Grazing behaviour and weight change of cattle turned out to pasture in spring

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
R. W. Jannasch ◽  
J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Late Group ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

In the first of two trials, 20 Hereford steers were allocated to two adjacent 1.6-ha pastures on 29 May 1996. Steers in one pasture were given no supplement, while those in the other received supplemental silage each day. All steers on each treatment grazed their allocated paddock continuously for 28 d. Steers on pasture were weighed and their behaviour was monitored periodically throughout the 4 wk of grazing. The dry matter (DM) availability at turnout (651 kg hd-1) was considered in excess to requirement, since neither availability nor sward height declined over 28 d. In spite of this, steers lost 15 kg after turnout and took 12 d to regain their initial weight. There were no treatment effects. Nutrient composition of the sward changed in accordance with advancing maturity. Percent of time observed grazing (51%) did not change over the 28-d period; however, rumination time increased from around 10 to 30%. Grazing behaviour was similar for steers on both treatments. Silage intake averaged only 1.3 kg DM hd-1d-1. In 1997, 28 yearling steers were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to study the effect of turnout date to pasture [21 May (E) vs. 4 June (L)] and supplemental silage feeding on weight change, grazing behaviour, pasture productivity and forage quality over 28 d. The DM availability at turnout was 391 kg hd-1. Available DM and sward height declined in both early and late treatments after turnout. The early group had to be removed from the trial after 16 d when sward height dropped below 4 cm. Sward quali ty after turnout declined only for the late group. Loss of body weight (BW) and days to regain initial BW after turnout were greater for early versus late steers. Steers ate only 0.5 kg silage DM hd-1d-1, but this reduced weight loss in late steers. Cattle turned out later spent less time grazing (P < 0.001 at 5 and 14 d) but no less time ruminating. Transient weight loss associated with turnout to pasture cannot be wholly explained by behavioural patterns. Other factors, such as altered ruminal conditions, must also play an important role. Key words: Pasture, steer performance, grazing behaviour, weight change

Effect of early nutrition intervention on advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17504-e17504
Author(s):  
Lingbin Meng ◽  
Xiaochun Xu ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Tarek Mekhail
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Treatment Tolerance ◽  
Late Group

e17504 Background: Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) frequently developed the problem of malnutrition at the time of diagnosis. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can even worsen the situation. Therefore, nutritional intervention should be applied to prevent CRT-associated weight loss and interruption of CRT. However, it is still controversial if early nutritional intervention is beneficial to NPC patients with CRT. This study is to investigate the influence of early nutritional intervention on advanced NPC patients with CRT by evaluating the nutritional status and CRT treatment tolerance. Methods: A cohort of 78 stage III-IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was divided into early (n = 46) and late (n = 32) nutrition intervention groups. The early group of patients received nutritional support at the beginning of CRT, whereas the late group received such a support until development of the side effects, like 50% required oral dietary intake or > 10% weight loss. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline clinical characteristics between these two groups, suggesting that no selection bias occurred. Both groups of patients had weight loss at the end of CRT and 3 months thereafter. However, at the later time point, the early group started to regain their weight, while the late group continued to lose weight. At both time points, the early group had a lower percentage of weight loss than the late group. Similar results were also obtained for BMI, albumin, and pre-albumin levels (All p< 0.05). Besides, the early group showed a lower rate of advanced mucositis, a lower percentage of patients with more than 3 days RT breaks, fewer days of RT delayed for toxicity, and a lower percentage of patients with unplanned hospitalizations (All p< 0.05). A linear correlation was also found between the percentage of weight loss and the number of days of RT delayed. Conclusions: Early nutritional intervention provides beneficial outcomes to NPC patients by maintaining their nutritional status and enhancing CRT treatment tolerance. Our results also indicated early nutrition intervention may reduce the hospital cost and improve patients’ life quality.

