Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
R. Martineau ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

Two studies were undertaken to verify the effect of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on B-vitamin concentrations in ruminal contents. In Study 1, eight primiparous and eight multiparous cows were used in a cross-over design, and concentrations of biotin, folates and vitamin B12 were determined in ruminal fluid and plasma of cows fed a high-forage (HF; 58:42 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) or a low-forage (LF; 37:63 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) diet. In Study 2, six ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a cross-over design to evaluate the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; DM basis) on concentrations of seven B-vitamins in the particle-free fluid and in both liquid- and solid-associated bacteria. Results showed that B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the ruminal content, while only limited amounts were found in the surrounding fluid. A change in the forage to concentrate ratio had a greater effect on vitamin concentration in the bacteria associated with the solid fraction than in those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. The most noticeable effects of a low forage diet were an increase in riboflavin, but a decrease in true vitamin B12 concentrations in solid-associated bacteria as well as a decrease in biotin concentration in particle-free fluid. In conclusion, it appears that ruminal B-vitamin concentration is altered by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio, which suggests that the supply of vitamins to dairy cows is influenced by diet composition. Key words: B-vitamins, dairy cow, ruminal fractions, forage to concentrate ratio

Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Girard ◽  
J. J. Matte
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
B Vitamin

Knowledge of the major nutrient requirements of dairy cows has increased substantially during the past decades. Little is known, however, about the importance of the roles played by B vitamins. Since most of those vitamins act as essential cofactors in energy, protein and lipid metabolism, it is likely that as milk yield increases, the demand for these cofactors also increases. The supply of B vitamins from dietary sources and synthesis by the ruminal microflora is generally sufficient to avoid deficiency symptoms, but could be insufficient for optimizing metabolic efficiency, production, composition and the nutritional quality of milk in high-producing dairy cows. Results from recent experiments show how the supply of three B vitamins — folic acid, biotin and vitamin B12 — affects major metabolic pathways. Supplementary biotin has frequently been reported to increase milk yield but has a limited effect on milk composition. Folic acid supplements have been found to increase milk and milk protein yields in multiparous cows without affecting dry matter intake when vitamin B12 supply was adequate. An insufficient vitamin B12 supply blocked those effects but they can be restored through vitamin B12 supplementation. Supplemental vitamin B12 and biotin increased milk and milk protein yields without changing dry matter intake. Vitamin B12 utilization by tissues increased in cows fed supplementary folic acid simultaneously; plasma glucose also increased in these cows but plasma biotin decreased. From these findings, it appears that, in high-producing dairy cows, especially in early lactation, the strong competition for nutrients that occurs between gluconeogenesis, methylneogenesis and protein synthesis increases the amount of folic acid, vitamin B12 and biotin required to maintain metabolic efficiency, especially when the nutrient supply is limited. These observations emphasize the need to review the paradigm according to which B-vitamin supply by ruminal microflora cannot be limiting in dairy cow. Key words: Dairy cow, B vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B12, biotin, lactation, metabolism

scholarly journals Folate and vitamin B12concentrations are associated with plasma DHA and EPA fatty acids in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Iglesia ◽  
I. Huybrechts ◽  
M. González-Gross ◽  
T. Mouratidou ◽  
J. Santabárbara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Helena Study

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the association between vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12biomarkers and plasma fatty acids in European adolescents. A subsample from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study with valid data on B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters, and all the other covariates used in the analyses such as BMI, Diet Quality Index, education of the mother and physical activity assessed by a questionnaire, was selected resulting in 674 cases (43 % males). B-vitamin biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay and fatty acids by enzymatic analyses. Linear mixed models elucidated the association between B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters (changes in fatty acid profiles according to change in 10 units of vitamin B biomarkers). DHA, EPA) andn-3 fatty acids showed positive associations with B-vitamin biomarkers, mainly with those corresponding to folate and vitamin B12. Contrarily, negative associations were found withn-6:n-3 ratio,trans-fatty acids and oleic:stearic ratio. With total homocysteine (tHcy), all the associations found with these parameters were opposite (for instance, an increase of 10 nmol/l in red blood cell folate or holotranscobalamin in females produces an increase of 15·85 µmol/l of EPA (Pvalue <0·01), whereas an increase of 10 nmol/l of tHcy in males produces a decrease of 2·06 µmol/l of DHA (Pvalue <0·05). Positive associations between B-vitamins and specific fatty acids might suggest underlying mechanisms between B-vitamins and CVD and it is worth the attention of public health policies.

scholarly journals Vitamin B-6 Intake Is Modestly Associated with Arsenic Methylation in Uruguayan Children with Low-Level Arsenic Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauri Desai ◽  
Marie Vahter ◽  
Elena I Queirolo ◽  
Fabiana Peregalli ◽  
Nelly Mañay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
B Vitamin

