached for legal reasons. It also returns to the issue of consequential validity and the ethical issues that may arise when minority or disadvantaged groups attain scores that are different from those of the majority population. This chapter discusses these and other ethical problems that may arise within the context of developing and validating scales.

Ethical Issues in Rural Nursing Practice in Botswana

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A Akinsola
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Professional Misconduct ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Rural Nursing ◽  
The Uk

The concern for ethical principles and values is not limited to health professionals alone. However, ethical principles in nursing act as safety valves for social control to prevent professional misconduct and abuse of the rights of clients. As a result of colonial experience, developing countries like Botswana usually follow the European lead, especially examples from the UK. This article examines the ethical problems and dilemmas associated with rural nursing practice in Botswana, a developing country in sub-Saharan Africa. The major ethical problems identified are related to the distribution of and access to health resources in rural communities. It is proposed that nurses must assume responsibility in the field of access and allocation by working collaboratively with governments and other professional bodies, and that nurses as a global community must work together as a team to support each other.

scholarly journals Bringing ethics into governance: the case of the UK COVID-19 contact tracing app

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Federica Lucivero
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
App Development ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Governance Processes

PurposeIn April 2020, it was announced that NHSX, a unit of the UK National Health Service (NHS) responsible for digital innovation, was developing a contact tracing app that would offer a digital solution to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the urgency with which the app was developed, a clear commitment was made to designing the technology in a way that enshrined key ethical principles, and an ethics advisory board (EAB) was established to provide timely advice, guidance and recommendations on associated ethical issues. Alongside this, there were extensive criticisms of how NHSX adhered to ethical principles in the handling of the app development-criticisms that require empirical exploration. This paper explores how ethics was incorporated into decision-making during governance processes associated with the development of app.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with those involved in the app's development/governance, those with a consulting role associated with the app, or those who sat on the EAB.FindingsThe EAB fulfilled an important role by introducing ethical considerations to app developers. Though at times, it was difficult to accommodate key ethics principles into governance processes, which sometimes suffered from little accountability.Originality/valueWhile several articles have provided overviews of ethical issues, or explored public perceptions towards contact tracing apps, to the best the authors, knowledge this is the first empirical piece analysing ethics governance issues via stakeholder interviews.

scholarly journals Lebanese Doctors Facing the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Practical and Ethical Issues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gebara ◽  
Georges Dabar ◽  
Roland Eid ◽  
Fady Ghassan Haddad ◽  
Hampig Raphael Kourie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of health care providers is essential to maintain the functioning of the health care system. Physicians accept a primary ethical duty to place the well-being and health of their patients above their own welfares. However, does the duty to patient well-being have any limit? Two ethical concerns are debated: public health’s ethical principles and medical ethics values. We aimed in this study to assess Lebanese physicians’ attitudes, practice and ethical considerations when treating their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods It’s a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2019 among a random sample of Lebanese physicians, using a questionnaire based mainly on a five-point Likert numerical scale to make the answers more reliable and valid. The questionnaire focused on the medical practice during the pandemic and the ethical considerations in public health and in medical practice. It also evaluates the physicians’ point of view toward the management of the pandemic in Lebanon. Results A total of 318 physicians responded, with a mean age of 40 years. Five doctors of the total were affected by the COVID-19 infection (1.6%). 51.4% of medical specialists considered themselves to be at a higher risk of contracting the infection, while 52.3% of surgeons stated that they were at a lower risk. Doctors expressed a neutral position regarding the prioritization of patients during treatment and the disconnection of patients with poor prognosis from ventilators to treat other patients. The majority of doctors disagreed regarding the respect of the patient’s autonomy in refusing COVID-19 treatment with a mean score of 1.7/5. Finally, doctors expressed a neutral opinion regarding the ability of the country to manage such a pandemic with a mean score of 3.1/5. Conclusion Although physicians recognize that they are at high risk of contracting COVID-19, they assume their responsibilities and their duty to treat, and they were neutral against any prioritization in treatment approach. However, applying the four ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice) may become challenging. Hence, more medical and ethical recommendations are required to guide physicians during this pandemic.

Utilising Indigenous Knowledge or Crime against Humanity?: A Critical Engagement with the Debate Generated by Alick Macheso’s Use of Manhood to Treat Nhova (Sunken Fontanelle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tembo ◽  
Allan Maganga ◽  
Peterson Dewah
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
African Ethics ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Face ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Points Of View

 This article presents various points of view regarding the treatment of sunken fontanelle by various communities as ignited by the controversial practice of kutara(a practice that involves the father of a child sliding his penis from the lower part of the left and right cheeks to the top of the head, as well as from the lower part of the face to the top of the head, and from the lower back part of the head to the top). The story of Alick Macheso’s use of his manhood to treat nhova (sunken fontanelle) opened a Pandora’s box. The story not only attracted the attention of critics from diverse cultural and ethical backgrounds, but revealed multi-ethnic positions. That is, reactions were steeped in a multiplicity of intellectual, religious and even cultural grounding. Reactions ranged from accusations of backwardness and absurdity, through to medical and Christian orientations toward the treatment of nhova. The overarching idea is that there is a general tendency to dismiss the age-old practice of kutara,coupled with an uncritical celebration of certain positions. The debate that ensued following publication of the story seemed to revolve around ethical considerations. The school of thought that dismisses kutara with disdain regards it as unethical and unimaginable in the present-day world—it is redolent with insinuations of absurdity on the part of those that live and celebrate it. We contend that the raging debate that followed the publication of the story can best be conceptualised within the context of African ethics. We note that kutara has relevance to the spirituality, ethical values, privacy, and protection of children’s rights, among other ethical issues. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among information practitioners, scholars and researchers into the ethical issues surrounding the treatment of sunken fontanelle in various African communities. It argues for an Afrocentric conceptualisation of phenomena in order to contribute to debates on the renaissance of African cultures, and stresses that it is imperative to harness the life-furthering age-old traditions in African ontological existence.

Recruitment Policies of Non-EU/EEA Nurses and Ethical Issues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angèle Flora Mendy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Ethical Argument ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Institutional Legacies

By examining policies of recruiting non-EU/EEA health workers and how ethical considerations are taken into account when employing non-EU/EEA nurses in the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland, this chapter intends to show that the use of the so-called ‘ethical’ argument to convince national public opinion of the relevance of restrictive recruitment policies is recent (since the 1990s). The analysis highlights the fact that in addition to the institutional legacies, qualification and skills—through the process of their recognition—play an important role in the opening or restriction of the labour market to health professionals from the Global South. The legacy of the past also largely determines the place offered to non-EU/EEA health professionals in the different health systems of host countries.

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