Effect of carbohydrase supplementation of wheat- and canola-meal-based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in group-housed weaned pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Zijlstra ◽  
S. Li ◽  
A. Owusu-Asiedu ◽  
P. H. Simmins ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

Fibrous components in canola meal and wheat limit their effective use in diets for weaned pigs. Effects of supplementing a carbohydrase (845 and 327 Units g-1 xylanase and β-glucanase) to a wheat-canola meal diet on growth performance, small intestine nutrient digestibility and digesta viscosity were investigated. Ninety-six weaned pigs (7.2 ± 1.2 kg) had free access to control diet [65% wheat, 25% canola meal; 3.15 Mcal digestible energy (DE) kg-1, 10.6 g digestible lysine kg-1] or control diet supplemented with carbohydrase at three inclusion rates (1, 2, or 4 g kg-1) for 28 d. Four pigs were housed per pen for six pens per diet. On days 19 to 21, six pigs per diet were euthanised to collect small intestine digesta. Carbohydrase increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) quadratically (P < 0.01) for days 1 to 28, resulting in 16% higher ADFI and 13% higher ADG for 2 g kg-1 carbohydrase compared to control. Carbohydrase did not affect feed efficiency (P > 0.10). The ADG was positively correlated to ADFI (r = 0.94; P < 0.01), but not to feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Carbohydrase did not affect digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy (P > 0.10). Carbohydrase at 4 g kg-1 only reduced digesta viscosity 30% in the distal small intestine compared to control (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase supplementation increased ADFI and thereby ADG, but not feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility, suggesting that reduction of dietary fibrous components using carbohydrase may stimulate voluntary feed intake of pigs fed diets limiting in DE. Key words: Carbohydrase, canola meal, wheat, pig, feed intake, digestibility

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase in a wheat-based diet containing canola meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, and short-chain fatty acid concentration in digesta when fed to weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A Mejicanos ◽  
Gemma González-Ortiz ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, digesta pH, and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of weaned pigs fed wheat–canola meal (CM) diets over a 35-d period. A total of 144 piglets (72 barrows and 72 gilts) weaned at 18 ± 2 d of age, with initial body weight (BW) of 6.2 ± 0.7 kg, received one of eight dietary treatments based on randomized complete block design. BW and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F). Treatments consisted of a control wheat–soybean meal-based diet and wheat-regular (RCM), dehulled (DCM), or coarse CM (CCM) without and with 16,000 BXU/kg xylanase (Econase XT). All diets contained 500 FTU/kg of phytase (Quantum Blue 5G) and titanium dioxide (0.3%). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), dry matter, and diet were determined. On day 35, one pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate the main factors of protein, xylanase supplementation, and sex on organ weight, ileal and colon digesta pH, and colon digesta concentrations of SCFA. The main factors did not affect growth performance. Xylanase supplementation improved nutrient digestibilities in all diets and increased ileal and colonic digesta pH without affecting the growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and CM-based diets. A protein–xylanase effect (P &lt; 0.05) resulted in increasing the ATTD of NDF from 28% to 32% and from 29% to 37% for RCM and DCM, respectively. The ATTD of CP was greater (P &lt; 0.05) with xylanase supplementation (75% vs. 70%). Xylanase supplementation increased ATTD of P and Ca. A three-way interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for protein–xylanase–gender for colon pH, acetic, and propionic acid in the colon digesta of pigs indicated that, in addition to the protein source, piglet sex could have influenced how xylanase works. Xylanase supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) the weight of the liver and spleen and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to increase the size of the kidney. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase increased nutrient digestibility and digesta pH but did not influence the growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and CM-based diets over a 35-d period.

scholarly journals 87 Xylanase effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, and short chain fatty acid concentration in colon digesta of weaned pigs fed wheat and canola meal-based diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Gustavo A Mejicanos ◽  
Charles M Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Weaned Pigs

Abstract This study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, digesta pH and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of weaned pigs fed wheat-canola meal-based diets over a 35-d period. A total of 144 piglets (6.2 ± 0.7 kg) received one of 8 diets based on a randomized complete block design. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency(G:F). Treatments consisted of a control wheat-SBM-based diet and wheat-regular (RCM), dehulled (DCM) or coarse (CCM) canola meal. All diets contained 500 phytase units (FTUs/kg; Quantum Blue-5G), and titanium-dioxide (0.3%), and were fed without and with 16,000 Birch-Xylan Units of xylanase (BXU/kg; Econase-XT). Apparent total tract digestibilities (ATTD) of NDF, CP, P, Ca, DM, and diet were determined. On d 35, one pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate the effect of treatment on organ weight, digesta pH, and digesta concentration of SCFA. Treatment did not affect growth performance. Xylanase supplementation improved nutrient digestibilities, without affecting growth performance. The ATTD of NDF was greater (P &lt; 0.05; 48%) in the wheat-SBM+xylanase, wheat-SBM without xylanase (46%), and DCM+xylanase (45%) diets. The ATTD of CP was greater (P &lt; 0.05; 78%) in wheat-SBM+xylanase, and wheat-DCM+xylanase (75%), diets. Xylanase supplementation increased ATTD of P and Ca by 9 and 19%; whereas ileum and colon digesta pH increased by 6 and 3%. Supplementing xylanase to DCM increased butyric acid by 10%, whereas the concentration of acetic acid increased by 24% in colon-digesta of pigs fed CCM+xylanase. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase increased nutrient digestibilities, digesta pH without affecting growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and canola meal-based diets. Additionally, supplemental xylanase increased butyric acid concentration in colon digesta of pigs fed wheat-DCM diets.