Weight Changes after Vertical Banded Gastroplication

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
J J Lara ◽  
L Murray ◽  
R Carter ◽  
R Stuart ◽  
M E J Lean
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Initial Weight Loss

Aims: This study assessed the patterns of weight change in response to surgical treatment for obesity. Methods: Vertical Banded Gastroplication (VBG) was performed during the period 1994–2000. Patients were required to follow a liquid diet (8oo kcals) for 12 weeks before surgery. The same diet plus a multivitamin capsule (Forceval) was followed for 12 weeks postoperatively, after which normal foods were introduced. Data from 23 patients, 16 women and 7 men, aged 33–63 years (mean, SD; 42±8yrs), with BMI from 38 to 69 kg/m2 (52.5 ± 8.1 kg/m2) at the time of the surgery were available for analysis. Follow up was 3 to 7 years (mean 4 years). Results: An initial weight loss of 44.4 ± 24.3 kg (min 11.5, max 110.5 kg) was reached during the first two years (mean BMI decrease 15.8 kg/m2). However a regain in weight (36% of the initial weight loss = 5.6 kg/m2) up to 3 to 7 years after surgery was usual. Average annual regain was 13.6 kg (n=17), 9.45 kg (n=11) and 0.8 kg (n=8) during the 3rd, 4th and 5th year after surgery). Five participants reached a BMI below 30 but only one, BMI<25, has maintained all the weight loss after 5 years. Conclusions: Weight loss following VBG ceased after two years with a subsequent substantial weight regain. Auxiliary therapies to counteract weight regain are necessary after VBG.

The value of Atriplex (Saltbush) and Kochia (Bluebush) species as food for sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Intake

Penned sheep were fed on species of Atriplex or Kochia, either alone or as supplements to a roughage diet. The intake and digestibility of the diets, and the weight change of the sheep were recorded. The digestible dry matter intake of A. nummularia and A. vesicaria was sufficient for maintenance of the sheep, provided that fresh water was available. There was little seasonal change in the quality of the Atriglex diets. The intake of a protein-deficient roughage was not altered by the addition of 150 g dry matter of Atriplex or Kochia as a supplement. Body weight loss was decreased or gain increased, but neither significantly, by the addition of these supplements which were high in nitrogen.

scholarly journals The Effect of Frequency of Fresh Pasture Allocation on Pasture Utilisation and the Performance of High Yielding Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2176
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Pollock ◽  
Alan W. Gordon ◽  
Kathryn M. Huson ◽  
Deborah A. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
High Production ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Pasture allocation frequency (PAF) can influence pasture availability and grazing behaviour, which subsequently may impact on animal performance. Limited research to-date has investigated grazing management methods to improve the performance of high production dairy cows whilst also achieving high grass utilisation rates. This study evaluated the effect of three different PAF’s (12, 24 and 36 h) on pasture utilisation, the performance of high yielding dairy cows and the interaction with parity. The experiment included two 60-day periods, 90 spring calving dairy cows (27 primiparous animals) in period one and 87 (24 primiparous animals) in period two. The average pre-grazing sward height (11.4 cm) was similar for all treatments in both periods. In period one, pasture utilisation rate was significantly higher (8%) in the 36 h compared to the 12 h treatment. In period two, milk energy output was significantly greater for primiparous animals in the 36 h treatment relative to the other treatments.

The effect of sward height on grazing behaviour and herbage intake of three sizes of Charolais cattle grazing cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) swards

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ferrer Cazcarra ◽  
M. Petit ◽  
P. D'hour
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Charolais Cattle ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

AbstractMature non-lactating cows, 18-month-old heifersand7-month-oldfemale calves of the Charolais breed (eight animals of each age) were strip-grazedon short (S, sward surface height: 7·5 cm), medium (M,10·2 cm) and tall (T, 21·1 cm) cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) swards at a daily herbage allowance of 40 g dry matter per kg live weight over three 15-day experimental periods. The swards were leafy regrowths of 1 (S), 2 (M)and 3·5 (T)weeks of age. Herbage intake was estimated by the n-alkane method, and grazing behaviour was recorded visually.Intakes per kg live weight of calves and heifers were higher than those of cows on all swards(P < 0·01). Calves tended to maintain intake, whereas cows and heifers reduced their intake as sward height decreased. Bite weight decreased linearly with sward height, this decrease being greater for larger animals (P < 0·001). As sward height decreased, the scaling factor of bite weight to live weight decreased. Biting rates increased as sward height decreased (P < 0·001) and were lower in calves than in older cattle (P < 0·001). Calves had lower intake rates per kg live weight than cows in T swards, and the reverse was true in S swards (P < 0·001). Younger cattle always grazed longer than cows, but differences were reduced as sward height decreased (P < 0·01). Cows and heifers wereunable to increase their grazing time sufficiently to compensate for lower intake rates in S and M swards, resulting in reduced herbage intakes. Faecal markers and grazing behaviour suggested a greater selectivity by calves compared with older cattle.

