B-COMPLEX VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF PIG RATIONS BASED ON BARLEY GROWN ON GREY WOODED SOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Owen ◽  
A. Reddon ◽  
F. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
B Vitamin

Ninety-two sows and two hundred and sixteen pigs were employed in four gestation-lactation and three growing-finishing experiments to determine the adequacy of barley grown on the Grey Wooded soils of the Peace River region in northwestern Canada, as a source of riboflavin, pantothenic and nicotinic acid in swine rations. Vitamin B12 was assessed as a dietary essential in the all-plant rations. In the gestation-lactation experiments sow gains during gestation were greater in the B-vitamin supplemented lot and a trend toward heavier weaning weights of pigs was evident. Vitamin supplementation increased the level of vitamin B12 in sow’s milk collected 1 week post-partum and of both riboflavin and pantothenic acid collected 1 week and 6 weeks post-partum. Nicotinic acid content of sows’ milk was unaffected by supplementation. There was a highly significant decrease in riboflavin level in both control and supplemented lots between 1 and 6 weeks following parturition. The decrease was greatest in the unsupplemented lot.B-vitamin supplementation did not affect growing period gains or pig carcass quality in the growing-finishing experiments. However, certain significant growth responses were noted in the finishing period.The data indicate that the basal rations employed contained adequate riboflavin, pantothenic and nicotinic acid to support normal gestation, lactation and growth in Yorkshire swine.

735. The B-vitamin content of milk in relation to breed of cow and stage of lactation

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Gregory ◽  
J. E. Ford ◽  
S. K. Kon
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
B Vitamin

1. Microbiological methods were used to measure biotin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, ‘vitamin B6’ and vitamin B12 in milk from Guernsey, Friesian and Shorthorn cows.2. A study was made of day-to-day variations and breed differences in the B-vitamin content of such milk. Fluctuations in each vitamin were observed from one day to the next in milk from individual cows, these variations being especially marked with biotin and vitamin B12. In addition, the variations in the mean vitamin levels of milk from cows of the same breed were generally greater than any breed difference.3. Samples of milk from ten Friesian and ten Shorthorn cows were taken at intervals throughout one complete lactation and analysed for each of the vitamins mentioned above. The results of this study of lactational trends are presented in detail.

scholarly journals The B-vitamin content of baboon (Papio cynocephalus) milk

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. BUSS ◽  
J. E. Ford ◽  
K. J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
B Vitamin

1. The B-vitamins in milk from baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at various stages of lactation were measured microbiologically.2. Mature milk contained, on average (μg/ml): thiamin 0.18, riboflavin 0.74, nicotinic acid 3.2, folate 0.03, vitamin B6 0.70, vitamin B12 0.002, pantothenic acid 2.63, biotin 0.0065.3. Colostrum contained much less vitamin B6 and pantothenic acid than mature milk; otherwise, there were only slight changes in composition as lactation progressed. Neither these changes, nor the absolute values, resembled those for human or cow's milk.4. The average daily secretion of B-vitamins in milk represented less than 10% of the mother's dietary intake; that of folate was less than 0.5% of the mother's dietary intake.5. Baboon milk was calculated to provide infants with approximately the following quantities of B-vitamins (/d): thiamin 0.06 mg, riboflavin 0.25 mg, nicotinic acid 1.1 mg, folate 10 μg, vitamin B6 0.25 mg, vitamin B12 0.7 μg, pantothenic acid 0.9 mg, biotin 2.2 μg.

scholarly journals The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism: A model of intervitamin relationships

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
D. K. Dastur ◽  
N. Santhadevi ◽  
E. V. Quadros ◽  
F. C. R. Avari ◽  
N. H. Wadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
B Vitamin

1. The B-vitamin status of fifty-nine patients, mainly from the lower socio-economic classes in Bombay, with a history of chronic malnutrition, and of alcoholism of 1·5–20 years’ duration, was studied before and during treatment, and in relation to their clinical, especially neurological, condition. These patients were divided into two neurological categories: (1) those with peripheral neuropathy (mainly sensory and distal) alone, (2) those with mental changes (mainly confusion and disorientation) also. Both categories frequently showed pellagrous pigmentation and mucocutaneous signs of B-vitamin deficiency.2. Thiamin and erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) activity, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, total and pyridoxal fraction of vitamin B6, folate and total vitamin B12 were estimated in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these patients, and also in the blood of sixty-nine control subjects and in the CSF of some of them. The concentrations of all the vitamins, except vitamin B12, were highly significantly lower in the blood of patients of category 1 compared to the controls, and erythrocyte transketolase activity and pyridoxal concentration in patients of category 2 were significantly lower than those of category 1 patients. Blood pantothenic acid and folate concentrations were reduced less consistently.3. Serum vitamin B12 concentration was significantly increased (though within normal range) in the patients compared to the control group, probably because of the moderate hepatic insufficiency (as assessed by liver function tests) in the former.4. The concentrations of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and total vitamin B6 were also highly significantly lower in the CSF in patients of category 1 compared with controls. Furthermore, thiamin, nicotinic acid and total vitamin B6 concentrations were significantly lower in patients of category 2 than those of category 1 patients, indicating that CSF levels reflect better the neurological status of these patients.5. There was a moderate increase in the blood concentration of all the vitamins tested, after a relatively poor hospital diet alone. There was a concurrent increase in the blood levels of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid after parenteral treatment with either thiamin or nicotinic acid. The administration of pyridoxine resulted in a significant increase in the blood levels of riboflavin and the pyridoxal fraction of vitamin B6.

