scholarly journals Requirement of young pigs for apparent ileal digestible tryptophan

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
J.B. Schutte ◽  
A.J.M.A. Verstraten ◽  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J. De Jong ◽  
J.T.M. Van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Optimal Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance

In 5 growth trials with a total of 420 pigs, tryptophan requirements from 20 to 40 kg liveweight were estimated. L-Tryptophan 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 g/kg was added to a basal diet containing tapioca, barley and maize, with CP 162 g/kg and tryptophan 1.65 g/kg. The control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine plus cystine, threonine, isoleucine, valine and histidine to assure that only tryptophan was limiting pig performance. Diets were freely given as pellets. Total tryptophan was about 2.10 g/kg for optimal weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in a diet containing NE 9.5 MJ/kg, corresponding with apparent ileally digestible tryptophan 1.77 g/kg.

Some effects of dietary penicillin and zinc bacitracin on the performance of bacon pigs

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Holme ◽  
K. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin

SUMMARYThree experiments were carried out to evaluate zinc bacitracin as compared with penicillin, as a feed supplement for bacon pigs. The first experiment compared pig performance on a control diet with performance on the control diet supplemented with penicillin, 5 g./ton, or with zinc bacitracin, 10 g./ton. Experiment 2 compared the control diet with penicillin at 10 g./ton and zinc bacitracin at 10 g./ton with pigs housed in a different piggery. Experiment 3 compared the control diet with penicillin at 10 g./ton and zinc bacitracin at two levels, 10 g./ton and 5 g./ton. In none of the experiments was there any significant response to penicillin in terms of rate of gain, feed conversion efficiency or carcass composition. In the first experiment there was a small but significant improvement in rate of gain up to 100 lb. live-weight and for the whole experimental period by the pigs receiving 10 g./ton of zinc bacitracin. There was no significant response in feed conversion efficiency or carcass measurements. In the other two experiments there was no response to zinc bacitracin. The implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Alkane-grown yeast in relation to selenium in broiler diets.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
A.R. El Boushy ◽  
W. Binnerts
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Increase Weight Gain ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Carry Over

In a trial, 1080 male chicks, 15 per cage, were given a basal diet low in selenium or diets with 12.5 or 25% of G-yeast grown on alkane-type hydrocarbons. All diets were supplemented with vitamin E 10 and antioxidant 100 mg/kg and each diet was supplemented with Se at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1 mg/kg. There was a significantly negative linear effect of yeast on bodyweight, weight gain and a significantly positive linear effect on feed conversion efficiency up to 7 weeks of age, indicating that the G-yeast caused a depression in comparison with the control. The supplements of Se did not increase weight gain or feed conversion efficiency but increased contents of Se in breast and leg muscle at 7 weeks. The contents of Se in muscles of the broilers on the basal diet were rather high, presumably because of a carry-over from the hen via the egg. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementing Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris Rubra) Powder and Its Aqueous Extract on Productive Performance of Growing Geese

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
Saad K.J. Al-waeli ◽  
Majid H.A. Alasadi ◽  
Rabia J. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of supplementing beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) powder and its aqueous extract on the productive performance of growing geese. A total of 180 one-day-old goslings chicks of Chinese white geese were randomly distributed among five treatment groups containing three replicates of 12 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated as follows: Control diet without supplementation (T1). In the second and third treatments, the beetroot extract was supplemented at 15, and 30 (ml/l) in drinking water; 15, and 30 (g/kg) beetroot powder (T4, T5) in basal diet respectively. Results indicated significant (p≤0.05) improvement in average body weight and weight gain from the 2nd to 12th week and total weight gain in treatment T2 and T4, which achieved the highest values compared to the control. As for feed intake, the T3 in the 6th week, T1 in the 8th week, and T2 in the 10th week were consumed a greater amount of feed compared to the other treatments, while no significant differences appeared in the 2, 4, and 12 weeks of age and in the cumulative period. No significant differences in the feed conversion ratio at age 2, 10, and 12 weeks, while the T5 in the 4th week, T2 in the 6th week, and the T4 in the 8th week, and the cumulative period showed the better feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of beetroot extract at 15, 30 (ml/l) or beetroot powder at 15, 30 (g/kg) improved the productive performance of growing geese.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of unripe and ripe plantain (Musa paradisica) peels for weanling rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
T. O. Oduronbi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
O 10

Dried plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels (DPP), either ripe or unripe (green), were given to Weaned rabbits to replace maize at O, 10, 20 and 30% levels in isonitrogenous (18% crude protein) diets for 56 days in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The 30% inclusion level of DPP depressed (P < 0.05) the final weight gain, daily weight gains, and feed conversion efficiency. Ripe or unripe DPP had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the performance parameters except feed intake, which was improved (P < 0.05). The interaction between ripe or unripe DPP and inclusion levels significantly (P < 0.05) affected weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. Inclusion of DPP depressed (P < 0.05) dressing percentage and lumbar and limbs weights while the viscera weight was increased Ripeness the plantain peels had no significant effect (P < 0.05) on the carcass yield. There was also increase in profit margin expressed in terms of feed cost/ kg live weight gain with inclusion of plantain peel in the diet. The results of this study showed that ripeness slightly improved the nutritive value of DPP which can be included al 20% in weaned rabbits ' diet to replace maize.