scholarly journals Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Owusu-Asiedu ◽  
S. K. Baidoo ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Weaned Pig ◽  
Feed Enzymes

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility and of both processing and exogenous feed enzymes on growth performance of 16-d-old weaned piglets fed pea-based diets. In exp. 1, 12 Cotswold pigs [4.5 ± 0.5 kg initial body weight (BW)] fitted with simple-T cannulae were used to determine apparent and standardized ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in raw, extruded, and micronized peas supplemented with amylase and xylanase. In exp. 2, 70 16-d-old weaned pigs were randomly assigned to a soybean-meal- (SBM)-based control and six pea-based diets during two consecutive periods (Phase 1, 4.5–10.0, Phase 2, 10.0–20.0 kg BW). The pea- (raw, extruded and micronized) based diets were fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Pigs were weighed weekly and feed intake was monitored daily. Blood samples were obtained from 10 pigs per treatment on days 0, 7 and 14 for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) analysis. Heat processing improved (P < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of most AAs, including lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine in extruded and micronized peas, but not raw peas. The AID was higher (P < 0.05) in enzyme-supplemented extruded and micronized peas than in raw peas. Micronization improved (P < 0.05) AID of lysine from 82 to 91%. The standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of arginine, lysine, methionine and threonine were higher (P < 0.05) in extruded and micronized pea-based diets than in raw pea-based diets. Mean AID of indispensable AA was numerically improved (P < 0.08) from 79 to 88.0% following micronization. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) from 1.4 to 1.20 by supplementing raw pea-based diet with amylase and xylanase in phase 1. Supplementing raw pea-based diet with enzyme resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) PUN levels from 9.01 to 5.73 mg dL-1. The results demonstrate that compared to raw peas, extrusion and micronization improved AA digestibilities of amylase and xylanase supplemented pea-based diets and efficiency of feed utilization from 4.5 to 10.0 kg BW. However, feed intake and growth performance were not affected. Key words: Amylase, xylanase, early-weaned pig, amino acids, micronization, extrusion, digestibilities

scholarly journals PSV-8 Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (GRA): what is the best delivery method to newly weaned pigs?

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Hailey Wooten ◽  
Hwanhee Kim ◽  
Amanda Rakhshandeh ◽  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract We previously found that i.m. injection of GRA, similar to in-feed antibiotics, improves measures of intestinal integrity, nutrient digestibility, and overall growth performance in nursery pigs. In addition, we have demonstrated that the mitigating effects of GRA on the stress of weaning is predominantly done by subsiding the inflammatory response that often accompanies early weaning. The objective of the current study was to explore the most practical methods for delivering GRA to newly weaned pigs. One-hundred and sixty-seven PIC pigs were weaned at 25 ±1.0 days of age (BW 7 ±1.2 kg), and assigned to fourteen treatments (3-4 pigs /pen; 3 pens/treatment). Seven treatments were tested within two sexes (gilts vs. barrows). The treatments were: 1) i.m. injection of GRA (two injections, 0.2 mg/kg BW at -1 and 3 d post-weaning), 2) two levels of in-water GRA (0.8 and 1.6 ppm), 3) in-feed GRA (2.5 and 5.0 ppm), 4) in-feed antibiotic (ANT, 100 ppm tylosin), and 5) control. Dexamethasone was used as GRA. Pigs had free access to in-feed or in-water GRA or ANT during the 1st-week post-weaning. Parameters of growth performance were measured weekly until the end of the nursery phase. A completely randomized design and repeated measurement ANOVA (PROC MIXED) in SAS were used for statistical analyses. In-water, in-feed, and i.m. GRA treatments resulted in growth performance outcomes comparable to that of in-feed ANT. Relative to CON pigs, both ANT and GRA improved ADG and G: F during the nursery phase (P &lt; 0.05). Among the delivery methods tested, 2.5 ppm of in-feed GRA resulted in superior ADG (GRA vs. CON; 0.29 vs. 0.20 kg/d) and G: F (0.63 vs. 0.40 ± 0.05), compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.02). Collectively, these results suggested that in-feed treatment is the best method for delivering GRA to newly weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Performance and nutrient digestibility of crossbred weaned pigs fed raw pride of barbados (Caesalpina pulcherrima) seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
A. A. Ogunbode ◽  
A. F. Baderinwa ◽  
I. O. Gbemisola
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Final Body Weight

