THE FEEDING VALUE POTENTIAL OF POTATO VINES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
D. A. YOUNG ◽  
R. E. McQUEEN ◽  
H. DE JONG ◽  
F. A. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plastic Bag

The potential use of green potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) vines as a livestock feed was investigated. Fresh vines contained less than 12% dry matter (DM) and did not produce a stable silage in plastic bag, laboratory silos. Satisfactory silages were produced by wilting or by the addition of barley, malt, barley + malt, molasses, chopped hay, chopped hay + barley + malt, formaldehyde and/or formic acid. Only the silages from wilted vines or those containing hay had a suitable consistency for storage and handling in conventional silage systems. Sheep readily ate a silage made from potato vines with the addition of 5% barley, 0.5% malted barley and 20% chopped hay or straw. The dry matter content of the vines from two cultivars changed only slightly over a 5-wk sampling period but the acid detergent fiber (ADF) content increased and the N content dropped. Except for the cultivar Wischip, there was little variation among nine cultivars sampled on the same day for pH (5.15–5.95), DM (10.3–12.9%) and ADF (26.5–32.4%). The N content ranged from 1.6 to 2.4% of the DM and the water soluble carbohydrate content from 7.5 to 3.3% of the DM. The levels of glycoalkaloids found should be safe for ruminant animals. It was concluded that potato vines harvested prior to senescence contain a useful level of nutrients for ruminants. Pesticide residues and mechanical systems for harvesting the vines are major concerns to be resolved before on-farm application can be recommended.

Diurnal changes in the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in Phalaris aquatica L. pasture in spring, and the effect of short-term shading

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Ciavarella ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
H. Dove ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
I. M. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Early Afternoon

The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and its components, starch, total nitrogen, and dry matter of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian) pasture were varied by shading for periods ranging from 38.5 to 46.5 h. In unshaded pasture, WSC concentrations were lowest at sunrise [103 mg/g dry matter (DM)] and increased until early afternoon (to 160 mg/g DM). Sucrose and starch increased in concentration during daylight, whilst the concentrations of glucose, fructose, fructan, and a component of WSC considered to be mainly the carbohydrate moiety of glycoside(s) were relatively constant. The concentrations of starch, and all components of WSC except sucrose, were reduced by shading, but increased to the concentrations observed in the unshaded pasture within 2–4 h after removal of the cover. The fructans present in phalaris were determined to be oligosaccharides of degree of polymerisation (DP) 3 and DP 4 and high molecular mass fructans with DP >10. Nitrogen concentration of shaded pasture was initially higher (4.7% DM) than in unshaded pasture (3.9% DM), but decreased after removal of the shade cover. Dry matter content was reduced in shaded pasture, partly due to increased retention of water on the exterior of plants. The experiment was a precursor for a grazing trial in which the WSC content of pasture was to be altered by shading. It indicated that shading would potentially alter WSC and N concentrations, and DM content, but would have only a relatively small impact on the digestibility of the pasture.

Yield and quality components in maize grown for silage

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
H. H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Soluble Components

SUMMARYResults from three trials are presented. The main variables were date of harvest, plant density and variety. Measurements were made of whole-crop yields and yields from plant fractions (leaf, stem, cob). Quality components—digestibility, acid-pepsin solubility, water-soluble carbohydrates, nitrogen and ash—were estimated for whole crop and fractions. There were successive samplings for quality components.Whole-crop yield from fractions and yield of quality components increased with density. Whole-crop yield differed significantly with harvesting date as did all fractions except cob, although the proportion of cob increased with time. The earlier harvesting date gave greater yields of quality components.There was no effect of density on the dry-matter content but later harvesting resulted in higher dry matter.The only quality component affected by density was nitrogen content but there were large effects of harvesting date on digestibility and the acid-pepsin components.Regressions were computed for quality components on dry-matter proportion of cob and the dry-matter content of the whole crop. Regressions were significant for the acid-pepsin soluble components and the water-soluble carbohydrate component on the proportion of cob. Regressions of digestibility and pepsin-soluble components (total and organic) on dry-matter content were significant.The implications of these findings to the breeding of maize varieties are discussed.

Production, persistence, and water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in 21 contrasting populations of Dactylis glomerata L. subjected to severe drought in the south of France

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Volaire ◽  
F. Lelièvre
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