scholarly journals Adaptive laboratory evolution and reverse engineering of single-vitamin prototrophies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Perli ◽  
Dewi P.I. Moonen ◽  
Marcel van den Broek ◽  
Jack T. Pronk ◽  
Jean-Marc Daran
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractQuantitative physiological studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae commonly use synthetic media (SM) that contain a set of water-soluble growth factors that, based on their roles in human nutrition, are referred to as B-vitamins. Previous work demonstrated that, in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D, requirements for biotin could be eliminated by laboratory evolution. In the present study, this laboratory strain was shown to exhibit suboptimal specific growth rates when either inositol, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) or thiamine were omitted from SM. Subsequently, this strain was evolved in parallel serial-transfer experiments for fast aerobic growth on glucose in the absence of individual B-vitamins. In all evolution lines, specific growth rates reached at least 90 % of the growth rate observed in SM supplemented with a complete B-vitamin mixture. Fast growth was already observed after a few transfers on SM without myo-inositol, nicotinic acid or pABA. Reaching similar results in SM lacking thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenate required over 300 generations of selective growth. The genomes of evolved single-colony isolates were re-sequenced and, for each B-vitamin, a subset of non-synonymous mutations associated with fast vitamin-independent growth were selected. These mutations were introduced in a non-evolved reference strain using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. For each B-vitamin, introduction of a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve substantially a increased specific growth rate in non-supplemented SM that represented at least 87% of the specific growth rate observed in fully supplemented complete SM.ImportanceMany strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a popular platform organism in industrial biotechnology, carry the genetic information required for synthesis of biotin, thiamine, pyridoxine, para-aminobenzoic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and inositol. However, omission of these B-vitamins typically leads to suboptimal growth. This study demonstrates that, for each individual B-vitamin, it is possible to achieve fast vitamin-independent growth by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Identification of mutations responsible for these fast-growing phenotype by whole-genome sequencing and reverse engineering showed that, for each compound, a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve fast growth in its absence. These results form an important first step towards development of S. cerevisiae strains that exhibit fast growth on cheap, fully mineral media that only require complementation with a carbon source, thereby reducing costs, complexity and contamination risks in industrial yeast fermentation processes.

scholarly journals B vitamins attenuate the epigenetic effects of ambient fine particles in a pilot human intervention trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. 3503-3508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhong ◽  
Oskar Karlsson ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yichen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Oxidative Energy Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
B Vitamin

Acute exposure to fine particle (PM2.5) induces DNA methylation changes implicated in inflammation and oxidative stress. We conducted a crossover trial to determine whether B-vitamin supplementation averts such changes. Ten healthy adults blindly received a 2-h, controlled-exposure experiment to sham under placebo, PM2.5 (250 μg/m3) under placebo, and PM2.5 (250 μg/m3) under B-vitamin supplementation (2.5 mg/d folic acid, 50 mg/d vitamin B6, and 1 mg/d vitamin B12), respectively. We profiled epigenome-wide methylation before and after each experiment using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in peripheral CD4+ T-helper cells. PM2.5 induced methylation changes in genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism. B-vitamin supplementation prevented these changes. Likewise, PM2.5 depleted 11.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4%, 21.7%; P = 0.04] of mitochondrial DNA content compared with sham, and B-vitamin supplementation attenuated the PM2.5 effect by 102% (Pinteraction = 0.01). Our study indicates that individual-level prevention may be used to complement regulations and control potential mechanistic pathways underlying the adverse PM2.5 effects, with possible significant public health benefit in areas with frequent PM2.5 peaks.

A note on the behaviour of an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii in some B-vitamin deficient chicks

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kulasiri ◽  
H. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Parasite Distribution ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Ordinary Diet

No differences in susceptibility or parasite distribution of avirulent Toxoplasma was observed between biotin-, pantothenic acid-, nicotinic acid-, riboflavin- and heat-labile vitamins-deficient chicks and their controls. Ordinary diet supplemented with cod-liver oil did not have any effect either. Avirulent Toxoplasma were readily isolated from the brains of all the animals at the end of 1 month.We are grateful to Professor P. C. C. Garnham for his interest.