Deficit of conventional feed resources in meeting increased demand has led to hike in their prices culminating in soaring cost of livestock feed. This has necessitated the search for cheap and easily available alternatives. Pride of barbados seed which constitute a waste has potential of becoming a cheap and easily available feed resource. Performance and nutrient digestibility of dietary inclusion of raw pride of barbados seed meal was evaluated in an eight week feeding trial. Atotal of sixteen crossbred (Large White x Landrace) weaned pigs of eight weeks of age were weighed and allotted to four dietary treatments with four pigs each being a replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 (control) was without raw pride of barbados seed meal while 5%, 10% and 15% of virgin raw pride of barbados were included in diets 2,3 and 4 respectively. Weekly weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and nutrient digestibility of raw pride of barbados seed meal was also determined. Results revealed a significant average final body weight of 16.75kg (diet 3) to 24.50kg (diet 4).The pigs fed 15% raw pride of barbados had the highest feed intake of 137.20kg in diet 4 while the lowest feed intake was obtained in pigs fed 10% (diet 3) inclusion level of raw pride of barbados. Pigs maintained on the control diet had the best feed conversion (7.60kg) while the pigs fed diet 3 had the lowest feed conversion ratio (8.93kg). Crude protein, ether extract and dry matter digestibility was highest at T4 (84.15%, 80.21% and 86.70%) respectively while the least values (68.71%, 65.75% and 71.10% was obtained in T2 and T3 respectively. This study concluded that 15% inclusion of raw pride of barbados in the diets of crossbred weaned pigs had no deleterious effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of supplemental xylanase on health of the small intestine in nursery pigs fed diets with corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
Shihai Zhang ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract Forty pigs [10.7 ± 1.2 kg initial body weight (BW) at 6 wk of age] were used in a 21-d study to evaluate the effects of supplemental xylanase (Hostazym X 100, Huvepharma, Inc., Peachtree City, GA) in nursery diets on digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility, health of the small intestine, and growth performance when supplemented with corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Pigs were individually housed and randomly allotted to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 20/factor, 0% or 30% DDGS and 0 or 1,500 endo-pentosanase unit/kg xylanase as two factors) based on sex and initial BW. Feed intake and BW were recorded weekly. On day 15 of the study, TiO2 in diets (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker to calculate apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Plasma samples were collected on day 19 to measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde, and peptide YY. On day 21, all pigs were euthanized to collect tissues from duodenum, jejunum, and colon to measure morphology, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde concentrations. Distal jejunal digesta were collected to measure viscosity. Ileum digesta were collected to measure AID of nutrients. During the entire period, supplemental xylanase increased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG; 616 to 660 g/d) of nursery pigs, whereas DDGS (0 or 30%) did not affect ADG. On week 3, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was increased (P &lt; 0.05) when fed DDGS (1,141 to 1,267 g/d) and there was an interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between two factors indicating that supplemental xylanase decreased ADFI when DDGS was used in a diet. Use of DDGS increased (P &lt; 0.05) viscosity [1.86 to 2.38 centipoise (cP)], whereas supplemental xylanase reduced (P &lt; 0.05) viscosity (2.27 to 1.96 cP) of jejunal digesta. The AID of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) were improved (P &lt; 0.05) by supplemental xylanase. Plasma TNF-α was decreased (P &lt; 0.05, 108.5 to 69.9 pg/mL) by supplemental xylanase. Use of DDGS reduced (P &lt; 0.05) villus height:crypt depth ratio (1.46 to 1.27), whereas supplemental xylanase increased (P &lt; 0.05) the crypt depth (360 to 404 µm) in duodenum. In conclusion, feeding a diet with 30% DDGS to nursery pigs for 3 wk had no negative effect on growth performance, whereas reduced AID of DM and GE, increased TNF-α level in colon tissue, and reduced the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Dietary supplementation of xylanase reduced digesta viscosity improving AID of nutrients, reduced inflammatory response, and altered intestinal morphology, collectively improving ADG of nursery pigs regardless of the use of DDGS in a diet.

