Effects of methods of collection and sample preparation on the concentrations of B-vitamins in ruminal fluid of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Rubber Tube ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
B Vitamin

Ruminal fluid was collected from dairy cows using three methods: (1) a stomach tube, or directly through the ruminal cannula with (2) a syringe screwed to a stainless tube covered by a fine metal mesh; or (3) a rubber tube connected to a vacuum pump. Fluid samples were either acidified to disrupt bacterial membranes or centrifuged to remove the bacterial fraction. B-vitamin concentrations were higher in the acidified than in the centrifuged fluid, while the collection method had only a limited effect. Results of this study strongly suggest that B-vitamin concentration in ruminal fluid is not a good indicator of their synthesis, and that the bacterial fractions should probably be considered. Key words: B-vitamins, ruminal fluid, dairy cow

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
R. Martineau ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

Two studies were undertaken to verify the effect of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on B-vitamin concentrations in ruminal contents. In Study 1, eight primiparous and eight multiparous cows were used in a cross-over design, and concentrations of biotin, folates and vitamin B12 were determined in ruminal fluid and plasma of cows fed a high-forage (HF; 58:42 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) or a low-forage (LF; 37:63 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) diet. In Study 2, six ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a cross-over design to evaluate the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; DM basis) on concentrations of seven B-vitamins in the particle-free fluid and in both liquid- and solid-associated bacteria. Results showed that B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the ruminal content, while only limited amounts were found in the surrounding fluid. A change in the forage to concentrate ratio had a greater effect on vitamin concentration in the bacteria associated with the solid fraction than in those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. The most noticeable effects of a low forage diet were an increase in riboflavin, but a decrease in true vitamin B12 concentrations in solid-associated bacteria as well as a decrease in biotin concentration in particle-free fluid. In conclusion, it appears that ruminal B-vitamin concentration is altered by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio, which suggests that the supply of vitamins to dairy cows is influenced by diet composition. Key words: B-vitamins, dairy cow, ruminal fractions, forage to concentrate ratio

Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Girard ◽  
J. J. Matte
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
B Vitamin

Knowledge of the major nutrient requirements of dairy cows has increased substantially during the past decades. Little is known, however, about the importance of the roles played by B vitamins. Since most of those vitamins act as essential cofactors in energy, protein and lipid metabolism, it is likely that as milk yield increases, the demand for these cofactors also increases. The supply of B vitamins from dietary sources and synthesis by the ruminal microflora is generally sufficient to avoid deficiency symptoms, but could be insufficient for optimizing metabolic efficiency, production, composition and the nutritional quality of milk in high-producing dairy cows. Results from recent experiments show how the supply of three B vitamins — folic acid, biotin and vitamin B12 — affects major metabolic pathways. Supplementary biotin has frequently been reported to increase milk yield but has a limited effect on milk composition. Folic acid supplements have been found to increase milk and milk protein yields in multiparous cows without affecting dry matter intake when vitamin B12 supply was adequate. An insufficient vitamin B12 supply blocked those effects but they can be restored through vitamin B12 supplementation. Supplemental vitamin B12 and biotin increased milk and milk protein yields without changing dry matter intake. Vitamin B12 utilization by tissues increased in cows fed supplementary folic acid simultaneously; plasma glucose also increased in these cows but plasma biotin decreased. From these findings, it appears that, in high-producing dairy cows, especially in early lactation, the strong competition for nutrients that occurs between gluconeogenesis, methylneogenesis and protein synthesis increases the amount of folic acid, vitamin B12 and biotin required to maintain metabolic efficiency, especially when the nutrient supply is limited. These observations emphasize the need to review the paradigm according to which B-vitamin supply by ruminal microflora cannot be limiting in dairy cow. Key words: Dairy cow, B vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B12, biotin, lactation, metabolism

1150 Effects of a dietary supplementation of rumen-protected B vitamins on reproduction of dairy cows by measuring nutrigenomic parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 552-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Richard ◽  
D. R. Khan ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
H. Leclerc ◽  
E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
B Vitamins