scholarly journals B-vitamins and prevention of dementia

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
B Vitamin

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or folate status is responsible for cognitive decline. Most studies reporting associations between cognitive function and Hcy or B-vitamins have used a cross-sectional or case–control design and have been unable to exclude the possibility that such associations are a result of the disease rather than being causal. The Hcy hypothesis of dementia has attracted considerable interest, as Hcy can be easily lowered by folic acid and vitamin B12, raising the prospect that B-vitamin supplementation could lower the risk of dementia. While some trials assessing effects on cognitive function have used folic acid alone, vitamin B12 alone or a combination, few trials have included a sufficient number of participants to provide reliable evidence. An individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all randomised trials of the effects on cognitive function and vascular risk of lowering Hcy with B-vitamins will maximise the power to assess the epidemiologically-predicted differences in risk. Among the twelve large randomised Hcy-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease, data should be available on about 30 000 participants with cognitive function. The principal investigators of such trials have agreed to combine individual-participant data from their trials after their separate publication.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Titcomb ◽  
Samantha T. Schmaelzle ◽  
Emily T. Nuss ◽  
Jesse F. Gregory ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
B Vitamin

Background: Hidden hunger affects individuals who chronically consume an inadequate intake of at least 1 micronutrient and is associated with low dietary diversity. Little data are available on dietary intake or status assessment of B vitamins among preschool children in Zambia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess 24-hour dietary recall records obtained from Zambian children aged 3 to 7 years for B vitamin intake in relation to adequacy and change over time in the same community. Methods: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 2 studies that were 2 years apart in the same district of Zambia. Data were retrospectively analyzed for B vitamin intake, that is, biotin, vitamin B12, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin. The estimated average requirement (EAR) cut point method was used to assess inadequacy prevalence for EARs established by the Institute of Medicine in the United States. Results: For all B vitamins, mean values were below the EARs established for children 4 to 8 years old. Relative to the EAR, children had the highest intakes of vitamin B6 with inadequacies of 77.9% and 60.1% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence of inadequate intake was associated with folate, where ≥95% of the children had intakes below the EAR in both studies. Conclusions: All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.

scholarly journals Homocysteine-lowering vitamins do not lower plasmaS-adenosylhomocysteine in older people with elevated homocysteine concentrations

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Green ◽  
C. Murray Skeaff ◽  
Jennifer A. McMahon ◽  
Bernard J. Venn ◽  
Sheila M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Folate Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Thcy ◽  
B Vitamin

Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for vascular disease but lowering tHcy with B-vitamins, including folate, has generally not reduced vascular events in secondary prevention trials. Elevated plasmaS-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) concentration may be a more sensitive indicator of vascular disease than plasma tHcy. However, unlike tHcy, plasma AdoHcy did not correlate with folate concentration in one study indicating that folate supplementation may not lower AdoHcy. Our aim was to determine whether providing B-vitamin supplements to healthy older people with elevated tHcy (>13 μmol/l) affects plasma AdoHcy andS-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations. Healthy older participants (n276; ≥ 65 years) were randomised to receive a daily supplement containing folate (1 mg), vitamin B12(500 μg) and vitamin B6(10 mg), or placebo, for 2 years. Of these participants, we selected the first fifty participants in each treatment group and measured plasma AdoHcy and AdoMet. Plasma tHcy was 4·4 (95 % CI 3·2, 5·6;P < 0·001) μmol/l lower at 2 years in the vitamins group compared with the placebo group. At 2 years, there were no significant differences in plasma AdoMet (+4 % (95 % CI − 2, 11);P = 0·19), AdoHcy ( − 1 % (95 % CI − 10, 8);P = 0·61) or the AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio (0·22 (95 % CI − 0·04, 0·49);P = 0·10) between the two groups. In conclusion, B-vitamin supplementation of older people lowered plasma tHcy but had no effect on plasma AdoMet or AdoHcy concentration. If elevated plasma AdoHcy is detrimental, this may explain why B-vitamins have generally failed to reduce vascular events in clinical trials.

Nutritive properties of freshly prepared and stored evaporated milks manufactured by a normal commercial procedure or by reduced thermal processes in the presence of nisin

1964 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Gregory ◽  
Kathleen M. Henry ◽  
S. K. Kon
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
True Digestibility

SummaryFrom a batch of raw milk, evaporated milk was prepared commercially by 3 procedures: A, a normal commercial procedure involving holding the filled cans at a maximum temperature of 113 °C for 15 min; B, with nisin added and holding at a maximum temperature of 105 °C for 15 min; C, with nisin added and holding at a maximum temperature of 113 °C for 3 min. The content of B vitamins in the raw and evaporated milks was measured microbiologically; the nutritive value of the proteins was determined in rat tests.In milk A, 83% of the vitamin B12, 38% of the vitamin B6 and 20% of the thiamine were destroyed during processing. In milk B, the losses were 67, 30 and 19%, respectively, only the loss of vitamin B12 being significantly lower than in milk A. In milk C, the losses were 67, 23 and 14%, respectively, each of them being significantly lower than in milk A. There was no further loss of thiamine on storage of the milks for 12 months at 4 °C, but at room temperature and at 37 °C further losses occurred in all the milks. Similarly, the vitamin B6 activity of the milks decreased on storage, the loss being greatest at 37 °C, but also detectable at 4 °C. No change in the vitamin B12 content occurred on storage, and no losses of biotin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid or riboflavin were detected during manufacture or storage of the evaporated milks.The biological value and true digestibility of the proteins of the evaporated milks were slightly lower than for the raw milk. Neither nisin treatment nor storage at room temperature for a year affected these characteristics.

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