scholarly journals Increase of non-HBV, non-HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma - Over 20 years single institution study-

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nagaoki ◽  
Hideyuki Hyogo ◽  
Yuwa Ando ◽  
Yumi Kosaka ◽  
Shinsuke Uchikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Late Group

Abstract Background We previously reported the trends of etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 1995 and 2009. By updating this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence of HCC with non- hepatitis B viral and non- hepatitis C viral (NBNC) etiologies and also explore the clinical characteristics. Methods Consecutive 2171 HCC patients at our institution were enrolled between 1992 and 2018 in this retrospective cohort study. A comparative study was conducted by dividing into two groups, an early group from 1992 to 2009 and a late group from 2010 to 2018. Results NBNC-HCC account for 514 patients (23.6%). The proportion of NBNC-HCC has continued to increase from 26.5% in 2009 to 46.3% in 2018. NBNC-HCC were getting older (median ages, 67 to 73 years). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (48.5–60.3%: P = 0.008), hypertension (48.5–57.4%: P = 0.047), and hyperlipidemia (39.2–53.8%: P = 0.001) has increased significantly in recent years. The median FIB-4 index have decreased (4.37 to 3.61: P = 0.026) and the median platelet counts have increased (15.1 to 17.9: P = 0.013) significantly. Among 514 NBNC-HCC, 194 patients underwent hepatic resection in which 14.9%, 29.3%, and 55.8% were based on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and cryptogenic, respectively. Cirrhosis was detected in 72.4%, 38.6%, and 15.5% of NASH, ALD and cryptogenic, respectively. The prevalence of cirrhosis in NASH were significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.001), overall, 70% of the background liver of NBNC-HCC was not cirrhosis. On the other hands, the median FIB-4 index in cryptogenic HCC were 2.56 and significantly lower than other groups, FIB-4 index considered as one of useful screening of HCC. Conclusions NBNC-HCC has rapidly been increasing in recent years even in regional university hospital. The presence of metabolic syndrome may be important risk factors. Also, HCC from non-cirrhotic liver needs attention. Accordingly, it is speculated that these patients should receive periodic surveillance for HCC development.

scholarly journals Determinants of Weight Loss in an Interdisciplinary Long-Term Care Program for Childhood Obesity

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dubuisson ◽  
F. R. Zech ◽  
M. M. Dassy ◽  
N. B. Jodogne ◽  
V. M. Beauloye
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Baseline Factors

Background. Efforts are needed to improve the long-term efficiency of childhood obesity treatment. To adapt strategies, the identification of subgroups of patients with a greater weight loss may be useful. Objective. To analyze the results of a chronic care program for childhood obesity and to determine baseline factors (medical, dietary, and psychosocial) associated with successful weight loss. Subjects and Method. We set up a family-targeted and individually adapted interdisciplinary long-term care program. We reviewed the medical files of 144 children (59 boys and 85 girls;  y; mean BMI-z-score: ) who had ≥2 interdisciplinary visits and ≥1-year treatment. Results. Mean treatment length was 2.2 y (1–6.7 y) with visits/year. The duration of treatment did not depend on the initial weight loss, but this was predictive of the weight change over time. Furthermore any additional weight loss was observed with time whatever the initial weight change. High levels of physical activity and daily water intake from baseline conditions were associated with a greater weight loss after 9 months of intervention. In contrast, a high baseline consumption of soft drinks resulted in lower weight loss. Family specific factors such as being a single child or the child’s family support were identified as baseline factors which may contribute to better results. Conclusion. Our study suggests that the benefit of a chronic weight control program supports the need for its integration into the current concept of treatment. Better prevention policy and parental support may improve the success of the childhood obesity treatment.