ABSTRACT Background Detoxification of inorganic arsenic (iAs) occurs when it methylates to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Lower proportions of urinary iAs and MMA, and higher proportions of DMA indicate efficient methylation. The role of B-vitamins in iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure is understudied. Objectives Our study objective was to assess the association between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure (&lt;50 µg/L in water; urinary arsenic 5–50 µg/L). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 290 ∼7-y-old children in Montevideo. Intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 was calculated by averaging 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls. Total urinary arsenic concentration was measured as the sum of urinary iAs, MMA, and DMA, and adjusted for urinary specific gravity; iAs methylation was measured as urinary percentage As, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA. Arsenic concentrations from household water sources were assessed. Linear regressions tested the relationships between individual energy-adjusted B-vitamins and iAs methylation. Results Median (range) arsenic concentrations in urine and water were 9.9 (2.2–48.7) and 0.45 (0.1–18.9) µg/L, respectively. The median (range) of urinary percentage iAs, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA was 10.6% (0.0–33.8), 9.7% (2.6–24.8), and 79.1% (58.5–95.4), respectively. The median (range) intake levels of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B-6 were 0.81 (0.19–2.56), 1.0 (0.30–2.24), 8.6 (3.5–23.3), and 0.67 (0.25–1.73) mg/1000 kcal, respectively, whereas those of folate and vitamin B-12 were 216 (75–466) and 1.7 (0.34–8.3) µg/1000 kcal, respectively. Vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA (β = −1.60; 95% CI: −3.07, −0.15). No other statistically significant associations were observed. Conclusions Although vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA, our findings suggest limited support for a relation between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children exposed to low-level arsenic.

Effects of methods of collection and sample preparation on the concentrations of B-vitamins in ruminal fluid of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Rubber Tube ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
B Vitamin

Ruminal fluid was collected from dairy cows using three methods: (1) a stomach tube, or directly through the ruminal cannula with (2) a syringe screwed to a stainless tube covered by a fine metal mesh; or (3) a rubber tube connected to a vacuum pump. Fluid samples were either acidified to disrupt bacterial membranes or centrifuged to remove the bacterial fraction. B-vitamin concentrations were higher in the acidified than in the centrifuged fluid, while the collection method had only a limited effect. Results of this study strongly suggest that B-vitamin concentration in ruminal fluid is not a good indicator of their synthesis, and that the bacterial fractions should probably be considered. Key words: B-vitamins, ruminal fluid, dairy cow

scholarly journals B-vitamins and prevention of dementia

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
B Vitamin

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or folate status is responsible for cognitive decline. Most studies reporting associations between cognitive function and Hcy or B-vitamins have used a cross-sectional or case–control design and have been unable to exclude the possibility that such associations are a result of the disease rather than being causal. The Hcy hypothesis of dementia has attracted considerable interest, as Hcy can be easily lowered by folic acid and vitamin B12, raising the prospect that B-vitamin supplementation could lower the risk of dementia. While some trials assessing effects on cognitive function have used folic acid alone, vitamin B12 alone or a combination, few trials have included a sufficient number of participants to provide reliable evidence. An individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all randomised trials of the effects on cognitive function and vascular risk of lowering Hcy with B-vitamins will maximise the power to assess the epidemiologically-predicted differences in risk. Among the twelve large randomised Hcy-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease, data should be available on about 30 000 participants with cognitive function. The principal investigators of such trials have agreed to combine individual-participant data from their trials after their separate publication.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Titcomb ◽  
Samantha T. Schmaelzle ◽  
Emily T. Nuss ◽  
Jesse F. Gregory ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
B Vitamin

Background: Hidden hunger affects individuals who chronically consume an inadequate intake of at least 1 micronutrient and is associated with low dietary diversity. Little data are available on dietary intake or status assessment of B vitamins among preschool children in Zambia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess 24-hour dietary recall records obtained from Zambian children aged 3 to 7 years for B vitamin intake in relation to adequacy and change over time in the same community. Methods: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 2 studies that were 2 years apart in the same district of Zambia. Data were retrospectively analyzed for B vitamin intake, that is, biotin, vitamin B12, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin. The estimated average requirement (EAR) cut point method was used to assess inadequacy prevalence for EARs established by the Institute of Medicine in the United States. Results: For all B vitamins, mean values were below the EARs established for children 4 to 8 years old. Relative to the EAR, children had the highest intakes of vitamin B6 with inadequacies of 77.9% and 60.1% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence of inadequate intake was associated with folate, where ≥95% of the children had intakes below the EAR in both studies. Conclusions: All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.

scholarly journals Mosaic Patterns of B-vitamin Synthesis and Utilization in a Natural Marine Microbial Community

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gómez-Consarnau ◽  
Rohan Sachdeva ◽  
Scott M. Gifford ◽  
Lynda S. Cutter ◽  
Jed A. Fuhrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
De Novo ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
B Vitamin