scholarly journals Adaptive laboratory evolution and reverse engineering of single-vitamin prototrophies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Perli ◽  
Dewi P.I. Moonen ◽  
Marcel van den Broek ◽  
Jack T. Pronk ◽  
Jean-Marc Daran
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractQuantitative physiological studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae commonly use synthetic media (SM) that contain a set of water-soluble growth factors that, based on their roles in human nutrition, are referred to as B-vitamins. Previous work demonstrated that, in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D, requirements for biotin could be eliminated by laboratory evolution. In the present study, this laboratory strain was shown to exhibit suboptimal specific growth rates when either inositol, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) or thiamine were omitted from SM. Subsequently, this strain was evolved in parallel serial-transfer experiments for fast aerobic growth on glucose in the absence of individual B-vitamins. In all evolution lines, specific growth rates reached at least 90 % of the growth rate observed in SM supplemented with a complete B-vitamin mixture. Fast growth was already observed after a few transfers on SM without myo-inositol, nicotinic acid or pABA. Reaching similar results in SM lacking thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenate required over 300 generations of selective growth. The genomes of evolved single-colony isolates were re-sequenced and, for each B-vitamin, a subset of non-synonymous mutations associated with fast vitamin-independent growth were selected. These mutations were introduced in a non-evolved reference strain using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. For each B-vitamin, introduction of a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve substantially a increased specific growth rate in non-supplemented SM that represented at least 87% of the specific growth rate observed in fully supplemented complete SM.ImportanceMany strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a popular platform organism in industrial biotechnology, carry the genetic information required for synthesis of biotin, thiamine, pyridoxine, para-aminobenzoic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and inositol. However, omission of these B-vitamins typically leads to suboptimal growth. This study demonstrates that, for each individual B-vitamin, it is possible to achieve fast vitamin-independent growth by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Identification of mutations responsible for these fast-growing phenotype by whole-genome sequencing and reverse engineering showed that, for each compound, a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve fast growth in its absence. These results form an important first step towards development of S. cerevisiae strains that exhibit fast growth on cheap, fully mineral media that only require complementation with a carbon source, thereby reducing costs, complexity and contamination risks in industrial yeast fermentation processes.

scholarly journals Nutrition and the psychoneuroimmunology of postpartum depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ellsworth-Bowers ◽  
E. J. Corwin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
B Vitamin

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a relatively common and often severe mood disorder that develops in women after childbirth. The aetiology of PPD is unclear, although there is emerging evidence to suggest a psychoneuroimmune connection. Additionally, deficiencies in n-3 PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and trace minerals have been implicated. This paper reviews evidence for a link between micronutrient status and PPD, analysing the potential contribution of each micronutrient to psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms of PPD. Articles related to PPD and women's levels of n-3 PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and the trace minerals Zn and Se were reviewed. Findings suggest that while n-3 PUFA levels have been shown to vary inversely with PPD and link with psychoneuroimmunology, there is mixed evidence regarding the ability of n-3 PUFA to prevent or treat PPD. B vitamin status is not clearly linked to PPD, even though it seems to vary inversely with depression in non-perinatal populations and may have an impact on immunity. Vitamin D and the trace minerals Zn and Se are linked to PPD and psychoneuroimmunology by intriguing, but small, studies. Overall, evidence suggests that certain micronutrient deficiencies contribute to the development of PPD, possibly through psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms. Developing a better understanding of these mechanisms is important for guiding future research, clinical practice and health education regarding PPD.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability in the response of phytoplankton and prokaryotes to B-vitamin amendments in an upwelling system

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2807-2823
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joglar ◽  
Antero Prieto ◽  
Esther Barber-Lluch ◽  
Marta Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Emilio Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Coastal Station ◽  
Chl A ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Microbial Plankton

Abstract. We experimentally evaluated the temporal (interday and interseason) and spatial variability in microbial plankton responses to vitamin B12 and/or B1 supply (solely or in combination with inorganic nutrients) in coastal and oceanic waters of the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton and, to a lesser extent, prokaryotes were strongly limited by inorganic nutrients. Interday variability in microbial plankton responses to B vitamins was limited compared to interseason variability, suggesting that B-vitamin availability might be partially controlled by factors operating at seasonal scale. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and prokaryote biomass (PB) significantly increased after B-vitamin amendments in 13 % and 21 %, respectively, of the 216 cases (36 experiments × 6 treatments). Most of these positive responses were produced by treatments containing either B12 solely or B12 combined with B1 in oceanic waters, which was consistent with the significantly lower average vitamin-B12 ambient concentrations compared to that in the coastal station. Negative responses, implying a decrease in Chl a or PB, represented 21 % for phytoplankton and 26 % for prokaryotes. Growth stimulation by B1 addition was more frequent on prokaryotes than in phytoplankton, suggesting that B1 auxotrophy in the sampling area could be more widespread in prokaryotes than in phytoplankton. Negative responses to B vitamins were generalized in coastal surface waters in summer and were associated with a high contribution of Flavobacteriales to the prokaryote community. This observation suggests that the external supply of B12 and/or B1 may promote negative interactions between microbial components when B-vitamin auxotrophs are abundant. The microbial response patterns to B12 and/or B1 amendments were significantly correlated with changes in the prokaryotic community composition, highlighting the pivotal role of prokaryotes in B-vitamin cycling in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Thermo-responsive triple-function nanotransporter for efficient chemo-photothermal therapy of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangchao Qing ◽  
Xianxian Zhao ◽  
Ningqiang Gong ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xianlei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract New strategies with high antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria are urgently desired. Herein, we describe a smart triple-functional nanostructure, namely TRIDENT (Thermo-Responsive-Inspired Drug-Delivery Nano-Transporter), for reliable bacterial eradication. The robust antibacterial effectiveness is attributed to the integrated fluorescence monitoring and synergistic chemo-photothermal killing. We notice that temperature rises generated by near-infrared irradiation did not only melt the nanotransporter via a phase change mechanism, but also irreversibly damaged bacterial membranes to facilitate imipenem permeation, thus interfering with cell wall biosynthesis and eventually leading to rapid bacterial death. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrate that even low doses of imipenem-encapsulated TRIDENT could eradicate clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whereas imipenem alone had limited effect. Due to rapid recovery of infected sites and good biosafety we envision a universal antimicrobial platform to fight against multidrug-resistant or extremely drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Acute Postprandial Circulating B-Vitamin and Vitamer Responses to Single Breakfast Meals in Young and Older Individuals: Preliminary Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaja Sharma ◽  
Nicola Gillies ◽  
Shikha Pundir ◽  
Chantal A. Pileggi ◽  
James F. Markworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
B Vitamin