Performance and Intestinal Coliform Counts in Weaned Piglets Fed a Probiotic Culture (Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei CECT 4043) or an Antibiotic

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA FAJARDO BERNÁRDEZ ◽  
CLARA FUCIÑOS GONZÁLEZ ◽  
JESÚSMÉNDEZ BATÁN ◽  
LORENZO PASTRANA CASTRO ◽  
NELSON PÉREZ GUERRA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

The production of biomass and antibacterial extracellular products by Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei CECT 4043 was followed in both batch and in realkalized fed-batch cultures. Enhanced concentrations of biomass and antibacterial extracellular products were obtained with the use of the latter fermentation technique in comparison with the batch mode. The culture obtained by fed-batch fermentation was mixed with skim milk and used to prepare a probiotic feed for weaned piglets. To test the effect of the potentially probiotic culture of L. casei on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, and on fecal coliform counts of piglets, two groups of animals received either feed supplemented with the probiotic preparation or avilamycin for 28 days. The control group was fed nonsupplemented feed. At the end of the administration period (day 28), the groups receiving probiotic and avilamycin exhibited the highest average body weight gain values, although the mean feed intake and feed conversion efficiency values were not different among the groups (P &gt; 0.05). For the entire experimental period (42 days), the control group exhibited the lowest feed intake value, the probiotic group exhibited the highest feed conversion efficiency value, and the antibiotic group exhibited the highest body weight gain (P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, no significant difference in body weight gain was observed between the probiotic and the control groups by day 42 (P &gt; 0.05). Fecal coliform values decreased (although not significantly) by day 28 in the three groups. However, the mean counts returned to pretreatment levels by day 42 in all groups.

EFFECT OF ALTERING THE SOURCE OF NONESSENTIAL NITROGEN ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF THE BROILER CHICK

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105
Author(s):  
M. R. BEDFORD ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Excess Nitrogen

Male broilers were fed diets containing 14, 18 or 22% crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 12.13 or 13.39 MJ kg−1 metabolizable energy (ME) to 3 wk of age. For each level of CP and ME, three diets were formulated so that excess nitrogen arose mainly from nonessential amino acids (NEAA), essential amino acids (EAA) or both. The source of nitrogen excess had no effect on any of the parameters measured in birds fed the 18 and 22% CP diets. However, at 14% CP and over all energy levels, excess nitrogen in the form of EAA gave rise to superior results with regard to weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass protein when compared to those diets where the excess nitrogen arose mainly from NEAA sources. Increasing dietary energy reduced the effect that source of nonessential nitrogen had on weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass protein deposition at 14% CP. Key words: Amino acids, energy, protein, broilers

scholarly journals Effect of adding tallow on some production performance of Awassi ewe lambs

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hasan ◽  
M Dahham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Significant Difference

This experiment was conducted in animal felid/ University of Baghdad/ College of Agriculture/ Animal production from 9/11/2016 until 9/1/2017. Twelve growing Awassi ewes lambs weighted 29.13 ±1.50 kg and 8-10 month old were used in this study, the lambs were divided into three individual groups (4 animals/ group) receive the dietary treatments contain 0.2 and 4% tallow, animals were fed concentrate at 2.5% of body weight, Alfalfa hay was given ad libitum basis as the roughage, The results found that: No significant difference between groups in total and daily concentrate, roughage and total feed intake, However, final body weight not affected by the experimental diets, total and daily weight gain had higher values (p<0.05) in diets containing 2 and 4% tallow, feed conversion efficiency improved significantly (P<0.05) in 4% tallow diet compared to other groups. It can be concluded that added tallow to sheep diets improved some productive performance such as total and daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency. Excess animal fats from human consumption can be used as an energy source in ruminants feeds. Thus benefiting from excess animal fats from human consumption as a source of energy in ruminants' rations.

scholarly journals The influence of partial replacement of barley with dietary fat sources on growth and feed conversion efficiency of growing bulls

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Alem Tsehai Tesfa ◽  
Mikko Tuori ◽  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

This paper presents animal performance and carcass quality in an experiment conducted to observe the effect of replacing some of the barley in a concentrate mixture with different fat sources and wheat bran. The treatments were: concentrate mixture with no added fat (control); in the test feeds, some of the barley was replaced with 5 % of a fat source plus 10 % wheat bran, 1 % wheat molasses and 1 % Ca-lignosulphonate. The fat sources were rapeseed oil (RSO), calcium salt palm fatty acids (CaSFA), or tallow (TS). These four concentrate mixtures were fed to growing bulls with hay (45:55) at a rate of 85 g dry matter kg-1 metabolic body weight (W0.75). Partial replacement of barley with different fat sources slightly decreased dry matter intake and thereby reduced the daily intake of estimated metabolizable energy in all fat containing diets. Average daily weight gain was 1.20; 1.05; 1.05 and 1.08 kg for the control as to RSO; CaSFA and TS, respectively. Carcass weight was similar for all fat sources but slightly higher for the control diet, while dressing percentage was slightly lower for the control diet. Feeding RSO, TS or CaSFA had no effect on feed conversion efficiency in comparison to the control. No apparent difference was observed between treatments on carcass quality and palatability scores of the meat. Oleic and stearic acids were increased for RSO and TS containing diets as compared to the control and CaSFA containing diets.

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