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler finishers fed processed Mucuna pruriens seed meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
C. O. Akure ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
F. O. Abeke ◽  
P. A. Vantsawa ◽  
B. Babasanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 45 minutes Boiled Mucuna Seed Meal (BMSM) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler finisher chicks. In a four-week feeding trial, three hundred and fifteen (315),4-week old broiler chicks were  randomly allocated to five experimental treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated thrice having twenty-one (21) birds per pen. Boiled Mucuna seed meal was prepared and fed in graded levels of 0.0% (control diet), 10.0%, 20.0%, 30.0%, and 40.0%BMSM. Feed and water were given to the birds ad libitum. The parameters measured and calculated include final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and feed cost per kilogram gain. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein; crude fibre, ash, nitrogen free extract and ether extract were also determined. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that dietary levels of inclusion of BMSM had significant (P<0.05) effect on these parameters. The final weight, the weight gain and feed intake of the birds fed 0.0%, 10.0% and 20.0%BMSM were statistically (P>0.05) similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. Cost of feed per birds and feed cost per kilogram gain were lower for all BMSB diets.Digestibility of nutrients was better for the birds fed the control,10.0 and 20.0%BMSM based diets. It was concluded that inclusion of BMSM in the diets of broiler finisher chicks up to20% has no deleterious effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the birds.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour évaluer l'effet de 45 minutes de farine de graines de Mucuna (le 'BMSM') bouillie sur la performance de croissance et la digestibilité des éléments nutritifs des poussins finisseurs de poulet à griller. Dans un teste d'alimentation de quatre semaines, trois cent quinze (315), poussins de poulet de griller de 4 semaines ont été aléatoirement attribués à cinq régimes expérimentaux de traitement dans une conception complètement randomisée (le 'CRD'). Chaque traitement a été reproduit trois fois avec vingt et un (21) oiseaux par enclos. Le repas bouilli de graine de Mucuna a été préparé et alimenté dans les niveaux classés de 0.0% (régime de contrôle), 10.0%, 20.0%, 30.0%, et 40.0%BMSM. L'alimentation et l'eau ont été données aux oiseaux ad libitum. Les paramètres mesurés et calculés comprennent le poids final, le gain de poids, la prise d'aliments pour animaux, le rapport alimentation/gain et le coût des aliments pour animaux par gain kilogramme. La digestibilité de la matière sèche, protéines brutes; des fibres brutes, des cendres, de l'extrait sans azote et de l'extrait d'éther ont également été déterminés. Les données recueillies ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de la variance (ANOVA). Les résultats ont montré que les niveaux diététiques d'inclusion de 'BMSM' ont eu un effet significatif (P<0.05) sur ces paramètres. Le poids final, le gain de poids et la prise d'alimentation des oiseaux nourris 0.0%, 10.0% et 20.0%BMSM étaient statistiquement (P>0.05) semblables et significativement (P<0.05) plus élevés que ceux des autres traitements. Le coût de l'alimentation animale par oiseau et le coût de l'alimentation par kilogramme étaient inférieurs pour tous les régimes BMSB. La digestibilité des éléments nutritifs était meilleure pour les oiseaux alimentés le contrôle,10.0 et 20.0% BMSM régimes à base. Il a été conclu que l'inclusion du BMSM dans l'alimentation des poussins finisseurs de poulet de gril jusqu'à 20 % n'a aucun effet délétère sur la performance de croissance et la digestibilité des oiseaux en matière d'éléments nutritifs.

scholarly journals PSIV-7 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed steam-exploded canola meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Joaquin J Sanchez-Zannatta ◽  
Bich Van Le Thanh ◽  
Lifang Wang ◽  
Eduardo Beltranena ◽  
Rex N Newkirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Canola meal (CM) is widely included in swine diets, but its fiber matrix compromises its nutritional value. Whether steam-explosion with high pressure can increase nutrient digestibility of CM and hence growth performance in pigs is unknown. To explore, Brassica napus CM was processed with steam pressure at 700 or 1,100 kPa for 5 min followed by a sudden release of pressure to produce steam-exploded CM7 and CM11, respectively. Four diets containing 20% CM, CM7, CM11, or soybean meal (SBM) were formulated to provide 2.3 Mcal net energy (NE)/kg and 5.1 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/Mcal NE. From 2 weeks post-weaning, 256 pigs (BW, 10 kg) were fed the 4 diets for 4 weeks in a randomized complete block design with 16 blocks and 4 pigs per pen. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) was 4.8, 4.3 and 3.7%-units lower (P < 0.05), respectively, for the 3 CM diets than the SBM diet, whereas diet digestible energy (DE) value was not different. Steam-explosion of CM did not affect diet ATTD of DM and GE, but reduced (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of CP. For the entire trial (day 1–28), steam-explosion at either 700 or 1,100 kPa increased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) of CM, but the CM diet had lower (P < 0.05) ADFI than the SBM diet. Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among the 4 diets. Consequently, feed efficiency (G:F) was greater (P < 0.05) for the 3 CM diets than the SBM diet. In conclusion, steam-explosion of CM did not increase diet nutrient digestibility or growth performance of weaned pigs.

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