Effects of two paths of live-weight change on the efficiency of feed use and on body composition of Angus steers

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Z. Foot ◽  
N. M. Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Preliminary Group

SUMMARYThis paper describes the effect of two paths of weight change on the total feed consumed and on body composition at slaughter of Angus steers. The treatments were: a 15% weight loss from 330 kg live weight, at 0·5 kg/day for 100 days, followed by recovery to 330 kg on ad libitum feed intake (WL/WG group), and constant weight at 330 kg for the same length of time as corresponding paired animals in the WL/WG group took to complete their treatment (constant-weight group). There were six animals in each group and they were slaughtered when the WL/WG steers reached 330 kg. At the beginning of the experiment four animals (preliminary group) were slaughtered at 330 kg.Intakes of feed were recorded and measurements of apparent dry-matter digestibility were made at intervals. Chemical analyses were carried out on the right side of each carcass and on the other components of the body.The mean total intake of the WL/WG group was 12% less than that of the constant-weight group. The daily dry-matter intake in the constant weight group decreased from 5·9 kg to 4·4 kg during the experiment.The time taken for the WL/WG steers to regain the 50 kg weight loss varied from 30 to 68 days. Their intakes at this time and their growth rates were similar to those that they experienced when they grew to 330 kg for the first time.Apparent digestibility varied between animals but was not influenced by treatment. The constant-weight group were fatter than the WL/WG group at slaughter and had heavier carcasses, both differences being significant (P < 0·05). The difference between groups in empty body weight was not significant. Animals from the final slaughter groups had significantly heavier heads and feet and a higher ash content than the younger steers of the preliminary group. Liver weights were reduced by nutritional restriction and did not fully recover in WL/WG steers.

scholarly journals Weight Change and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Postpartum Women with History of Gestational Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Lim ◽  
Vincent L. Versace ◽  
Sharleen O’Reilly ◽  
Edward Janus ◽  
James Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Weight Loss Group ◽  
History Of

Weight gain after childbirth is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) development after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The level of weight loss achieved in diabetes prevention programs for women after GDM is often low but its effects on the cardiometabolic risk are not known. In a secondary analysis of a diabetes prevention program in postpartum women with history of gestational diabetes, we evaluated the effect of weight change on the cardiometabolic outcomes at 1-year follow-up. Of the 284 women randomized to the intervention arm, 206 with the final outcome measurements were included in the analyses. Participants were categorized into weight loss (>2 kg, n = 74), weight stable (±2 kg, n = 74) or weight gain (>2 kg, n = 58) groups. The weight loss group had significantly greater decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than the weight gain group (−0.1 + 0.4% vs. 0 + 0.4%, p = 0.049). The weight loss group had significantly greater decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol cholesterol than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The weight gain group had significantly greater increase in triglyceride and triglyceride:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio compare with the other groups (p < 0.01). Overall, a small amount of weight loss and prevention of further weight gain was beneficial to the cardiometabolic outcomes of postpartum women after GDM.

scholarly journals An Earlier First Meal Timing Associate with Weight Loss Effectiveness in A 12-Week Weight Loss Support Program

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Mana Hatanaka ◽  
Yoichi Hatamoto ◽  
Eri Tajiri ◽  
Naoyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Group

Recent studies have reported that meal timing may play an important role in weight regulation, however it is unknown whether the timing of meals is related to the amount of weight loss. This study aimed to examine the relationship between indices of meal timing and weight loss during weight loss intervention in adults. A 12-week weight loss support program was conducted for 97 adults (age: 47.6 ± 8.3 years, BMI: 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2). After the program, body weight decreased by −3.0 ± 2.7%. Only the start of the eating window was positively correlated with the weight change rate in both sexes (men: r = 0.321, p = 0.022; women: r = 0.360, p = 0.014). The participants were divided into two groups based on the start of the eating window as follows: the early group (6:48 ± 0:21 AM) and the late group (8:11 ± 1:05 AM). The weight loss rate in the early group was significantly higher (−3.8 ± 2.7%) than that in the late group (−2.2 ± 2.5%). The present results showed that the start of the early eating window was associated with weight loss and suggested paying attention to meal timing when doing weight loss.

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