In rainfed Mediterranean areas, summer drought is the main factor affecting the persistence of perennial grasses. Most available cultivars of Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) exhibit low persistence in this environment; therefore, research is needed on the relationships between plant physiology and recovery after severe drought. In the field, we subjected a large range of populations and cultivars of cocksfoot to 3 months of drought followed by 3 weeks of rewatering. Principal component and cluster analysis discriminated 3 groups of genotypes: (1) late heading populations and cultivars of temperate origin (ssp. glomerata) that exhibited high tiller mortality in summer; (2) early heading populations of Mediterranean origin (ssp. hispanica) that survived well but had a low growth potential; (3) very early heading Mediterranean cultivars (ssp. glomerata × hispanica) that survived and recovered actively. The study of bases of youngest enclosed leaves (surviving organs) showed that osmotic potential in living bases was not significantly different between groups of populations; dry matter content was higher in bases of hispanica populations at the onset of drought; total water-soluble carbohydrate and fructan contents increased as drought progressed and reached 35-40% of dry matter in bases at the end of the drought. Drought survival was best correlated with both the ratio between low and high weight fructans in July (summer) and the heading date (R2 = 0·75, P < 0·001). Recovery yield after autumn rewatering was highly correlated with both of these variables and the dry matter content in leaf bases in June (R2 = 0·75, P< 0·001), which may be associated with levels of summer dormancy. These results emphasise the role of ontogeny in drought resistance and can be used to predict plant survival in a large range of populations of cocksfoot.

Effect of ensiling whole barley grain with pasture on silage quality and effluent production, and the performance of growing cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Jacobs ◽  
RJ Morris ◽  
J Zorrilla-Rios
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Pasture was ensiled with increasing amounts of whole barley in stacks [0, 75 (SLB), 150 (SMB) kg/t fresh pasture] or in 200-L drum silos 10, 75 (DLB), 150 (DMB), 225 (DHB) kg/t fresh pasture]. All silages were well fermented with low pH values and low ammonia concentrations. The addition of barley significantly (P<0.05) increased the dry matter content of the resultant stack silages by 29% (SLB) and 54% (SMB) and significantly (P<0.05) increased residual water-soluble carbohydrate levels in the SMB silage compared with untreated stack silage. Incorporation of barley with pasture in 200-L silos significantly (P<0.001) increased the dry matter of the resultant silages and significantly (P<0.01) reduced effluent production by 55, 93, and 100% for DLB, DMB, and DHB compared with the untreated silo silage. Dry matter, nitrogen, and lactic acid concentrations in effluent did not differ significantly, although total losses of these components were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the untreated silage.| The stack silages were fed to beef steers (293 kg) and compared with silage diets containing equivalent levels of rolled barley mixed with untreated silage at feeding. Irrespective of method of feeding barley, animal performance improved compared with feeding a silage-only diet. At equivalent levels of barley inclusion, liveweight gains were higher and feed conversion ratios lower with the rolled barley diets. The results indicate that the addition of barley to low dry matter pasture during ensiling can reduce effluent production and the loss of soluble nutrients; however, it is likely that the grain will need to be processed to maximise subsequent animal production.

scholarly journals Iodine Biofortification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in Field

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń ◽  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Stanisław Rożek ◽  
Włodzimierz Sady ◽  
Piotr Strzetelski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Daily Diet

Despite wide prevention programmes, iodine deficiency remains a substantial problem in various populations around the world. Consumption of crop plants with increased iodine content may help supply additional amounts of that element in a daily diet. The aim of the work was to evaluate the efficiency of iodine biofortification of potato tubers. Soil application of KI and foliar application of KIO3 in doses up to 2.0 kg I ha−1 were tested in a three-year field experiment. Biomass, yield as well as dry matter, iodine, starch, and soluble sugar content in potato tubers were analyzed. No negative effect of tested methods of iodine application on potato yield or dry matter content was observed. Both soil and foliar application of iodine allowed to obtain potato tubers with increased content of that element with no decrease of starch or sugar content. The highest efficiency of iodine biofortification was noted for foliar spraying with KIO3 in a dose of 2.0 kg I ha−1. The obtained level of iodine in 100 g of potatoes could be sufficient to cover up to 25% of Recommended Daily Allowance for that element. The findings of the study indicate that potatoes biofortified with iodine can become an additional source of I in a daily diet.

Use of dry matter content as a rapid and low-cost estimate for ranking genotypic differences in water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the stem and leaf sheath of Triticum aestivum

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Ping Xue ◽  
C. Lynne McIntyre ◽  
Allan R. Rattey ◽  
Anthony F. van Herwaarden ◽  
Ray Shorter
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Field Samples

Stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are an important source of temporary carbohydrate reserve in cool-season cereals. Genotypic variation in stem WSC concentration in wheat at anthesis is often positively associated with grain weight and yield in water-limited environments. In this study we have examined the relationship between dry matter content (DMC, dry weight per unit of fresh weight) and WSC concentration in field-grown bread wheat. Strong correlations (r = 0.92–0.95) were observed between DMC and WSC concentration in the stem and leaf sheath from the top two or three internodes of recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Seri M82 and Babax, at anthesis or 1 week after anthesis, in several field experiments. This strong correlation was also observed in diverse genotypes grown under rainfed or irrigated conditions. DMC and WSC concentration were also positively correlated in the whole above-ground biomass of wheat at anthesis (r = 0.74–0.91). Measurement of stem and leaf sheath DMC and WSC concentration in a small number of samples would allow the rapid prediction of WSC concentrations in a large number of field samples with reasonable accuracy, as demonstrated in a small dataset in this study. These data indicate that DMC can serve cereal breeding as a rapid and low-cost selection tool for genotypic ranking of WSC concentrations in breeding populations.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization and yield formation of potato during a short growing period