Aquatic environments contain diverse microbial communities whose complex interactions mediate the cycling of major and trace nutrients such as vitamins. B-vitamins are essential coenzymes that many organisms cannot synthesize. Thus their exchange among de-novo synthesizers and auxotrophs is expected to play an important role in the microbial consortia and explain some of the temporal and spatial changes observed in diversity. In this study, we analyzed metatranscriptomes of a natural coastal microbial community, diel sampled-quarterly over one year to try to identify the potential major B-vitamin synthesizers and consumers. Our transcriptomic data show that the best-represented taxa dominated the expression of synthesis genes for some B-vitamins but lacked transcripts for others. For instance, Rhodobacterales dominated the expression of vitamin-B12synthesis, but not of vitamin-B7, whose synthesis transcripts were mainly represented by Flavobacteria.In contrast, bacterial groups that constituted less than 4% of the community (e.g., Verrucomicrobia) accounted for most of the vitamin-B1synthesis transcripts. Furthermore, ambient vitamin-B1concentrations were higher in samples collected during the day, and were positively correlated with chlorophyll-aconcentration. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that the mosaic of metabolic interdependencies through B-vitamin synthesis and exchange are key processes that contribute to shaping microbial communities in nature.

scholarly journals Nutritional aspects and possible pathological mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinaemia: an independent risk factor for vascular disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vascular Toxicity ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
The Relationship

Numerous case–control and prospective studies have identified elevated plasma homocysteine as a strong independent risk factor for cerebovascular, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease. Homocysteine is formed as a result of the breakdown of the dietary amino acid methionine. Once formed, homocysteine is either remethylated to methionine, or undergoes a trans-sulfuration reaction to form cysteine. The re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine is dependent on three B-vitamins, i.e. riboflavin, vitamin B12and folate. The second pathway of homocysteine metabolism is the trans-sulfuration pathway which requires both vitamin B6and riboflavin for its activity. Thus, up to four B-vitamins are required for intracellular homocysteine metabolism. Many studies have noted strong inverse relationships between homocysteine levels and the status of both vitamin B12and folate. However, the relationship between vitamin B6status and homocysteine is still uncertain. Similarly, numerous intervention studies have demonstrated effective lowering of homocysteine levels as a result of folate and vitamin B12supplementation, while the homocysteine-lowering ability of vitamin B6is unclear. Even though riboflavin plays a crucial role in both the trans-sulfuration and remethylation pathways of homocysteine metabolism, the relationship between riboflavin status and homocysteine levels has not been investigated. The exact mechanism that explains the vascular toxicity of elevated homocysteine levels is unknown at present, studies indicate that it is both atherogenic and thrombogenic. To date, no randomized clinical trial has demonstrated that lowering of homocysteine levels is beneficial in terms of reducing the prevalence of vascular disease. It is probable, however, that optimal B-vitamin status is important in the prevention of vascular disease.

The B-vitamin group and the activity of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases of the growing Wistar rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miltenberger ◽  
U. Oltersdorf
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Microsomal Enzymes ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidases ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

1. Male Wistar rats were given isoenergetic, semi-synthetic diets deficient in thiamin, riboflavin, pyrid-oxine or all the B-vitamins.2. In rats given these deficient diets the ‘sleeping time’ induced with pentobarbital (PB) and the ‘paralysis time’ with zoxazolamine (Zz) were prolonged.3. The tolerance effect against both drugs was nearly independent of the levels of B-vitamins in the diets.4. In preparations from vitamin-B deficient animals the activities of the following hepatic microsomal enzymes were reduced: the aliphatic hydroxylase of PB, the aromatic hydroxylases of aniline (EC 1.14.14.1) and of Zz, the N-demethylase of aminopyrine, the UDP glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) of p-nitrophenol. The reactions most influenced were those of ‘type-1’ substrates, particularly those involving the hydroxylases.5. The effects observed were caused mainly by deficiency of riboflavin and to a lesser extent of thiamin or pyridoxine.

scholarly journals Postgraduate Symposium The MTHFR C677T polymorphism, B-vitamins and blood pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wilson ◽  
H. McNulty ◽  
J. M. Scott ◽  
J. J. Strain ◽  
M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphism ◽  
Mthfr C677t Polymorphism ◽  
B Vitamin

High blood pressure (BP) and elevated homocysteine are reported as independent risk factors for CVD and stroke in particular. The main genetic determinant of homocysteine concentrations is homozygosity (TT genotype) for the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, typically found in approximately 10% of Western populations. The B-vitamins folate, vitamin B12and vitamin B6are the main nutritional determinants of homocysteine, with riboflavin more recently identified as a potent modulator specifically in individuals with the TT genotype. Although observational studies have reported associations between homocysteine and BP, B-vitamin intervention studies have shown little or no BP response despite decreases in homocysteine. Such studies, however, have not considered the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, which has been shown to be associated with BP. It has been shown for the first time that riboflavin is an important determinant of BP specifically in individuals with the TT genotype. Research generally suggests that 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring provides a more accurate measure of BP than casual measurements and its use in future studies may also provide important insights into the relationship between the MTHFR polymorphism and BP. Further research is also required to investigate the association between specific B-vitamins and BP in individuals with different MTHFR genotypes in order to confirm whether any genetic predisposition to hypertension is correctable by B-vitamin intervention. The present review will investigate the evidence linking the MTHFR C677T polymorphism to BP and the potential modulating role of B-vitamins.

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