B-vitamin deficiency is common in ageing populations either due to altered dietary habits or altered digestive and metabolic functions. There is limited data on the acute circulating concentrations of B-vitamins and their various forms (vitamers), following ingestion of realistic meals. This study compared the acute circulating B-vitamin and vitamer responses to either an energy-dense (ED) or a nutrient-dense (ND) breakfast meal, consumed in a randomized cross-over sequence, in older and younger adults (n = 15 and 15, aged 67.3 ± 1.5 and 22.7 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SEM), respectively). Eleven differing B-vitamins and vitamers were determined in plasma samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in the fasting and postprandial state (hourly for 5 h). While postprandial thiamine concentration increased following both meals, riboflavin increased only following a ND meal in both age groups. Many vitamins including nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal-5’phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid remained unaltered, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide and nicotinuric acid concentrations reduced following both meals. Biological age and food composition had minimal impact on postprandial B-vitamin concentrations, yet the differences between the ED and ND meals for riboflavin highlight the importance of riboflavin intake to achieve adequacy.

The role of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine in Parkinson’s disease onset, pathology and mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K. Murray ◽  
Nafisa M. Jadavji
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The cause of degeneration is not well understood; however, both genetics and environmental factors, such as nutrition, have been implicated in the disease process. Deficiencies in one-carbon metabolism in particular have been associated with increased risk for PD onset and progression, though the precise relationship is unclear. The aim of the present review is to determine the role of one-carbon metabolism and elevated levels of homocysteine in PD onset and pathology and to identify potential mechanisms involved. A search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science was undertaken to identify relevant human and animal studies. Case–control, prospective cohort studies, meta-analyses and non-randomised trials were included in the present review. The results from human studies indicate that polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism may increase risk for PD development. There is an unclear role for dietary B-vitamin intake on PD onset and progression. However, dietary supplementation with B-vitamins may be beneficial for PD-affected individuals, particularly those on l-DOPA (levodopa or l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) treatment. Additionally, one-carbon metabolism generates methyl groups, and methylation capacity in PD-affected individuals is reduced. This reduced capacity has an impact on expression of disease-specific genes that may be involved in PD progression. During B-vitamin deficiency, animal studies report increased vulnerability of DA cells through increased oxidative stress and altered methylation. Nutrition, especially folates and related B-vitamins, may contribute to the onset and progression of PD by making the brain more vulnerable to damage; however, further investigation is required.

scholarly journals Systematic Administration of B Vitamins Alleviates Diabetic Pain and Inhibits Associated Expression of P2X3 and TRPV1 in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Spinal Cord in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Duan-Duan He ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Zhong Xie ◽  
Xue-Jun Song
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Drg Neurons ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Background. Treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) continues to be a major challenge, and underlying mechanisms of DNP remain elusive. We investigated treatment effects of B vitamins on DPN- and DNP-associated alterations of neurochemical signaling in the nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the spinal cord in rats. Methods. DNP was produced in male, adult, Sprague Dawley rats by single i.p. streptozotocin (STZ). Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze protein expressions in DRG and ELISA to measure the proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Behaviorally expressed DNP was determined by measuring the sensitivity of hindpaw skin to mechanical and thermal stimulation. Results. There were 87.5% (77/88) rats which developed high blood glucose within 1-2 weeks following STZ injection. Of which, 70.13% (n = 54/77) animals exhibited DNP manifested as mechanical allodynia and/or thermal hyperalgesia. Intraperitoneal administration of vitamins B1/B6/B12 (100/100/2 mg/kg, one or multiple doses) significantly attenuated DNP without affecting the blood glucose. Expressions of P2X3 and TRPV1 in CGRP-positive and IB4-positive DRG neurons as well as the interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nerve growth factor in the lumbar spinal cord were greatly increased in DNP rats. Such DNP-associated neurochemical alterations were also greatly suppressed by the B-vitamin treatment. Conclusions. B-vitamin treatment can greatly suppress chronic DNP and DNP-associated increased activities of P2X3 and TRPV1 in DRG and the spinal proinflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of DNP. Systematic administration of B vitamins can be a strategy for DNP management in clinic.

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