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MUSTONEN ◽  
E. WALLIUS ◽  
T. HURME
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Growing Period

The effects various rates of nitrogen application on accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were studied during a short growing period of 140–180 days, at MTT Agrifood Research Finland in 2000–2001. The treatments were 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and the potato cultivars tested were Van Gogh and Nicola. Four successive harvests were made during the course of the experiment to monitor changes in the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen over the season. Applications of nitrogen substantially increased haulm dry matter accumulation and to an even greater extent their nitrogen contents. The highest dry matter values were generally registered at 120 kg N ha-1. Dry matter and nitrogen content of haulms started to decline during the later part of season and most nitrogen was relocated to tubers. The results suggest that an application of only 60 kg N ha-1 was sufficient to promote rapid canopy development and there were only small reductions in dry matter and nitrogen accumulation until late in the season when the canopy started to senesce as nitrogen supply diminished. Tuber yield, plant dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity were related to crop nitrogen supply. Although application of the high rate, 120 N kg ha-1, resulted in a significant increase in dry matter accumulation, this was not reflected in the profit because the higher nitrogen application reduced dry matter content of tubers by 2.6% in 2000 and by 1.1% in 2001 relative to the use of 60 kg N ha-1. Apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery values on a whole plant basis ranged from 53 to 75%. The proportion of fertilizer recovered in tubers clearly declined with increase in nitrogen supply.;

Effect of dry matter content at baling on change in forage constituents during the storage of alfalfa hay

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605
Author(s):  
M. Undi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Pole Structure ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of DM content at baling on the pattern of forage constituent change and on DM and nutrient losses during storage. Alfalfa forage, baled at 64.1–66.2, 71.9–73.2 and 75.4–77.4% DM, was designated Low, Medium, and High DM treatments, respectively. Hay generated from each treatment was stored in a pole structure as two 74-bale stacks per treatment, using a bale wagon. Core samples were collected from bales on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 60 of storage. Bale temperature was monitored for eight bales per treatment daily for the first 35 d of storage and then on days 45, 50, and 60. Peak storage temperature reached was influenced (P < 0.05) by forage DM at baling; the highest peak temperature being associated with Low DM hay. DM losses also were higher (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay relative to either Medium or High DM hays, averaging 10.1, 4.5, and 3.0%, respectively. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), and glucosamine contents increased in all forage treatments during storage; the extent of increase was more (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay than in High DM hay. Cellulose, lignin and crude protein (CP) concentrations followed a similar pattern during storage for hay baled and stored at the three DM contents. Soluble carbohydrate content loss was higher (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay relative to High DM hay. Forage DM content at baling will influence stack temperatures and extent of nutrient change during storage. Most changes m constituents of low DM hay occurred within the first 14 d of storage, a period within which peak temperatures were recorded in all forages. The study also showed that alfalfa forage can be stored at a DM content of 76% with minimal nutrient change and loss, which is lower than normally recommended. Key words: Alfalfa hay, storage, nutrients, DM contents, temperature

scholarly journals Influence of lactic acid and cellulolytic bacteria on the physicochemical parameters of alfalfa silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
A Bogdanova ◽  
A Payuta ◽  
A Alekseev ◽  
A Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Thermophilic Streptococci

Abstract The study is aimed at studying the effect of a microbiological preparation consisting of lactic acid bacteria, thermophilic streptococci and cellulolytic bacteria on the quality of alfalfa silage with different dry matter content. Determined pH, content of organic acids, dry matter and nutrients, including carbohydrates. Inoculant application increased crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber and reduced water-soluble carbohydrates in silage. The preservation of nutrients in the test samples was higher than that of the control. pH corresponded to optimal values; however, lactic acid fermentation proceeded more intensively in the sample with an increased dry matter content.

scholarly journals An ideotype of forage maize for north-west Europe.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
North West ◽  
Crop Density

Morphological and physiological characteristics of an ideal genotype are described. High dry-matter yield is required and therefore the ideotype needs to have high crop-density tolerance and efficient photosynthesis. Low susceptibility to pests and diseases is important. A stocky stem would benefit intake, yield and lodging resistance but reduce digestibility and dry-matter content. Selection for root-lodging resistance might reduce whole-plant yield. Improvement of cellular contents is of little importance, but cell-wall digestibility could be improved without strongly affecting yield. To be of high nutritional value, the stover must have sufficient dry-matter content (30-35%) and a moderate level of water-soluble carbohydrates. The ideotype should have an early silking date, a large ear and a slow rate of grain filling. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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